秦始皇英文簡介
秦始皇,中國歷史上著名的政治家、戰(zhàn)略家、改革家，首位完成華夏大一統(tǒng)的鐵腕政治人物，下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理的秦始皇英文簡介，希望對你有用!
秦始皇簡介
Qin Shi Huang (the first 259 Lunar New Year in December third - before 210 years), won the surname, Zhao, name politics, also known as Zhao Zheng (political), Qin Zheng, or Zulong, Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang son. Chinese history, the famous politicians, strategists, reformers, the first to complete the Huaxia unified iron fist political figures, but also ancient and modern first known as the emperor's monarch.
Qin Shi Huang was born in Zhao capital of Handan (now Handan), and spent a teenager in this period. 247 years ago, 13 years old when the throne. In 238 years ago, at the age of 22, in the capital city held in the city of the monarch of the coronation ceremony, began to "mercy", get rid of Lu Weiwei, 嫪 毐 and others, reuse Li Si, Wei Liao, from 230 years ago to 221 years ago, Has completed Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, Qi six countries, 39 years old to complete the reunification of China's great cause, to establish a unified national unity as the central strong state - the Qin Dynasty, and laid the territory of China The
Qin Shihuang that his credit than the previous three emperors and five emperors, the use of the emperor of the "emperor", the emperor of the "emperor" constitute the "emperor" title, is the first in Chinese history to use the "emperor" title of the monarch, so self- " At the same time in the central implementation of the three public Jiuqing, the management of national affairs. Local abolition of sub-seal system, on behalf of the county system, at the same time the same book, car with the track, a unified measure. External north of the Huns, South levy Baiyue, built the Great Wall, the construction of Lingqu, communication water system.
But in the late, beggar dream of longevity, harsh abuse of people, shook the foundation of the Qin Dynasty rule, the first 210 years, Qin Shihuang East tour on the way to collapse in Xingtai dunes.
Qin Shihuang is an all-powerful and epoch-making figure in Chinese history. It is the first emperor of the Chinese dynasty, the founding emperor of the Qin dynasty, which has had a profound impact on China and world history and pushed China into a great reunification era, Laying the basic pattern of China's political system more than two thousand years, by the Ming Dynasty thinker Li Zhi known as "through the ages."
秦始皇生平經(jīng)歷
Early experience
Qin Shihuang in the forty-eight years of the first month (January 27, 259 BC) was born, the birthplace of the city of Handan City (Great North City) Wen Ming Dian site and Cong Taiwan to the south, in this city in the east of the street Taiwan southwest of Zhujia Lane area. Is the Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang's neutron, Shang dynasty minister to evil to the 35th Sun, won the surname Zhao, name politics.
247 years ago, Qin Zhuang Xiang Wang collapse, 13-year-old Ying Zheng was established as the king, then Lv Buwei for the phase, independent power. Ascended the throne because of the young, the country is dominated by the state Lv Buwei control, and respect for Lu Zhongwei for the father. In 239 years ago, Qin Wang Zheng was 21 years old will be pro-government, but this time the Qin court has set off a fierce political struggle.
Early Lv Buwei not only hold the court, but also with the Queen Mother (Zhao Ji) betrayal. After the Qin Wang Zheng increasingly old, afraid he was found, want to leave the Queen Mother, afraid of the Queen Mother resentment, so put their own door off the fake corruption, only remove the beard, eyebrows dedicated to the Queen Mother, for its music The Qin Wang Zheng grew up, so they lie to him that the Queen Mother Palace feng shui bad, should be removed from here. Qin Wang Zhengxin that is true, so they moved to Yongxian palace, the results of the Queen Mother gave birth to two bastard, and the 嫪 毐 also to Qin Wang Gong fake father, 嫪 毐 in a drunk after a minister reprimanded: "I am the king The father of the dare father, you dare to provoke me. "This minister was very angry to hear, and secretly find a chance to the relationship between the Queen and the Queen Mother told Qin Wang Zheng, Qin Wang Zheng learned very angry, The And 嫪 毐 in the Queen Mother's help was sealed as long letter Hou, with Shanyang, Taiyuan and other places, since the party.嫪 毐 operating in the Yong City for many years, the establishment of a huge force, is the Qin Dynasty after Lu Weiwei a strong political forces.
