考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析
英語(yǔ)類的閱讀理解，我們來(lái)看看關(guān)于考研的教育類型的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析，供大家參閱!
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：HOW TO LURE TEACHERS?
Gore says that he'd spend more to boost their pay, Bush that he'd cut through the bureaucracy
On this one point George W. Bush and Al Gore would agree: our schools need
more Marilyn Whirrys. For 35 years, Whirry has inspired high school students to think deeply about great literature and to use its devices in their writing. She is the kind of teacher that students come back to visit decades later in her classroom in Manhattan Beach, Calif. Last May a national educators' group named her its Teacher of the Year. And with the nation's public schools planning to hire 2.5 million new teachers over the next decade, Whirry is excited that each presidential candidate is pushing ways to recruit, train and reward better teachers. "They're both talking about teacher quality," she says. "We have a real opportunity right now."
Bush's plan combines most existing federal funds for professional development and class-size reduction into a flexible new fund for teacher training and recruitment, and he adds 0 million a year in new money. Bush would allow states to spend the funds as they see fit--so long as they establish teacher-accountability systems. This is similar to what Ronald Reagan did in the 1980s. But then, says Emily Feistritzer, president of the Center for Education Information, "the money disappeared." Under Bush's plan, she says, "I worry that the money won't go where it's intended to once it reaches the states."
Bush would expand funding from
英語(yǔ)類的閱讀理解，我們來(lái)看看關(guān)于考研的教育類型的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析，供大家參閱!
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：HOW TO LURE TEACHERS?
Gore says that he'd spend more to boost their pay, Bush that he'd cut through the bureaucracy
On this one point George W. Bush and Al Gore would agree: our schools need
more Marilyn Whirrys. For 35 years, Whirry has inspired high school students to think deeply about great literature and to use its devices in their writing. She is the kind of teacher that students come back to visit decades later in her classroom in Manhattan Beach, Calif. Last May a national educators' group named her its Teacher of the Year. And with the nation's public schools planning to hire 2.5 million new teachers over the next decade, Whirry is excited that each presidential candidate is pushing ways to recruit, train and reward better teachers. "They're both talking about teacher quality," she says. "We have a real opportunity right now."
Bush's plan combines most existing federal funds for professional development and class-size reduction into a flexible new fund for teacher training and recruitment, and he adds $400 million a year in new money. Bush would allow states to spend the funds as they see fit--so long as they establish teacher-accountability systems. This is similar to what Ronald Reagan did in the 1980s. But then, says Emily Feistritzer, president of the Center for Education Information, "the money disappeared." Under Bush's plan, she says, "I worry that the money won't go where it's intended to once it reaches the states."
Bush would expand funding from $2.4 million to $30 million for the Troops to Teachers program, which places veterans who want to teach in public schools. The program makes use of people like Arthur Moore, who retired in 1994 after 21 years in the Army and knew he wanted to teach. "There are a lot of people who would make excellent teachers but are discouraged by the bureaucracy of the certification process," says Moore, 45, who began teaching fourth grade in Baltimore and now tests students for special education. "Troops to Teachers is an excellent way to tap their potential by lowering the barriers." Bush would also expand loan forgiveness for math and science majors who teach in needy schools.
Gore's plan, endorsed by the teachers' unions, would spend $8 billion over 10 years to help recruit 1 million new teachers, with provisions for college aid, loan forgiveness and signing bonuses. Gore would spend an additional $8 billion to provide raises of as much as $5,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as $10,000 each to teachers certified by a national board. Gore would also require states to ensure that all new teachers pass rigorous assessments. Says Feistritzer: "Gore's proposal might be a little excessive in the number of teachers he wants to recruit, but his teacher testing is exactly what we need."
~~~~~~~~
By Rebecca Winters Time; 11/06/2000, Vol. 156 Issue 19, p88, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自Time;11/06/2000, p88, 2/3p, 1c
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2005年真題text 1第一題(1)，2001年真題text 4第2題(2)和第3題(4)，text 3第1題(5)和第2題(3)
1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.
[A] quoting the Teach of the Year
[B] citing an example
[C] making an assumption
[D] posing a contrast
2.According to Emily Feistritzer, Bush’s plan might_________.
[A] be handicapped by the states
[B] give the states too much freedom
[C] help states recruit more teachers
[D] be too flexible
3.The basic problem many veterans encounter when they seek the teaching profession is _____.
[A] their lack of training and experience
[B] their background
[C] that they do not have the making of a teacher
[D] the barriers in the certification process
4.From paragraph 4 we can infer that__________.
[A] Gore’s plan is better than Bush’s plan
[B] poor districts will receive more funding from Gore’s plan
[C] Gore’s plan focuses on the number of teachers while Bush’s plan on the accountability
[D] Gore’s plan gives qualified teacher generous paycheck
5.What is the passage mainly about?
[A] The competition between Bush and Gore.
[B] Two presidential candidates’ plans of teacher training, recruitment and rewarding.
[C] The increasing importance of the teaching profession.
[D] The differences between Bush’s plan and that of Gore’s.
答案：C A D D B
篇章剖析：
本篇文章是說(shuō)明文，介紹了兩位總統(tǒng)候選人布什和戈?duì)柛髯缘慕處熣心己团嘤?xùn)計(jì)劃。第一段提出了兩位候選人的一個(gè)共同之處：想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師。第二段介紹了布什的新基金計(jì)劃;第三段介紹了布什的“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃;第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕慕處熣心己驮u(píng)估方案。
詞匯注釋：
candidate: [5kAndidit] n. 候選人
recruit: [ri5kru:t] v. 吸收(新成員);招募
accountability: [E7kauntE5biliti] n. 有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)
bureaucracy: [bjJ5rRkrEsI] n. 官僚, 官僚作風(fēng), 官僚機(jī)構(gòu)
certification: [sE:tIfI5keIF(E)n] n. 證明，證明書;合格證
tap: [tAp] v. 開(kāi)發(fā);利用
endorse: [in5dC:s] v. 支持，核準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn)或給予支持，尤以公開(kāi)聲明形式;核準(zhǔn)
forgiveness: [fE5^IvnIs] n. 免除(債務(wù)等)
bonus: [5bEunEs] n. 紅利;獎(jiǎng)金;額外津貼
rigorous: [5ri^ErEs] adj. 嚴(yán)格的, 嚴(yán)厲的
excessive: [ik5sesiv] adj. 過(guò)多的, 過(guò)分的
難句突破
Gore would spend an additional $8 billion to provide raises of as much as $5,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as $10,000 each to teachers certified by a national board
主體句式：Gore would spend an additional $8 billion.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，不定式to provide raises ….作整個(gè)句子的目的狀語(yǔ)，其中包含了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾districts，介詞plus引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾這個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)。
句子譯文：此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。
題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題?？梢詮牡谝痪湓抴ould agree看出。would是一種虛擬用法，表明這是作者的一種假想。
2. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上下文，布什的計(jì)劃類似于里根的計(jì)劃，當(dāng)時(shí)錢撥到了各州，但最后都不知去向。Emily Feistritzer擔(dān)心如果各州可以按照自己認(rèn)為適合的方式動(dòng)用這筆資金的話，這筆錢將不被用于最初的目的。也就是說(shuō)布什的計(jì)劃會(huì)在州里執(zhí)行不力。
3. 答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。這一題的答案在文中第三段，退伍老兵Moore說(shuō)許多本來(lái)可成為優(yōu)秀教師的退伍軍人卻因?yàn)閠he bureaucracy of the certification process而受阻。
4. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。這可以從獲得全國(guó)教育委員會(huì)認(rèn)證的教師每人還可以得到1萬(wàn)美元的提議中看出。
5. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。判斷文章的主旨。文章第一段借用Whirry之口來(lái)說(shuō)明兩位總統(tǒng)候選人都在積極推動(dòng)對(duì)教師的招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策。接著在第二段和第三段介紹了布什的兩個(gè)計(jì)劃，第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃，這些計(jì)劃都與招募，培訓(xùn)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策有關(guān)。所以應(yīng)該是B。
參考譯文：
喬治·W·布什和阿爾·戈?duì)栆苍S會(huì)一致同意這樣一種說(shuō)法：我們的學(xué)校需要更多像瑪麗蓮·威爾瑞斯這樣的老師。在過(guò)去35年中，威爾瑞斯一直鼓勵(lì)中學(xué)生深入思考偉大文學(xué)作品的意義并在自己的寫作中運(yùn)用其中的一些創(chuàng)作手法。她是那種學(xué)生幾十年后依舊會(huì)回到她在加州曼哈頓海灘的教室來(lái)拜訪她的老師。去年五月，一個(gè)全國(guó)教師組織將她評(píng)為“年度教師”?，F(xiàn)在全國(guó)公立學(xué)校計(jì)劃在未來(lái)十年招聘250萬(wàn)新教師，威爾瑞斯對(duì)于每位總統(tǒng)候選人都想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師的做法感到非常鼓舞。“他們兩人都談到了教師素質(zhì)的問(wèn)題”，她說(shuō)。“現(xiàn)在正是我們的大好時(shí)機(jī)。”
布什計(jì)劃把大部分用于職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和縮小課堂規(guī)模的現(xiàn)有聯(lián)邦基金和一個(gè)用于教師培訓(xùn)和招募的新基金合在一起，再給這比新資金每年追加4億美元。布什允許各州根據(jù)自己認(rèn)為合適的情況支配這筆基金---前提是他們必須建立教師責(zé)任制制度。這與羅納德·里根在1980年代所做的類似。不過(guò)那時(shí)，教育信息中心主席埃米莉·費(fèi)斯特里澤說(shuō)到：“錢都不知去向。”對(duì)于布什的的計(jì)劃，她說(shuō)：“我擔(dān)心資金到了州里會(huì)被挪作他用。”
布什打算將用于“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃的資金投入從240萬(wàn)美元增加到3000萬(wàn)美元。該計(jì)劃把那些想教書的退伍軍人安置在公立學(xué)校，并任用像阿瑟·摩爾這樣的人。阿瑟·摩爾在軍中服役21年后于1994年退役。他知道自己想教書。“很多人本來(lái)可以成為出色的教師，但由于認(rèn)證過(guò)程中的官僚主義而受阻。”現(xiàn)年45歲的摩爾說(shuō)道。他最初在巴爾的摩教四年級(jí)學(xué)生，現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)給接受特殊教育的學(xué)生做測(cè)試工作。“‘軍人當(dāng)教師’計(jì)劃可以降低門檻，激發(fā)退役軍人的潛能，是非常好的計(jì)劃。”布什還計(jì)劃增加數(shù)學(xué)和理科專業(yè)出身，在貧困學(xué)校教書的退伍軍人的貸款免除額。
戈?duì)柕姆桨傅玫搅私處煿?huì)的支持。該方案計(jì)劃在10年內(nèi)斥資80億美元幫助招募100萬(wàn)新教師，并撥款為大學(xué)提供資助，實(shí)行貸款免除以及發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)金。此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。戈?duì)栠€要求各州確保所有的新教師都能通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的評(píng)估。費(fèi)斯特里澤說(shuō)：“戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃招募的教師人數(shù)也許有點(diǎn)多，但他的教師測(cè)試提案正是我們所需要的。”
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：YES, YOUR RACE STILL MATTERS
As students primp and preen to wow their favorite colleges, there's one characteristic they can't control: their race. That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-actio
n efforts these days. But make no mistake: race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.
In Texas, public universities have managed to counteract the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the school's minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges counselors from high schools with large minority populations to nominate qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 predominantly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1,296 students are black. Siler went bearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said, "I'm pleased I got two."
Rice has also resorted to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant's race. But a new essay question asks about each student's "background" and "cultural traditions." When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences" and what they awkwardly call "overcome students," who have triumphed over hardship.
Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she lagged far behind most accepted applicants. But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. "All the newspapers say affirmative action is done," says a veteran counselor at a large New York City high school. "But nothing has changed. I have a [minority] kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s."
While minority admissions at the University of California system overall have dipped only slightly since a ban on affirmative action took effect in 1998, they have plummeted at the most selective campuses. At Berkeley, for example, the class entering this fall included 608 Chicano students, vs. 1,013 in 1997. In response, the elite schools have moved aggressively to recruit at minority high schools--and even to improve the performance of students who are graduating from them. This year the U.C. system will spend $250 million on outreach, from installing tutors at low-income schools to inviting high school teachers to summer calculus seminars.
By Amanda Ripley Reported by Flora Tartakovsky and David Nordan Time; 10/23/2000, Vol. 156 Issue 17, p77, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自Time;10/23/2000, p77;
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2001年真題text 2和2002年真題text 2第2題(5)
1.Affirmative action is something ___________.
[A] that guarantees students of different races to be admitted equally
[B] American citizens fight against because it discriminates minority students
[C] colleges take to give preference to minority students in college admission
[D] favored by American colleges yet unpopular with American public
2.Rice University sent two recruiters to find minority applicants because _________.
[A] Rice wanted to maintain minority enrollment
[B] minority students have better school performance
[C] Rice has a large minority population
[D] Rice is famous for admitting minority students
3.The writer mentioned Rice’s some comic end-runs around the spirit of the law to show
that_____________.
[A] Rice abides by the law strictly
[B] Rice deals with students in a comic way
[C] Rice prefers minority students
[D] Rice has its own ways of dealing with the law
4.It seems that minority students _________.
[A] are still benefiting from affirmative action
[B] have lower SAT scores
[C] are often admitted by universities because they have unique racial experience
[D] lag far behind than other students in school performance
5.The word “plummeted” (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_________.
[A] doubled
[B] risen
[C] stayed the same
[D] decreased
答案：C A D A D
篇章剖析
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了各大學(xué)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)不允許在招生中照顧少數(shù)族裔的法律的。在第一段作者指出雖然一些州規(guī)定在大學(xué)招生中照顧某些種族的政策為非法，但學(xué)生的種族身份仍然很重要。第二段介紹了德克薩斯州公立大學(xué)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略和私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)付這一情況的辦法。第三段介紹了萊斯大學(xué)所采用的迂回策略。第四段以兩個(gè)例子說(shuō)明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生即使SAT成績(jī)不高也能上名牌大學(xué)。最后一段介紹了加利福尼亞禁止平權(quán)措施帶來(lái)的影響以及加利福尼亞大學(xué)為了克服這些不利影響所作的努力。
詞匯注釋：
primp: [primp] v. 梳理(頭發(fā))，打扮
preen: [pri:n] v. 把(自己)打扮漂亮
wow: [wau] v. 激起熱烈贊揚(yáng), 使驚嘆, 使佩服
affirmative-action: 平權(quán)措施
counteract: [7kauntE5rAkt] v. 抵抗;抵制;消除，抵消
enrollment: [in5rEulmEnt] n. 登記, 注冊(cè), 入學(xué)
counselor: [5kaunsElE] n. 顧問(wèn)
nominate: [5nCmineit] v. 提名, 推薦
predominantly: [pri5dCminEntli] adv. 主要地，占優(yōu)勢(shì)地
Hispanic: [his5pAnik] adj. 西班牙的
literature: [5litEritFE] n. 印刷品
resort: [ri5zC:t] v. 求助, 訴諸, 采取(某種手段等)
end-run: 迂回
diverse: [dai5vE:s] adj. 不同的, 變化多的
SAT: 學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)指代(美國(guó))學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)試的一種標(biāo)志
numerically: [nju(:)5merikEli] adv. 用數(shù)字, 在數(shù)字上
recommendation: [7rekEmen5deiFEn] n. 推薦信
discrimination: [dis7krimi5neiFEn] n. 歧視
veteran: [5vetErEn] n. 老手, 富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人
dip: [dip] v. (短時(shí)間)降下一點(diǎn)，降低一些
plummet: [5plQmit] v. 驟降，爆跌突然和大幅度地降低
Chicano: [tFi:`kB:nEJ] adj. <美>n.奇卡諾人(指墨西哥裔美國(guó)人或在美國(guó)的講西班牙語(yǔ)的拉丁美洲人后裔)
outreach: [aut5ri:tF] n. 擴(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目;有系統(tǒng)地嘗試向一團(tuán)體的特別部門提供超常規(guī)的服務(wù)
calculus: [5kAlkjulEs] n. 微積分學(xué)
seminar: [5seminB:] n. 研究會(huì), 討論發(fā)表會(huì)
難句突破:
That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-action efforts these days.
主體句式That’s one reason…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，reason后面的成分是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)從句里又包含了一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示對(duì)照。文中比較難的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)是play down和affirmative-action。“play down”的意思是“降低，減少”，而“affirmative action”指的是美國(guó)大學(xué)為了保證少數(shù)族裔的受教育機(jī)會(huì)而采取的照顧政策，稱為“平權(quán)措施”。
句子譯文：正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)法案方面的努力。
題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的上下文，美國(guó)六個(gè)州制定法律，規(guī)定“racial preferences in college admissions”為非法，繼而說(shuō)美國(guó)的學(xué)校為了免于訴訟就減少了“affirmation action”的努力，可見(jiàn)“affirmation action”應(yīng)該是指在大學(xué)入學(xué)方面給與少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的照顧政策。
2. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第四行講述了Rice University不得不重新制定策略“to maintain the school’s minority enrollment”，下面派招生員到各處招收少數(shù)族裔申請(qǐng)者則是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的的一個(gè)方式?？梢?jiàn)答案是A。
3. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章第二段提到Rice University為了應(yīng)對(duì)新法律不得不重新制定策略來(lái)保證學(xué)校少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生入學(xué)。接著在第三段中舉了三個(gè)根法律玩擦邊球的例子：把原來(lái)給墨西哥裔學(xué)生的年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金變成給西班牙語(yǔ)流利的學(xué)生(墨西哥裔學(xué)生的母語(yǔ)多位西班牙語(yǔ));雖然不知道申請(qǐng)人的種族，但申請(qǐng)者要回答的論文問(wèn)題卻是“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”，而且招生人員看重的是“不同的體驗(yàn)”和“克服困難”的學(xué)生(少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生通過(guò)回答這些問(wèn)題就可以輕易地讓招生人員把他們挑出來(lái))。可見(jiàn)Rice大學(xué)自有一套對(duì)付法律的辦法。
4. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。第四段舉了兩個(gè)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試成績(jī)不高但依然被錄取的少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的例子，接著引用一位中學(xué)顧問(wèn)的話：“所有的報(bào)紙都說(shuō)平權(quán)措施(affirmative action)要過(guò)時(shí)了，但一切都是老樣子。”來(lái)說(shuō)明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生依然從平權(quán)措施中受益。
5. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個(gè)詞的意思可以從下文中給出的例子猜測(cè)出來(lái)。文中說(shuō)：以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人?？梢?jiàn)少數(shù)族裔的入學(xué)人數(shù)是大幅下降了。
參考譯文：