In 238 years ago, Qin Wang Zheng in the city of Yong City Corps held crown ceremony.嫪 毐 use Qin Wang Yu Xi and the Queen Wu Xi launched a rebellion, attack the Qiyun Palace. Qin Wang Zheng has been arranged in the Qiyun Palace three thousand elite, defeated the rebels.嫪 毐 turn Xianyang Palace, where the army has long ago, 嫪 毐 one person fled, not long before they were arrested. Qin Wang Zheng will be cleansing, exposed dead show the public; again the mother Zhao Ji Guan Yu Yong City of the palace; wrestling with the Queen Mother born two bastard. The following year, Wang Wang Wang Lv Buwei from the phase of the job, the Lv Buwei exile to Bashu. Lv Buwei know that his relationship with the king can not be saved, drinking poison suicide. Later, although the Qin Wang Zheng heard the aristocracy of Qin said, under the "guest book", expelled from the six diners, but was Li's "remonstrance by the guest book" discouraged, then he reused the Wei Liao, Li Si And so on.
Unified six countries
Qin Wangcheng in power, the appointment of Wei Liao and Lisi and others, and actively implement a unified strategy.
In 236 years ago, Zhao, Yan two countries war. Zhao Gong sent troops to attack Yan, and Qin to save the name of Wang Jian Jian will be sent troops to attack Zhao, respectively, took Zhao's 閼 and, 轑 Yang (Nanyang northwest), Hejian (Hebei Xianxian southeast), Anyang (Hebei Yangyuan County southeast) and other cities, Zhang water basin has been occupied by the Qin.
In the first 234 years, Qin and Zhao to attack Zhao, to take the Zhao established Yanmen County and the cloud in the county.
231 years ago, Wei was forced to part of the land Qin Qin, South Korea was also forced to offer the Nanyang Qin.
Qin sent within the history of Teng to do Nanyang fake.
In the past 230 years Qin sent within the history of Teng attack Korea, captured the Han Wangan, built in the Han Dynasty Yingchuan County, South Korea perish. At this time Zhao suffered a major drought. Qin Wang Jian led the army directly under the Jingxing (Jingxing County, Hebei Province), Qin will be led by the end of Hanoi soldiers into the Zhao are Handan. Zhao sent Li Mu, Sima Shang led the army to resist. Zhao Wang pet minister Guo Kai by the Qin bribe, spread rumors that Li Mu, Sima Shangguo against. Zhao Wang therefore switch to Zhao Cong and Yan together for Li Mu, Sima Shang, and killed Li Mu.
In the first 229 Wang Jian broken Zhao Jun, killed Zhao Cong, captured the king of Zhao. Zhao Gongzi Jia led his family hundreds of people fled to Zhao on behalf of the county, self-reliance on behalf of the king. Qin in Handan area in Handan established Handan County.
In the first 227 years, Qin sent Wang Jian, Xin Sheng attack Yan. Yan, on behalf of the two countries sent troops to resist, was defeated in the west of Yi water. The following year the Qin army attack Yan are thistle city. Yan Wang Xi moved to Liaodong. Qin will be loyal to the pursuit of the letter, Yan Wang Xi listen to the plan on behalf of Wang Jia, killing Prince Dan, Prince Edward Dan's head dedicated to Qin and sum.
226 years ago, South Korea capital rebellion, Qin sent troops to settle the Korean rebellion, took the opportunity to sacrifice Han Wang.
In the past 225 years, Qin Wang political party general Wang Biao attack Wei, surrounded by Wei are beam (Kaifeng City), cited the Yellow River water city, three months Liang City bad, Wei Wang out, Wei destroyed. Qin in the eastern part of Wei established Dang County. In the same year, Qin sent Li Xin, Meng Wu with 20 million troops attack Chu. Li Xin attack Chu Pingyu (Pingyu County North), Meng Wu attack Chu sleep (Anhui Linquan County), made the initial victory. Qin and the two armies in the city father (now Anhui Province Bo County southeast city father) meet, Chu by Qin Jun not prepared to launch a counterattack, defeated Qin. Wang Jian Wang Qin Wang Jian army with 600,000 troops set off, breaking the Chu army in Qi (now Anhui Suxian southeast), forcing Chu to commit suicide. Then the Qin army captured Chu Shouchun, captured the king of negative brilliance. Qin Yu Chu Jiujiang County (Anhui Shou County), Changsha County (Changsha, Hunan).
Before 222 years, Wang Jian Ping Chu Jiangnan, surrender of the more Jun, set Huiji County, Chu country demise. Qin in the Chu at the same time, constantly expanding eastward, one after another set up, and to capture Qi, set Xue County (Shandong Qufu County).