當(dāng)學(xué)生們?yōu)榱私o自己喜愛(ài)的學(xué)校留下好印象而打扮修飾的時(shí)候，有一點(diǎn)卻是他們無(wú)法控制的：那就是他們的種族身份。正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)措施方面的努力。但別弄錯(cuò)了：種族身份仍然很重要。到底有多重要?jiǎng)t因?qū)W校和州而異。
在德克薩斯州，公立大學(xué)通過(guò)自動(dòng)錄取各個(gè)中學(xué)畢業(yè)班成績(jī)?cè)谇?0%的學(xué)生，包括那些以少數(shù)族裔為主的學(xué)校的學(xué)生來(lái)抵消禁止照顧某些種族所產(chǎn)生的影響。但休斯敦的私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生的挑選比較嚴(yán)格，因而不得不重新制定其招生方針以保持學(xué)校少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的入學(xué)情況。每年二月，80到90名黑人，西班牙裔和印第安人兒童會(huì)免費(fèi)參觀萊斯。萊斯鼓勵(lì)少數(shù)民族學(xué)生較多的中學(xué)的顧問(wèn)提名合格的學(xué)生。今年秋季，萊斯還派了兩名招生員到外地尋找少數(shù)族裔的申請(qǐng)人;每一名招生員走訪了將近80所以黑人和西班牙裔學(xué)生為主的中學(xué)。兩星期前，萊斯的招生員塔瑪拉·塞勒順便走訪了亞特蘭大市的西湖中學(xué)，該校1296名學(xué)生中99%都是黑人。塞勒帶著印刷品和建議去到那所學(xué)校，雖然只有兩個(gè)孩子露面，她仍然說(shuō)：“我很高興我招到了兩個(gè)”
萊斯大學(xué)還采取了一些可笑的迂回手段來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這條法律。 這所大學(xué)以前每年都會(huì)給一位墨西哥裔美國(guó)學(xué)生授予年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金;現(xiàn)在的要求則是能夠說(shuō)一口流利的西班牙語(yǔ)。招生官員再也無(wú)從知道申請(qǐng)人的種族身份。但一個(gè)新的考試題目問(wèn)及每個(gè)學(xué)生的“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”。當(dāng)萊斯的官員閱讀申請(qǐng)書的時(shí)候，他們尋找的是“不同的生活體驗(yàn)”以及被他們笨拙地稱為“克困學(xué)生”的那些成功克服困難的學(xué)生。
去年春天，閱讀招生信息的讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)學(xué)生的SAT(學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn))成績(jī)低于1200分，而且她也不在班里的前10%之列。如果按排序的話，她比大部分已經(jīng)被接受的申請(qǐng)人的成績(jī)要差很多。但她的論文和推薦信表明她對(duì)于民權(quán)有著濃厚的興趣，而且還親身經(jīng)歷過(guò)種族歧視。最后她被錄取了。“所有的報(bào)紙都說(shuō)平權(quán)措施要過(guò)時(shí)了，”來(lái)自一所規(guī)模較大的紐約市中學(xué)的一位資深顧問(wèn)說(shuō)道。“但一切都是老樣子。我知道一個(gè)[少數(shù)族裔]學(xué)生上了耶魯，SAT成績(jī)也就900多分。”
自從1998年開(kāi)始禁止平權(quán)措施以來(lái)，加利福尼亞大學(xué)少數(shù)族裔的整體錄取情況只是略有下降，盡管如此，他們?cè)谔蕴矢叩男^(qū)卻下降較多。以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一情況，那些主力學(xué)院都開(kāi)始積極在少數(shù)民族中學(xué)招生---甚至還積極幫助那些從這類學(xué)校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。今年加利福尼亞大學(xué)將會(huì)花2.5億美元系統(tǒng)地?cái)U(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，從在低收入學(xué)校安排指導(dǎo)教師到邀請(qǐng)中學(xué)老師參加夏季微積分研討會(huì)等不一而足。
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：A LAPTOP FOR EVERY KID
More schools are convinced they're worth the cost
Carmen Arace Middle School is situated in the pastoral town of Bloomfield, Conn., but four years ago it faced many of the same challenges as inner-city sc
hools in nearby Hartford: low scores on standardized tests, dropping enrollment and high rates of detention. Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home. For good measure, the board provided wireless Internet access at school. Total cost: $2.5 million.
Now, an hour before classes start, every seat in the library is taken by students eager to get online. Fifth-grade teacher Jen Friday talks about sedimentary rocks as students view them at a colorful website. After school, students on buses pull laptops from backpacks to get started on homework. Since the computers arrived, enrollment is up 20%. Disciplinary suspensions are down 80%. Scores on state achievement tests are up 35%. Bolton, who is black, is proud to run "a school with 90% black enrollment that is on the cutting edge."
Indeed, school systems in rural Maine and New York City are eager to follow Arace Middle School's example. Governor Angus King has proposed using $50 million from an unexpected budget surplus to buy a laptop for all of Maine's 17,000 seventh-graders--and for new seventh-graders each fall. The funds would create a permanent endowment whose interest would help buy the computers. The plan, scaled back to $30 million in a compromise with the legislature, is scheduled to be voted on this week.
In the same spirit, the New York City board of education voted unanimously on April 12 to create a school Internet portal, which would make money by selling ads and licensing e-commerce sites. The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students. Profits will be used to buy laptops for each of the school system's 87,000 fourth-graders. Within nine years, all students in grades 4 and higher will have their own computers.
Back in Bloomfield, the school board is seeking federal grant money to expand its laptop program to high school students. In the meantime, most of the kinks have been worked out. Some students were using their computers to goof off or visit unauthorized websites. But teachers have the ability to track where students have been on the Web and to restrict them. "That is the worst when they disable you," says eighth-grade honors student Jamie Bassell. "You go through laptop withdrawal." The habit is rubbing off on parents. "I taught my mom to use e-mail," says another eighth-grader, Katherine Hypolite. "And now she's taking computer classes. I'm so proud of her!"
~~~~~~~~
By Ellin Martens, Bloomfield Time; 05/01/2000, Vol. 155 Issue 18, p57, 2/3p, 2c
注(1)：本文選自Time;05/01/2000, p57;
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1994年真題text4(1，2，3，4題)和text3第4題(第5題);
1.The example of Carmen Arace Middle School in the text is used to ___________.
[A] show the challenges schools are faced with today
[B] prove that a school with high black enrollment can do well
[C] emphasize the importance of computers and the Internet in modern education
[D] indicate that laptops can help improve students’ school performance
2.According to the author, students in New York City’s public schools will ___________.
[A] all have their own laptops within nine years
[B] become more interested in their class activities with the application of laptop
[C] spend more time visiting unauthorized websites with the expansion of the laptop program
[D] enjoy e-mail service provided by the city’s school system in the near future.
3.By introducing the laptop program, Delore Bolton has ______________.
[A] shaken the beliefs of both teachers’ and students’
[B] witnessed a remarkable improvement in enrollment and students’ test scores
[C] found herself followers all over the country
[D] revolutionized class-room teaching in public schools
4.The word “kink” (line 2, paragraph 4) most probably means ______________.
[A] plan
[B] method
[C] problem
[D] process
5.From the passage we learn that __________________.
[A] the laptop program also has a positive influence on parents
[B] the laptop program in public schools is sponsored mainly by endowment
[C] a school Internet portal is the key to a laptop program
[D] students generally like the idea of having their online activities tracked
DDBCA
篇章剖析：
本篇文章是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了美國(guó)的一些學(xué)校給學(xué)校師生配置筆記本電腦，引入網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)的情況。文章一開(kāi)始就引用卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)在引入筆記本電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)之后發(fā)生的積極變化，以此說(shuō)明這種做法值得嘗試。接下來(lái)在第三段和第四段介紹了緬因州和紐約市的類似做法。最后一段介紹了教師如何確保學(xué)生將這一資源用于學(xué)習(xí)，以及這一舉措的衍生價(jià)值：對(duì)家長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
詞匯注釋：
detention: [di5tenFEn] n. 阻止, 滯留
laptop: [5lAptCp] n. 便攜式電腦
sedimentary: [sedI5mentErI] adj. 沉淀性的;沖積成的
backpack: [5bAkpAk] n. 背包，背囊
disciplinary:[5disiplinEri] adj. 紀(jì)律的，執(zhí)行紀(jì)律的
suspension: [sEs5penFEn] n. 暫停, 中止
surplus: [5sE:plEs] n. 盈余;余款
endowment:[in5daumEnt] n. 資助，捐贈(zèng)
scale:[skeil] v. (與up, down連用)按比例逐步增加; 按比例逐步減少
unanimously: [ju(:)5nAnimEsli] adv. 全體一致地,無(wú)異議地
portal: [5pC:tEl] n. (計(jì))門戶
license: [5laIsEns] v. 準(zhǔn)許;發(fā)給執(zhí)照;批準(zhǔn)
e-commerce: 電子商務(wù)
kink: [kiNk] n. (計(jì)劃，系統(tǒng)中的)小問(wèn)題
goof off：打發(fā)時(shí)間
unauthorized: [5Qn5C:WEraizd] adj. 未被授權(quán)的, 未經(jīng)認(rèn)可的
rub off on: (感情，習(xí)慣或者某種特點(diǎn))感染，影響他人
難句突破
Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home.
主體句式：the school's … principal persuaded her board to …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這一句是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，容易造成理解困難的是hard-driving這個(gè)單詞和shake up the place這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。hard-driving用于指人的作風(fēng)“強(qiáng)硬”，shake up the place的意思是：“令這個(gè)地方震動(dòng)”，說(shuō)明這一措施非常大膽。
句子譯文：后來(lái)該校作風(fēng)強(qiáng)硬的校長(zhǎng)德洛麗斯·博爾頓說(shuō)服校董事會(huì)給每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆瞬恍〉恼饎?dòng)。
題目分析：
1. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。從文中第二段引用的一系列數(shù)字可以看出，引入筆記本電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以后，該校教育質(zhì)量有了顯著提高。所以該校的例子是為了說(shuō)明筆記本電腦有助于提高學(xué)生的成績(jī)。
2. 答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。這可以從第四段“The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students.”里得知。
3. 答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段里的shake up the place指她的提議在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆苏饎?dòng)，第二段就以具體數(shù)字說(shuō)明學(xué)生入學(xué)率增加和測(cè)試成績(jī)提高的事實(shí)。
4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上下文，work out the kink，work out的意思是“解決, 設(shè)計(jì)出, 作出, 計(jì)算出”等，最貼近的意義應(yīng)該是“問(wèn)題”。
5. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。這可以從文章最后一段“The habit is rubbing off on parents”可知。sth. rubs off on sb.的意思是“感染，影響”。下文從一句學(xué)生談及她母親上電腦班的感受”I am so proud of her”可知這種影響是積極的影響。
參考譯文
卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)位于辛辛那提州的寧?kù)o小鎮(zhèn)布盧姆菲爾德，但四年前它面臨著許多與附近哈特福德市市區(qū)學(xué)校同樣的問(wèn)題：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試成績(jī)較差，入學(xué)率連年下降，留級(jí)率居高不下。后來(lái)該校作風(fēng)強(qiáng)硬的校長(zhǎng)德洛麗斯·博爾頓說(shuō)服校董事會(huì)給每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆瞬恍〉恼饎?dòng)。此外，校董事會(huì)還為學(xué)校提供了無(wú)線上網(wǎng)的便利條件。總耗資為250萬(wàn)美元。
現(xiàn)在，在上課前一小時(shí)，圖書館里就坐滿了想要上網(wǎng)的學(xué)生。五年級(jí)教師詹在星期五的課上討論沉積巖，與此同時(shí)學(xué)生們?cè)谝粋€(gè)內(nèi)容豐富的網(wǎng)站上觀看沉積巖。下課后，坐上公交車的學(xué)生就把筆記本電腦從背包里拿出來(lái)，開(kāi)始做作業(yè)。自從有了電腦以后，學(xué)校的入學(xué)率上升了20%，留級(jí)率下降了80%。參加全州水平考試的成績(jī)也提高了35%。博爾頓這位黑人校長(zhǎng)對(duì)于能夠管理一所“黑人入學(xué)率高達(dá)90%，教育質(zhì)量領(lǐng)先的學(xué)校”感到自豪。
的確，緬因州和紐約市的農(nóng)村地區(qū)的學(xué)校都很渴望采用卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)的做法。州長(zhǎng)安格斯·金已經(jīng)提議從意外增加的預(yù)算盈余中撥出500萬(wàn)美元給所有緬因州17000名七年級(jí)學(xué)生---以及每年秋季升入七年級(jí)的新生購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦。這些資金將會(huì)形成一種專門幫助購(gòu)置電腦的永久資助。這一計(jì)劃最終在和立法機(jī)關(guān)達(dá)成的妥協(xié)意見(jiàn)中被減少到300萬(wàn)美元，本周將對(duì)這一計(jì)劃進(jìn)行投票表決。
出于同樣的想法，紐約市教育局在4月12日一致投票同意創(chuàng)建一個(gè)學(xué)?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)門戶，其收益將通過(guò)銷售廣告和特許電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站的方式獲得。這一門戶還能為城里的110萬(wàn)公辦中學(xué)的學(xué)生提供電子郵件服務(wù)。門戶利潤(rùn)將被用來(lái)給該教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)87000名四年級(jí)學(xué)生每人購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦。在九年之內(nèi)，所有四年級(jí)和更高年級(jí)的學(xué)生都將擁有他們自己的電腦。
在布盧姆菲爾德，校董事會(huì)正在尋求聯(lián)邦津貼以使筆記本電腦項(xiàng)目也能覆蓋到中學(xué)生。與此同時(shí)，操作指南的大部分內(nèi)容也已經(jīng)做出來(lái)了。一些學(xué)生曾經(jīng)用電腦訪問(wèn)未授權(quán)網(wǎng)站來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)間。不過(guò)教師可以跟蹤學(xué)生的網(wǎng)上活動(dòng)并對(duì)他們進(jìn)行限制。“最糟糕的就是他們讓你無(wú)法訪問(wèn)這些網(wǎng)站，”八年級(jí)優(yōu)秀生杰米·巴塞爾說(shuō)。“你經(jīng)歷的是筆記本電腦上的撤退。”這種習(xí)慣還能對(duì)家長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生影響。“我教媽媽使用電子郵件，”另一位八年級(jí)學(xué)生凱瑟琳·海珀萊特說(shuō)道。“現(xiàn)在她正在學(xué)習(xí)電腦課程。我真為她驕傲!”
看過(guò)考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析的人還看了：
.4 million to million for the Troops to Teachers program, which places veterans who want to teach in public schools. The program makes use of people like Arthur Moore, who retired in 1994 after 21 years in the Army and knew he wanted to teach. "There are a lot of people who would make excellent teachers but are discouraged by the bureaucracy of the certification process," says Moore, 45, who began teaching fourth grade in Baltimore and now tests students for special education. "Troops to Teachers is an excellent way to tap their potential by lowering the barriers." Bush would also expand loan forgiveness for math and science majors who teach in needy schools.Gore's plan, endorsed by the teachers' unions, would spend billion over 10 years to help recruit 1 million new teachers, with provisions for college aid, loan forgiveness and signing bonuses. Gore would spend an additional billion to provide raises of as much as ,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as ,000 each to teachers certified by a national board. Gore would also require states to ensure that all new teachers pass rigorous assessments. Says Feistritzer: "Gore's proposal might be a little excessive in the number of teachers he wants to recruit, but his teacher testing is exactly what we need."
~~~~~~~~
By Rebecca Winters Time; 11/06/2000, Vol. 156 Issue 19, p88, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自Time;11/06/2000, p88, 2/3p, 1c
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2005年真題text 1第一題(1)，2001年真題text 4第2題(2)和第3題(4)，text 3第1題(5)和第2題(3)
1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.
[A] quoting the Teach of the Year
[B] citing an example
[C] making an assumption
[D] posing a contrast
2.According to Emily Feistritzer, Bush’s plan might_________.
[A] be handicapped by the states
[B] give the states too much freedom
[C] help states recruit more teachers
[D] be too flexible
3.The basic problem many veterans encounter when they seek the teaching profession is _____.
[A] their lack of training and experience
[B] their background
[C] that they do not have the making of a teacher
[D] the barriers in the certification process
4.From paragraph 4 we can infer that__________.
[A] Gore’s plan is better than Bush’s plan
[B] poor districts will receive more funding from Gore’s plan
[C] Gore’s plan focuses on the number of teachers while Bush’s plan on the accountability
[D] Gore’s plan gives qualified teacher generous paycheck
5.What is the passage mainly about?
[A] The competition between Bush and Gore.
[B] Two presidential candidates’ plans of teacher training, recruitment and rewarding.
[C] The increasing importance of the teaching profession.
[D] The differences between Bush’s plan and that of Gore’s.
答案：C A D D B
篇章剖析：
本篇文章是說(shuō)明文，介紹了兩位總統(tǒng)候選人布什和戈?duì)柛髯缘慕處熣心己团嘤?xùn)計(jì)劃。第一段提出了兩位候選人的一個(gè)共同之處：想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師。第二段介紹了布什的新基金計(jì)劃;第三段介紹了布什的“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃;第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕慕處熣心己驮u(píng)估方案。
詞匯注釋：
candidate: [5kAndidit] n. 候選人
recruit: [ri5kru:t] v. 吸收(新成員);招募
accountability: [E7kauntE5biliti] n. 有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)
bureaucracy: [bjJ5rRkrEsI] n. 官僚, 官僚作風(fēng), 官僚機(jī)構(gòu)
certification: [sE:tIfI5keIF(E)n] n. 證明，證明書;合格證
tap: [tAp] v. 開(kāi)發(fā);利用
endorse: [in5dC:s] v. 支持，核準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn)或給予支持，尤以公開(kāi)聲明形式;核準(zhǔn)
forgiveness: [fE5^IvnIs] n. 免除(債務(wù)等)
bonus: [5bEunEs] n. 紅利;獎(jiǎng)金;額外津貼
rigorous: [5ri^ErEs] adj. 嚴(yán)格的, 嚴(yán)厲的
excessive: [ik5sesiv] adj. 過(guò)多的, 過(guò)分的
難句突破
Gore would spend an additional billion to provide raises of as much as ,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as ,000 each to teachers certified by a national board
主體句式：Gore would spend an additional billion.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，不定式to provide raises ….作整個(gè)句子的目的狀語(yǔ)，其中包含了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾districts，介詞plus引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾這個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)。
句子譯文：此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。
題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題?？梢詮牡谝痪湓抴ould agree看出。would是一種虛擬用法，表明這是作者的一種假想。
2. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上下文，布什的計(jì)劃類似于里根的計(jì)劃，當(dāng)時(shí)錢撥到了各州，但最后都不知去向。Emily Feistritzer擔(dān)心如果各州可以按照自己認(rèn)為適合的方式動(dòng)用這筆資金的話，這筆錢將不被用于最初的目的。也就是說(shuō)布什的計(jì)劃會(huì)在州里執(zhí)行不力。