In the past 222 years, Qin Wangzheng Wang Zhan attack Yan Liaodong, Khan Yan Wang Xi, destroyed the Yan country. And then back to the division on behalf of the generation, the prisoners Wang Jia, the establishment of county (Hebei Yuxian southwest) and Liaodong County (Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province, the old city).
In 221 years ago, the Qin Dynasty Wang Ben from Yan Guo Nan under the attack Qi, captured Qi Wang Jian, off the Qi, Qi Qi established in the county (Shandong Zibo City, northeast) and Langya County (Shandong Jiaonan Southwest Xiahe City).
Qin from the past 230 years, to the end of Qi, 10 years after the merger of the six countries, from the end of the aristocratic royal dictatorship of the kingdom, into the monarchy of the imperial era.
To create a monarchy
Qin Wang Zheng twenty-six years (before 221) off six countries, the king number is not enough to show its industry, is the emperor. And continue to implement the filial piety since the law of Shang Yang's legalist policy, to strengthen the monarchy, weaken the old aristocracy, promoted by the military and rise up aristocracy. Qin Empire land ownership is basically still maintain the Western Zhou Dynasty "Wang" land system, and change "Wang You" as "state". Qin Shihuang in the previous 216 years ordered the national farmers to report the actual amount of land occupied in order to levy taxes. And even civilians, as long as there is military power can also grant land and title. Although the Qin Dynasty in the Shang Yang reform when the implementation of the "grant system", the farmer's land is nominally owned by the state, private farming, but the move so that the people actually occupied the original "Wang" land, and soon after the evolution of the farmers And officials are free to buy and sell the land, so the Qin Shang Shang Yang reform eventually facilitate the development of private land.
After the abolition of sub-monarchy, the establishment of a set from the central to the local county system and bureaucracy. At the beginning of the country for the 36 counties, later with the expansion of the land to 46 counties, set Xianyang (Shaanxi Xianyang City Qindu District) for the capital. The highest bureaucrats of the central government are the prime minister, the censor and the captain, also known as the "three public". The governor of the local governor is governor of the governor of the prefecture. County system initially broke the blood relationship of the patriarchal system, feudal system, bureaucratic system instead of the aristocratic hereditary system. In order to consolidate the regime, Qin Shihuang also implemented a series of policies, mainly: unified currency and weights and measures; unified text; the construction of the Great Wall, Chi Road and straight; forced the six countries to enrich the people and civilians. After the reunification of the six countries, in order to prevent the six aristocracy in accordance with the clan "resurgence", forced them to migrate to Xianyang, they want to care for the imperial tombs, or migrate to the southwest remote areas, some civilians are also forced to migrate, Prisoners, "do mining, open salt wells and other hard labor. In the first 215 years, Qin will Meng Tian wins nine original Henan, set 34 counties, the establishment of Jiuyuan County (governance in Inner Mongolia Baotou City, northwest).
After the reunification of the six countries, Shang Yang reform strongly opposed to all aspects of the school, talent have come to Qin service, may Qin Shi Huang adopted the "Qin characteristics of Shang Yang reform", resulting in a variety of supernatural popularity Qin empire. Which Huanglao Taoist, yin and yang home, they integrated Confucianism, France, Taoist theory, put forward the so-called "five virtues always said," especially the emperor's trust, the emperor then think that Qin is the water, , Water can fire, so Qin was the world. From the Qi Yan to the Confucian scholar who the Confucian "Feng Zen" also made a change of face to face again, rumors since the ancient emperor did not hold a memorial ceremony.
Parade for cents
Qin Shihuang twenty-eight years to thirty-one years (before 219 ~ before 215) continuous to the east coast, the Yangtze River Basin and the north side of the parade, wherever he went, all carved its merit.
In his later years Qin Shihuang obsessed with the immortality of the surgery, believe in the number of orders. Also said that the sea Penglai, abbot, Yingzhou Mishima, is the place where the gods live, "immortal medicine", after serving can be "longevity." Qin Shi Huang heard very tempted, fantasy to become "immortal" immortal. Some strange guilty, such as Lu Sheng, Han end, Xu Fu, Hou Sheng, are defected to the Qin Dynasty.