3. 答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。這一題的答案在文中第三段，退伍老兵Moore說(shuō)許多本來(lái)可成為優(yōu)秀教師的退伍軍人卻因?yàn)閠he bureaucracy of the certification process而受阻。
4. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。這可以從獲得全國(guó)教育委員會(huì)認(rèn)證的教師每人還可以得到1萬(wàn)美元的提議中看出。
5. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。判斷文章的主旨。文章第一段借用Whirry之口來(lái)說(shuō)明兩位總統(tǒng)候選人都在積極推動(dòng)對(duì)教師的招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策。接著在第二段和第三段介紹了布什的兩個(gè)計(jì)劃，第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃，這些計(jì)劃都與招募，培訓(xùn)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策有關(guān)。所以應(yīng)該是B。
參考譯文：
喬治·W·布什和阿爾·戈?duì)栆苍S會(huì)一致同意這樣一種說(shuō)法：我們的學(xué)校需要更多像瑪麗蓮·威爾瑞斯這樣的老師。在過(guò)去35年中，威爾瑞斯一直鼓勵(lì)中學(xué)生深入思考偉大文學(xué)作品的意義并在自己的寫作中運(yùn)用其中的一些創(chuàng)作手法。她是那種學(xué)生幾十年后依舊會(huì)回到她在加州曼哈頓海灘的教室來(lái)拜訪她的老師。去年五月，一個(gè)全國(guó)教師組織將她評(píng)為“年度教師”。現(xiàn)在全國(guó)公立學(xué)校計(jì)劃在未來(lái)十年招聘250萬(wàn)新教師，威爾瑞斯對(duì)于每位總統(tǒng)候選人都想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師的做法感到非常鼓舞。“他們兩人都談到了教師素質(zhì)的問(wèn)題”，她說(shuō)。“現(xiàn)在正是我們的大好時(shí)機(jī)。”
布什計(jì)劃把大部分用于職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和縮小課堂規(guī)模的現(xiàn)有聯(lián)邦基金和一個(gè)用于教師培訓(xùn)和招募的新基金合在一起，再給這比新資金每年追加4億美元。布什允許各州根據(jù)自己認(rèn)為合適的情況支配這筆基金---前提是他們必須建立教師責(zé)任制制度。這與羅納德·里根在1980年代所做的類似。不過(guò)那時(shí)，教育信息中心主席埃米莉·費(fèi)斯特里澤說(shuō)到：“錢都不知去向。”對(duì)于布什的的計(jì)劃，她說(shuō)：“我擔(dān)心資金到了州里會(huì)被挪作他用。”
布什打算將用于“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃的資金投入從240萬(wàn)美元增加到3000萬(wàn)美元。該計(jì)劃把那些想教書的退伍軍人安置在公立學(xué)校，并任用像阿瑟·摩爾這樣的人。阿瑟·摩爾在軍中服役21年后于1994年退役。他知道自己想教書。“很多人本來(lái)可以成為出色的教師，但由于認(rèn)證過(guò)程中的官僚主義而受阻。”現(xiàn)年45歲的摩爾說(shuō)道。他最初在巴爾的摩教四年級(jí)學(xué)生，現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)給接受特殊教育的學(xué)生做測(cè)試工作。“‘軍人當(dāng)教師’計(jì)劃可以降低門檻，激發(fā)退役軍人的潛能，是非常好的計(jì)劃。”布什還計(jì)劃增加數(shù)學(xué)和理科專業(yè)出身，在貧困學(xué)校教書的退伍軍人的貸款免除額。
戈?duì)柕姆桨傅玫搅私處煿?huì)的支持。該方案計(jì)劃在10年內(nèi)斥資80億美元幫助招募100萬(wàn)新教師，并撥款為大學(xué)提供資助，實(shí)行貸款免除以及發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)金。此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。戈?duì)栠€要求各州確保所有的新教師都能通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的評(píng)估。費(fèi)斯特里澤說(shuō)：“戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃招募的教師人數(shù)也許有點(diǎn)多，但他的教師測(cè)試提案正是我們所需要的。”
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：YES, YOUR RACE STILL MATTERS
As students primp and preen to wow their favorite colleges, there's one characteristic they can't control: their race. That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-actio
n efforts these days. But make no mistake: race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.
In Texas, public universities have managed to counteract the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the school's minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges counselors from high schools with large minority populations to nominate qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 predominantly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1,296 students are black. Siler went bearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said, "I'm pleased I got two."
Rice has also resorted to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant's race. But a new essay question asks about each student's "background" and "cultural traditions." When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences" and what they awkwardly call "overcome students," who have triumphed over hardship.
Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she lagged far behind most accepted applicants. But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. "All the newspapers say affirmative action is done," says a veteran counselor at a large New York City high school. "But nothing has changed. I have a [minority] kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s."
While minority admissions at the University of California system overall have dipped only slightly since a ban on affirmative action took effect in 1998, they have plummeted at the most selective campuses. At Berkeley, for example, the class entering this fall included 608 Chicano students, vs. 1,013 in 1997. In response, the elite schools have moved aggressively to recruit at minority high schools--and even to improve the performance of students who are graduating from them. This year the U.C. system will spend 0 million on outreach, from installing tutors at low-income schools to inviting high school teachers to summer calculus seminars.
By Amanda Ripley Reported by Flora Tartakovsky and David Nordan Time; 10/23/2000, Vol. 156 Issue 17, p77, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自Time;10/23/2000, p77;
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2001年真題text 2和2002年真題text 2第2題(5)
1.Affirmative action is something ___________.
[A] that guarantees students of different races to be admitted equally
[B] American citizens fight against because it discriminates minority students
[C] colleges take to give preference to minority students in college admission
[D] favored by American colleges yet unpopular with American public
2.Rice University sent two recruiters to find minority applicants because _________.
[A] Rice wanted to maintain minority enrollment
[B] minority students have better school performance
[C] Rice has a large minority population
[D] Rice is famous for admitting minority students
3.The writer mentioned Rice’s some comic end-runs around the spirit of the law to show
that_____________.
[A] Rice abides by the law strictly
[B] Rice deals with students in a comic way
[C] Rice prefers minority students
[D] Rice has its own ways of dealing with the law
4.It seems that minority students _________.
[A] are still benefiting from affirmative action
[B] have lower SAT scores
[C] are often admitted by universities because they have unique racial experience
[D] lag far behind than other students in school performance
5.The word “plummeted” (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_________.
[A] doubled
[B] risen
[C] stayed the same
[D] decreased
答案：C A D A D
篇章剖析
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了各大學(xué)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)不允許在招生中照顧少數(shù)族裔的法律的。在第一段作者指出雖然一些州規(guī)定在大學(xué)招生中照顧某些種族的政策為非法，但學(xué)生的種族身份仍然很重要。第二段介紹了德克薩斯州公立大學(xué)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略和私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)付這一情況的辦法。第三段介紹了萊斯大學(xué)所采用的迂回策略。第四段以兩個(gè)例子說(shuō)明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生即使SAT成績(jī)不高也能上名牌大學(xué)。最后一段介紹了加利福尼亞禁止平權(quán)措施帶來(lái)的影響以及加利福尼亞大學(xué)為了克服這些不利影響所作的努力。
詞匯注釋：
primp: [primp] v. 梳理(頭發(fā))，打扮
preen: [pri:n] v. 把(自己)打扮漂亮
wow: [wau] v. 激起熱烈贊揚(yáng), 使驚嘆, 使佩服
affirmative-action: 平權(quán)措施
counteract: [7kauntE5rAkt] v. 抵抗;抵制;消除，抵消
enrollment: [in5rEulmEnt] n. 登記, 注冊(cè), 入學(xué)
counselor: [5kaunsElE] n. 顧問(wèn)
nominate: [5nCmineit] v. 提名, 推薦
predominantly: [pri5dCminEntli] adv. 主要地，占優(yōu)勢(shì)地
Hispanic: [his5pAnik] adj. 西班牙的
literature: [5litEritFE] n. 印刷品
resort: [ri5zC:t] v. 求助, 訴諸, 采取(某種手段等)
end-run: 迂回
diverse: [dai5vE:s] adj. 不同的, 變化多的
SAT: 學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)指代(美國(guó))學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)試的一種標(biāo)志
numerically: [nju(:)5merikEli] adv. 用數(shù)字, 在數(shù)字上
recommendation: [7rekEmen5deiFEn] n. 推薦信
discrimination: [dis7krimi5neiFEn] n. 歧視
veteran: [5vetErEn] n. 老手, 富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人
dip: [dip] v. (短時(shí)間)降下一點(diǎn)，降低一些
plummet: [5plQmit] v. 驟降，爆跌突然和大幅度地降低
Chicano: [tFi:`kB:nEJ] adj. <美>n.奇卡諾人(指墨西哥裔美國(guó)人或在美國(guó)的講西班牙語(yǔ)的拉丁美洲人后裔)
outreach: [aut5ri:tF] n. 擴(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目;有系統(tǒng)地嘗試向一團(tuán)體的特別部門提供超常規(guī)的服務(wù)
calculus: [5kAlkjulEs] n. 微積分學(xué)
seminar: [5seminB:] n. 研究會(huì), 討論發(fā)表會(huì)
難句突破:
That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-action efforts these days.
主體句式That’s one reason…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，reason后面的成分是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)從句里又包含了一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示對(duì)照。文中比較難的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)是play down和affirmative-action。“play down”的意思是“降低，減少”，而“affirmative action”指的是美國(guó)大學(xué)為了保證少數(shù)族裔的受教育機(jī)會(huì)而采取的照顧政策，稱為“平權(quán)措施”。
句子譯文：正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)法案方面的努力。
題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的上下文，美國(guó)六個(gè)州制定法律，規(guī)定“racial preferences in college admissions”為非法，繼而說(shuō)美國(guó)的學(xué)校為了免于訴訟就減少了“affirmation action”的努力，可見(jiàn)“affirmation action”應(yīng)該是指在大學(xué)入學(xué)方面給與少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的照顧政策。
2. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第四行講述了Rice University不得不重新制定策略“to maintain the school’s minority enrollment”，下面派招生員到各處招收少數(shù)族裔申請(qǐng)者則是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的的一個(gè)方式?？梢?jiàn)答案是A。
3. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章第二段提到Rice University為了應(yīng)對(duì)新法律不得不重新制定策略來(lái)保證學(xué)校少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生入學(xué)。接著在第三段中舉了三個(gè)根法律玩擦邊球的例子：把原來(lái)給墨西哥裔學(xué)生的年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金變成給西班牙語(yǔ)流利的學(xué)生(墨西哥裔學(xué)生的母語(yǔ)多位西班牙語(yǔ));雖然不知道申請(qǐng)人的種族，但申請(qǐng)者要回答的論文問(wèn)題卻是“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”，而且招生人員看重的是“不同的體驗(yàn)”和“克服困難”的學(xué)生(少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生通過(guò)回答這些問(wèn)題就可以輕易地讓招生人員把他們挑出來(lái))?？梢?jiàn)Rice大學(xué)自有一套對(duì)付法律的辦法。
4. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。第四段舉了兩個(gè)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試成績(jī)不高但依然被錄取的少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的例子，接著引用一位中學(xué)顧問(wèn)的話：“所有的報(bào)紙都說(shuō)平權(quán)措施(affirmative action)要過(guò)時(shí)了，但一切都是老樣子。”來(lái)說(shuō)明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生依然從平權(quán)措施中受益。
5. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個(gè)詞的意思可以從下文中給出的例子猜測(cè)出來(lái)。文中說(shuō)：以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人?？梢?jiàn)少數(shù)族裔的入學(xué)人數(shù)是大幅下降了。
參考譯文：
當(dāng)學(xué)生們?yōu)榱私o自己喜愛(ài)的學(xué)校留下好印象而打扮修飾的時(shí)候，有一點(diǎn)卻是他們無(wú)法控制的：那就是他們的種族身份。正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)措施方面的努力。但別弄錯(cuò)了：種族身份仍然很重要。到底有多重要?jiǎng)t因?qū)W校和州而異。
在德克薩斯州，公立大學(xué)通過(guò)自動(dòng)錄取各個(gè)中學(xué)畢業(yè)班成績(jī)?cè)谇?0%的學(xué)生，包括那些以少數(shù)族裔為主的學(xué)校的學(xué)生來(lái)抵消禁止照顧某些種族所產(chǎn)生的影響。但休斯敦的私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生的挑選比較嚴(yán)格，因而不得不重新制定其招生方針以保持學(xué)校少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的入學(xué)情況。每年二月，80到90名黑人，西班牙裔和印第安人兒童會(huì)免費(fèi)參觀萊斯。萊斯鼓勵(lì)少數(shù)民族學(xué)生較多的中學(xué)的顧問(wèn)提名合格的學(xué)生。今年秋季，萊斯還派了兩名招生員到外地尋找少數(shù)族裔的申請(qǐng)人;每一名招生員走訪了將近80所以黑人和西班牙裔學(xué)生為主的中學(xué)。兩星期前，萊斯的招生員塔瑪拉·塞勒順便走訪了亞特蘭大市的西湖中學(xué)，該校1296名學(xué)生中99%都是黑人。塞勒帶著印刷品和建議去到那所學(xué)校，雖然只有兩個(gè)孩子露面，她仍然說(shuō)：“我很高興我招到了兩個(gè)”
萊斯大學(xué)還采取了一些可笑的迂回手段來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這條法律。 這所大學(xué)以前每年都會(huì)給一位墨西哥裔美國(guó)學(xué)生授予年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金;現(xiàn)在的要求則是能夠說(shuō)一口流利的西班牙語(yǔ)。招生官員再也無(wú)從知道申請(qǐng)人的種族身份。但一個(gè)新的考試題目問(wèn)及每個(gè)學(xué)生的“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”。當(dāng)萊斯的官員閱讀申請(qǐng)書的時(shí)候，他們尋找的是“不同的生活體驗(yàn)”以及被他們笨拙地稱為“克困學(xué)生”的那些成功克服困難的學(xué)生。
去年春天，閱讀招生信息的讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)學(xué)生的SAT(學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn))成績(jī)低于1200分，而且她也不在班里的前10%之列。如果按排序的話，她比大部分已經(jīng)被接受的申請(qǐng)人的成績(jī)要差很多。但她的論文和推薦信表明她對(duì)于民權(quán)有著濃厚的興趣，而且還親身經(jīng)歷過(guò)種族歧視。最后她被錄取了。“所有的報(bào)紙都說(shuō)平權(quán)措施要過(guò)時(shí)了，”來(lái)自一所規(guī)模較大的紐約市中學(xué)的一位資深顧問(wèn)說(shuō)道。“但一切都是老樣子。我知道一個(gè)[少數(shù)族裔]學(xué)生上了耶魯，SAT成績(jī)也就900多分。”
自從1998年開(kāi)始禁止平權(quán)措施以來(lái)，加利福尼亞大學(xué)少數(shù)族裔的整體錄取情況只是略有下降，盡管如此，他們?cè)谔蕴矢叩男^(qū)卻下降較多。以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一情況，那些主力學(xué)院都開(kāi)始積極在少數(shù)民族中學(xué)招生---甚至還積極幫助那些從這類學(xué)校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。今年加利福尼亞大學(xué)將會(huì)花2.5億美元系統(tǒng)地?cái)U(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，從在低收入學(xué)校安排指導(dǎo)教師到邀請(qǐng)中學(xué)老師參加夏季微積分研討會(huì)等不一而足。
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：A LAPTOP FOR EVERY KID
More schools are convinced they're worth the cost
Carmen Arace Middle School is situated in the pastoral town of Bloomfield, Conn., but four years ago it faced many of the same challenges as inner-city sc
hools in nearby Hartford: low scores on standardized tests, dropping enrollment and high rates of detention. Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home. For good measure, the board provided wireless Internet access at school. Total cost:
英語(yǔ)類的閱讀理解，我們來(lái)看看關(guān)于考研的教育類型的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析，供大家參閱!
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：HOW TO LURE TEACHERS?
Gore says that he'd spend more to boost their pay, Bush that he'd cut through the bureaucracy
On this one point George W. Bush and Al Gore would agree: our schools need
more Marilyn Whirrys. For 35 years, Whirry has inspired high school students to think deeply about great literature and to use its devices in their writing. She is the kind of teacher that students come back to visit decades later in her classroom in Manhattan Beach, Calif. Last May a national educators' group named her its Teacher of the Year. And with the nation's public schools planning to hire 2.5 million new teachers over the next decade, Whirry is excited that each presidential candidate is pushing ways to recruit, train and reward better teachers. "They're both talking about teacher quality," she says. "We have a real opportunity right now."
Bush's plan combines most existing federal funds for professional development and class-size reduction into a flexible new fund for teacher training and recruitment, and he adds $400 million a year in new money. Bush would allow states to spend the funds as they see fit--so long as they establish teacher-accountability systems. This is similar to what Ronald Reagan did in the 1980s. But then, says Emily Feistritzer, president of the Center for Education Information, "the money disappeared." Under Bush's plan, she says, "I worry that the money won't go where it's intended to once it reaches the states."
Bush would expand funding from $2.4 million to $30 million for the Troops to Teachers program, which places veterans who want to teach in public schools. The program makes use of people like Arthur Moore, who retired in 1994 after 21 years in the Army and knew he wanted to teach. "There are a lot of people who would make excellent teachers but are discouraged by the bureaucracy of the certification process," says Moore, 45, who began teaching fourth grade in Baltimore and now tests students for special education. "Troops to Teachers is an excellent way to tap their potential by lowering the barriers." Bush would also expand loan forgiveness for math and science majors who teach in needy schools.
Gore's plan, endorsed by the teachers' unions, would spend $8 billion over 10 years to help recruit 1 million new teachers, with provisions for college aid, loan forgiveness and signing bonuses. Gore would spend an additional $8 billion to provide raises of as much as $5,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as $10,000 each to teachers certified by a national board. Gore would also require states to ensure that all new teachers pass rigorous assessments. Says Feistritzer: "Gore's proposal might be a little excessive in the number of teachers he wants to recruit, but his teacher testing is exactly what we need."
~~~~~~~~
By Rebecca Winters Time; 11/06/2000, Vol. 156 Issue 19, p88, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自Time;11/06/2000, p88, 2/3p, 1c
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2005年真題text 1第一題(1)，2001年真題text 4第2題(2)和第3題(4)，text 3第1題(5)和第2題(3)
1.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by________.
[A] quoting the Teach of the Year
[B] citing an example
[C] making an assumption
[D] posing a contrast
2.According to Emily Feistritzer, Bush’s plan might_________.
[A] be handicapped by the states
[B] give the states too much freedom
[C] help states recruit more teachers
[D] be too flexible
3.The basic problem many veterans encounter when they seek the teaching profession is _____.
[A] their lack of training and experience
[B] their background
[C] that they do not have the making of a teacher
[D] the barriers in the certification process
4.From paragraph 4 we can infer that__________.
[A] Gore’s plan is better than Bush’s plan
[B] poor districts will receive more funding from Gore’s plan
[C] Gore’s plan focuses on the number of teachers while Bush’s plan on the accountability
[D] Gore’s plan gives qualified teacher generous paycheck
5.What is the passage mainly about?
[A] The competition between Bush and Gore.
[B] Two presidential candidates’ plans of teacher training, recruitment and rewarding.
[C] The increasing importance of the teaching profession.
[D] The differences between Bush’s plan and that of Gore’s.