Lu Sheng persuaded Qin Shihuang said: "We are looking for Ganoderma lucidum, Qiaoqi and immortal has been unable to find, there must be something with them grams.We suggest that you want to secretly travel, to expel the evil spirits. Evil spirits away, immortal really If you let the courtiers know that they will interfere with the gods, I hope you live in the palace do not let others know, so that the immortality of the drug may be able to get. "Qin Shi Huang announced: I envy the immortal reality, I call myself 'no one', no longer called 'I'. "He also ordered the two hundred miles in the vicinity of Xianyang two hundred and seventy palace view with bridges, corridors connected to each other, the curtain Account, bells and beauties are placed in the inside, all in accordance with the registered position shall not move. Where the emperor went, if someone said it, he was sentenced to death.
Xu Fu and others into the sea to find immortal medicine, spent a lot of time and money did not find. He was afraid of being punished, to deceive the emperor said: that there are three mountains in the sea. But we are often troubled by the big shark, so we can not reach. I hope the emperor sent a good shot to go with people, met the big shark with bursts of bow crossbow shot it. "Fighting Qin Shi Huang dream and sea gods, the shape of the sea god and human shape similar to the dream of the doctor said:" Water God could not see, he used a big fish dragon to detect. Now the emperor's ritual and thoughtful, but there is such a god, only to get rid of it to find the real good God. "So Qin Shihuang ordered the people to carry the sea to catch large fish tools, personally with a crossbow to shoot a big fish.
Qin Shi Huang believed that sent him to lead three thousand children boys and girls, take the boat into the sea for the mountains, after I do not know the end, perhaps in case of shipwreck, perhaps drift to a island settlement, the latter is more likely, folklore is to Japan The.
Burning book pit "Confucianism"
Qin Shihuang thirty-two years (before 205 years) and Yan Yan Lu Sheng envy door, high oath and other immortal traces, and later to Han Tong, Hou Gong, Shi Sheng Qi immortal medicine. For the Qin Shi Huang this behavior, but also Confucianism that remonstrance, Dr. Qi Qi Chunyu proposed the beginning of the emperor is still divided into the clan children for the princes of the policy, the emperor to the minister to discuss. The prime minister Liss against. Li Si's memorial led to the emperor ordered the burning of the prohibition of the book, the provisions of the history of non-Qin Ji are burning; non-doctoral officer, the world dare to possession of "poetry", "book", " "Wei", "the book", abandoned the city; to ancient non-today, the family. Officials are not known and condemned. So that the next 30 days do not burn, 黥 for the city Dan. Quasi-preserved, medicine, divination, tree. If you wish to learn the law, then the official as a teacher.
Before the emperor had felt deceived, so ordered the censor case asked the students, exposing each other involved more than four hundred and sixty people, the emperor ordered them to live in Xianyang buried. Some people think that "Historical Records" records Qin Shi Huang pit is a warlock, not a scholar, but according to "Historical Records Qin Shi Huang Ji Ji" records Qin Shi Huang Keng kill people "are recite Confucius."
Driving the dunes
Qin Shihuang thirty-seven years (before 210 years), Qin Shi Huang died in his fifth trip to the east of the sand dune (now Hebei Guangzong). After the death of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, Zhao Gao to persuade Hu Hai threatened Li Si's way, the two in the sand dune after some conspiracy, fake Qin Shi emperor issued an edict, by the Hu Hai inherited the throne, but also to the name of the Qin Shi Huang accused of sub-filial piety, Infidelity, so that they commit suicide, not defy. In the exact news of Su Su suicide, Hu Hai, Zhao Gao, Lisi this command the team day and night, quickly return to Xianyang.
In order to continue to deceive the subjects, the team did not dare to return to Xianyang, but put the posture to continue patrol, bypassed Xianyang. As the summer heat, Qin Shi Huang's body has been rotting smelly. To cover the eyes and ears, Hu Hai a line of life to buy a lot of abalone installed in the car, abalone taste to cover up the corpse of the body, confused everyone. Back to Xianyang, Hu Hai to the throne, is for the Qin II, Zhao Gao Ren Lang, Li Si still do the prime minister, but the court's power actually fell to the hands of Zhao. Zhao Gao conspiracy succeeded, began to hurt the people around the people. He lay the trap, the Li Si gradually forced to death on the road, Li Si found Zhao Gao conspiracy, the letter on the letter Zhao Gao. Qin Ershi Hu Hai not only favor the high, and will Li Si crime, and finally the lips cut in Xianyang. Zhao Gaosheng any prime minister, because he can go out of the palace ban, especially in the "prime minister."
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