答案：C A D D B
篇章剖析：
本篇文章是說(shuō)明文，介紹了兩位總統(tǒng)候選人布什和戈?duì)柛髯缘慕處熣心己团嘤?xùn)計(jì)劃。第一段提出了兩位候選人的一個(gè)共同之處：想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師。第二段介紹了布什的新基金計(jì)劃;第三段介紹了布什的“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃;第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕慕處熣心己驮u(píng)估方案。
詞匯注釋：
candidate: [5kAndidit] n. 候選人
recruit: [ri5kru:t] v. 吸收(新成員);招募
accountability: [E7kauntE5biliti] n. 有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)
bureaucracy: [bjJ5rRkrEsI] n. 官僚, 官僚作風(fēng), 官僚機(jī)構(gòu)
certification: [sE:tIfI5keIF(E)n] n. 證明，證明書;合格證
tap: [tAp] v. 開(kāi)發(fā);利用
endorse: [in5dC:s] v. 支持，核準(zhǔn)批準(zhǔn)或給予支持，尤以公開(kāi)聲明形式;核準(zhǔn)
forgiveness: [fE5^IvnIs] n. 免除(債務(wù)等)
bonus: [5bEunEs] n. 紅利;獎(jiǎng)金;額外津貼
rigorous: [5ri^ErEs] adj. 嚴(yán)格的, 嚴(yán)厲的
excessive: [ik5sesiv] adj. 過(guò)多的, 過(guò)分的
難句突破
Gore would spend an additional $8 billion to provide raises of as much as $5,000 each to teachers in poor districts that have adopted aggressive plans to improve teacher quality, plus as much as $10,000 each to teachers certified by a national board
主體句式：Gore would spend an additional $8 billion.
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，不定式to provide raises ….作整個(gè)句子的目的狀語(yǔ)，其中包含了一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾districts，介詞plus引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)伴隨狀語(yǔ)，修飾這個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)。
句子譯文：此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。
題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題?？梢詮牡谝痪湓抴ould agree看出。would是一種虛擬用法，表明這是作者的一種假想。
2. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上下文，布什的計(jì)劃類似于里根的計(jì)劃，當(dāng)時(shí)錢撥到了各州，但最后都不知去向。Emily Feistritzer擔(dān)心如果各州可以按照自己認(rèn)為適合的方式動(dòng)用這筆資金的話，這筆錢將不被用于最初的目的。也就是說(shuō)布什的計(jì)劃會(huì)在州里執(zhí)行不力。
3. 答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。這一題的答案在文中第三段，退伍老兵Moore說(shuō)許多本來(lái)可成為優(yōu)秀教師的退伍軍人卻因?yàn)閠he bureaucracy of the certification process而受阻。
4. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。這可以從獲得全國(guó)教育委員會(huì)認(rèn)證的教師每人還可以得到1萬(wàn)美元的提議中看出。
5. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。判斷文章的主旨。文章第一段借用Whirry之口來(lái)說(shuō)明兩位總統(tǒng)候選人都在積極推動(dòng)對(duì)教師的招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策。接著在第二段和第三段介紹了布什的兩個(gè)計(jì)劃，第四段介紹了戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃，這些計(jì)劃都與招募，培訓(xùn)，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)政策有關(guān)。所以應(yīng)該是B。
參考譯文：
喬治·W·布什和阿爾·戈?duì)栆苍S會(huì)一致同意這樣一種說(shuō)法：我們的學(xué)校需要更多像瑪麗蓮·威爾瑞斯這樣的老師。在過(guò)去35年中，威爾瑞斯一直鼓勵(lì)中學(xué)生深入思考偉大文學(xué)作品的意義并在自己的寫作中運(yùn)用其中的一些創(chuàng)作手法。她是那種學(xué)生幾十年后依舊會(huì)回到她在加州曼哈頓海灘的教室來(lái)拜訪她的老師。去年五月，一個(gè)全國(guó)教師組織將她評(píng)為“年度教師”?，F(xiàn)在全國(guó)公立學(xué)校計(jì)劃在未來(lái)十年招聘250萬(wàn)新教師，威爾瑞斯對(duì)于每位總統(tǒng)候選人都想方設(shè)法招募，培訓(xùn)和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀教師的做法感到非常鼓舞。“他們兩人都談到了教師素質(zhì)的問(wèn)題”，她說(shuō)。“現(xiàn)在正是我們的大好時(shí)機(jī)。”
布什計(jì)劃把大部分用于職業(yè)培訓(xùn)和縮小課堂規(guī)模的現(xiàn)有聯(lián)邦基金和一個(gè)用于教師培訓(xùn)和招募的新基金合在一起，再給這比新資金每年追加4億美元。布什允許各州根據(jù)自己認(rèn)為合適的情況支配這筆基金---前提是他們必須建立教師責(zé)任制制度。這與羅納德·里根在1980年代所做的類似。不過(guò)那時(shí)，教育信息中心主席埃米莉·費(fèi)斯特里澤說(shuō)到：“錢都不知去向。”對(duì)于布什的的計(jì)劃，她說(shuō)：“我擔(dān)心資金到了州里會(huì)被挪作他用。”
布什打算將用于“軍人當(dāng)教師”計(jì)劃的資金投入從240萬(wàn)美元增加到3000萬(wàn)美元。該計(jì)劃把那些想教書的退伍軍人安置在公立學(xué)校，并任用像阿瑟·摩爾這樣的人。阿瑟·摩爾在軍中服役21年后于1994年退役。他知道自己想教書。“很多人本來(lái)可以成為出色的教師，但由于認(rèn)證過(guò)程中的官僚主義而受阻。”現(xiàn)年45歲的摩爾說(shuō)道。他最初在巴爾的摩教四年級(jí)學(xué)生，現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)給接受特殊教育的學(xué)生做測(cè)試工作。“‘軍人當(dāng)教師’計(jì)劃可以降低門檻，激發(fā)退役軍人的潛能，是非常好的計(jì)劃。”布什還計(jì)劃增加數(shù)學(xué)和理科專業(yè)出身，在貧困學(xué)校教書的退伍軍人的貸款免除額。
戈?duì)柕姆桨傅玫搅私處煿?huì)的支持。該方案計(jì)劃在10年內(nèi)斥資80億美元幫助招募100萬(wàn)新教師，并撥款為大學(xué)提供資助，實(shí)行貸款免除以及發(fā)放獎(jiǎng)金。此外，戈?duì)栍?jì)劃再花80億美元給采取積極策略提高教師質(zhì)量的貧困地區(qū)每位教師增加5000美元工資，再加上給每位獲得國(guó)家教育委員會(huì)證書的教師10000美元。戈?duì)栠€要求各州確保所有的新教師都能通過(guò)嚴(yán)格的評(píng)估。費(fèi)斯特里澤說(shuō)：“戈?duì)柕挠?jì)劃招募的教師人數(shù)也許有點(diǎn)多，但他的教師測(cè)試提案正是我們所需要的。”
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：YES, YOUR RACE STILL MATTERS
As students primp and preen to wow their favorite colleges, there's one characteristic they can't control: their race. That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-actio
n efforts these days. But make no mistake: race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.
In Texas, public universities have managed to counteract the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the school's minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges counselors from high schools with large minority populations to nominate qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 predominantly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1,296 students are black. Siler went bearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said, "I'm pleased I got two."
Rice has also resorted to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant's race. But a new essay question asks about each student's "background" and "cultural traditions." When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences" and what they awkwardly call "overcome students," who have triumphed over hardship.
Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she lagged far behind most accepted applicants. But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. "All the newspapers say affirmative action is done," says a veteran counselor at a large New York City high school. "But nothing has changed. I have a [minority] kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s."
While minority admissions at the University of California system overall have dipped only slightly since a ban on affirmative action took effect in 1998, they have plummeted at the most selective campuses. At Berkeley, for example, the class entering this fall included 608 Chicano students, vs. 1,013 in 1997. In response, the elite schools have moved aggressively to recruit at minority high schools--and even to improve the performance of students who are graduating from them. This year the U.C. system will spend $250 million on outreach, from installing tutors at low-income schools to inviting high school teachers to summer calculus seminars.
By Amanda Ripley Reported by Flora Tartakovsky and David Nordan Time; 10/23/2000, Vol. 156 Issue 17, p77, 2/3p, 1c
注(1)：本文選自Time;10/23/2000, p77;
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2001年真題text 2和2002年真題text 2第2題(5)
1.Affirmative action is something ___________.
[A] that guarantees students of different races to be admitted equally
[B] American citizens fight against because it discriminates minority students
[C] colleges take to give preference to minority students in college admission
[D] favored by American colleges yet unpopular with American public
2.Rice University sent two recruiters to find minority applicants because _________.
[A] Rice wanted to maintain minority enrollment
[B] minority students have better school performance
[C] Rice has a large minority population
[D] Rice is famous for admitting minority students
3.The writer mentioned Rice’s some comic end-runs around the spirit of the law to show
that_____________.
[A] Rice abides by the law strictly
[B] Rice deals with students in a comic way
[C] Rice prefers minority students
[D] Rice has its own ways of dealing with the law
4.It seems that minority students _________.
[A] are still benefiting from affirmative action
[B] have lower SAT scores
[C] are often admitted by universities because they have unique racial experience
[D] lag far behind than other students in school performance
5.The word “plummeted” (Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means_________.
[A] doubled
[B] risen
[C] stayed the same
[D] decreased
答案：C A D A D
篇章剖析
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了各大學(xué)是如何應(yīng)對(duì)不允許在招生中照顧少數(shù)族裔的法律的。在第一段作者指出雖然一些州規(guī)定在大學(xué)招生中照顧某些種族的政策為非法，但學(xué)生的種族身份仍然很重要。第二段介紹了德克薩斯州公立大學(xué)的應(yīng)對(duì)策略和私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)付這一情況的辦法。第三段介紹了萊斯大學(xué)所采用的迂回策略。第四段以兩個(gè)例子說(shuō)明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生即使SAT成績(jī)不高也能上名牌大學(xué)。最后一段介紹了加利福尼亞禁止平權(quán)措施帶來(lái)的影響以及加利福尼亞大學(xué)為了克服這些不利影響所作的努力。
詞匯注釋：
primp: [primp] v. 梳理(頭發(fā))，打扮
preen: [pri:n] v. 把(自己)打扮漂亮
wow: [wau] v. 激起熱烈贊揚(yáng), 使驚嘆, 使佩服
affirmative-action: 平權(quán)措施
counteract: [7kauntE5rAkt] v. 抵抗;抵制;消除，抵消
enrollment: [in5rEulmEnt] n. 登記, 注冊(cè), 入學(xué)
counselor: [5kaunsElE] n. 顧問(wèn)
nominate: [5nCmineit] v. 提名, 推薦
predominantly: [pri5dCminEntli] adv. 主要地，占優(yōu)勢(shì)地
Hispanic: [his5pAnik] adj. 西班牙的
literature: [5litEritFE] n. 印刷品
resort: [ri5zC:t] v. 求助, 訴諸, 采取(某種手段等)
end-run: 迂回
diverse: [dai5vE:s] adj. 不同的, 變化多的
SAT: 學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn)指代(美國(guó))學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)試的一種標(biāo)志
numerically: [nju(:)5merikEli] adv. 用數(shù)字, 在數(shù)字上
recommendation: [7rekEmen5deiFEn] n. 推薦信
discrimination: [dis7krimi5neiFEn] n. 歧視
veteran: [5vetErEn] n. 老手, 富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人
dip: [dip] v. (短時(shí)間)降下一點(diǎn)，降低一些
plummet: [5plQmit] v. 驟降，爆跌突然和大幅度地降低
Chicano: [tFi:`kB:nEJ] adj. <美>n.奇卡諾人(指墨西哥裔美國(guó)人或在美國(guó)的講西班牙語(yǔ)的拉丁美洲人后裔)
outreach: [aut5ri:tF] n. 擴(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目;有系統(tǒng)地嘗試向一團(tuán)體的特別部門提供超常規(guī)的服務(wù)
calculus: [5kAlkjulEs] n. 微積分學(xué)
seminar: [5seminB:] n. 研究會(huì), 討論發(fā)表會(huì)
難句突破:
That's one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful of lawsuits, play down their affirmative-action efforts these days.
主體句式That’s one reason…
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，reason后面的成分是一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)從句里又包含了一個(gè)while引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示對(duì)照。文中比較難的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)是play down和affirmative-action。“play down”的意思是“降低，減少”，而“affirmative action”指的是美國(guó)大學(xué)為了保證少數(shù)族裔的受教育機(jī)會(huì)而采取的照顧政策，稱為“平權(quán)措施”。
句子譯文：正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)法案方面的努力。
題目分析：
1. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的上下文，美國(guó)六個(gè)州制定法律，規(guī)定“racial preferences in college admissions”為非法，繼而說(shuō)美國(guó)的學(xué)校為了免于訴訟就減少了“affirmation action”的努力，可見(jiàn)“affirmation action”應(yīng)該是指在大學(xué)入學(xué)方面給與少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的照顧政策。
2. 答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段第四行講述了Rice University不得不重新制定策略“to maintain the school’s minority enrollment”，下面派招生員到各處招收少數(shù)族裔申請(qǐng)者則是實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目的的一個(gè)方式。可見(jiàn)答案是A。
3. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。文章第二段提到Rice University為了應(yīng)對(duì)新法律不得不重新制定策略來(lái)保證學(xué)校少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生入學(xué)。接著在第三段中舉了三個(gè)根法律玩擦邊球的例子：把原來(lái)給墨西哥裔學(xué)生的年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金變成給西班牙語(yǔ)流利的學(xué)生(墨西哥裔學(xué)生的母語(yǔ)多位西班牙語(yǔ));雖然不知道申請(qǐng)人的種族，但申請(qǐng)者要回答的論文問(wèn)題卻是“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”，而且招生人員看重的是“不同的體驗(yàn)”和“克服困難”的學(xué)生(少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生通過(guò)回答這些問(wèn)題就可以輕易地讓招生人員把他們挑出來(lái))?？梢?jiàn)Rice大學(xué)自有一套對(duì)付法律的辦法。
4. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。第四段舉了兩個(gè)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試成績(jī)不高但依然被錄取的少數(shù)族裔學(xué)生的例子，接著引用一位中學(xué)顧問(wèn)的話：“所有的報(bào)紙都說(shuō)平權(quán)措施(affirmative action)要過(guò)時(shí)了，但一切都是老樣子。”來(lái)說(shuō)明少數(shù)族裔的學(xué)生依然從平權(quán)措施中受益。
5. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個(gè)詞的意思可以從下文中給出的例子猜測(cè)出來(lái)。文中說(shuō)：以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人?？梢?jiàn)少數(shù)族裔的入學(xué)人數(shù)是大幅下降了。
參考譯文：
當(dāng)學(xué)生們?yōu)榱私o自己喜愛(ài)的學(xué)校留下好印象而打扮修飾的時(shí)候，有一點(diǎn)卻是他們無(wú)法控制的：那就是他們的種族身份。正因如此，才會(huì)有六個(gè)州的選民，法庭和從政者將大學(xué)招生中的對(duì)某些種族的照顧政策宣布為非法，而其它的大學(xué)最近也因?yàn)閾?dān)心法律訴訟而減少了在實(shí)施平權(quán)措施方面的努力。但別弄錯(cuò)了：種族身份仍然很重要。到底有多重要?jiǎng)t因?qū)W校和州而異。
在德克薩斯州，公立大學(xué)通過(guò)自動(dòng)錄取各個(gè)中學(xué)畢業(yè)班成績(jī)?cè)谇?0%的學(xué)生，包括那些以少數(shù)族裔為主的學(xué)校的學(xué)生來(lái)抵消禁止照顧某些種族所產(chǎn)生的影響。但休斯敦的私立大學(xué)萊斯大學(xué)對(duì)學(xué)生的挑選比較嚴(yán)格，因而不得不重新制定其招生方針以保持學(xué)校少數(shù)民族學(xué)生的入學(xué)情況。每年二月，80到90名黑人，西班牙裔和印第安人兒童會(huì)免費(fèi)參觀萊斯。萊斯鼓勵(lì)少數(shù)民族學(xué)生較多的中學(xué)的顧問(wèn)提名合格的學(xué)生。今年秋季，萊斯還派了兩名招生員到外地尋找少數(shù)族裔的申請(qǐng)人;每一名招生員走訪了將近80所以黑人和西班牙裔學(xué)生為主的中學(xué)。兩星期前，萊斯的招生員塔瑪拉·塞勒順便走訪了亞特蘭大市的西湖中學(xué)，該校1296名學(xué)生中99%都是黑人。塞勒帶著印刷品和建議去到那所學(xué)校，雖然只有兩個(gè)孩子露面，她仍然說(shuō)：“我很高興我招到了兩個(gè)”
萊斯大學(xué)還采取了一些可笑的迂回手段來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這條法律。 這所大學(xué)以前每年都會(huì)給一位墨西哥裔美國(guó)學(xué)生授予年度獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金;現(xiàn)在的要求則是能夠說(shuō)一口流利的西班牙語(yǔ)。招生官員再也無(wú)從知道申請(qǐng)人的種族身份。但一個(gè)新的考試題目問(wèn)及每個(gè)學(xué)生的“背景”和“文化傳統(tǒng)”。當(dāng)萊斯的官員閱讀申請(qǐng)書的時(shí)候，他們尋找的是“不同的生活體驗(yàn)”以及被他們笨拙地稱為“克困學(xué)生”的那些成功克服困難的學(xué)生。
去年春天，閱讀招生信息的讀者發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)學(xué)生的SAT(學(xué)術(shù)能力測(cè)驗(yàn))成績(jī)低于1200分，而且她也不在班里的前10%之列。如果按排序的話，她比大部分已經(jīng)被接受的申請(qǐng)人的成績(jī)要差很多。但她的論文和推薦信表明她對(duì)于民權(quán)有著濃厚的興趣，而且還親身經(jīng)歷過(guò)種族歧視。最后她被錄取了。“所有的報(bào)紙都說(shuō)平權(quán)措施要過(guò)時(shí)了，”來(lái)自一所規(guī)模較大的紐約市中學(xué)的一位資深顧問(wèn)說(shuō)道。“但一切都是老樣子。我知道一個(gè)[少數(shù)族裔]學(xué)生上了耶魯，SAT成績(jī)也就900多分。”
自從1998年開(kāi)始禁止平權(quán)措施以來(lái)，加利福尼亞大學(xué)少數(shù)族裔的整體錄取情況只是略有下降，盡管如此，他們?cè)谔蕴矢叩男^(qū)卻下降較多。以伯克利為例，今年秋季入學(xué)的班級(jí)有608名奇卡諾裔學(xué)生，而在1997年，這個(gè)數(shù)字是1013人。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這一情況，那些主力學(xué)院都開(kāi)始積極在少數(shù)民族中學(xué)招生---甚至還積極幫助那些從這類學(xué)校畢業(yè)的學(xué)生提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)。今年加利福尼亞大學(xué)將會(huì)花2.5億美元系統(tǒng)地?cái)U(kuò)大服務(wù)項(xiàng)目，從在低收入學(xué)校安排指導(dǎo)教師到邀請(qǐng)中學(xué)老師參加夏季微積分研討會(huì)等不一而足。
考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析：A LAPTOP FOR EVERY KID
More schools are convinced they're worth the cost
Carmen Arace Middle School is situated in the pastoral town of Bloomfield, Conn., but four years ago it faced many of the same challenges as inner-city sc
hools in nearby Hartford: low scores on standardized tests, dropping enrollment and high rates of detention. Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home. For good measure, the board provided wireless Internet access at school. Total cost: $2.5 million.
Now, an hour before classes start, every seat in the library is taken by students eager to get online. Fifth-grade teacher Jen Friday talks about sedimentary rocks as students view them at a colorful website. After school, students on buses pull laptops from backpacks to get started on homework. Since the computers arrived, enrollment is up 20%. Disciplinary suspensions are down 80%. Scores on state achievement tests are up 35%. Bolton, who is black, is proud to run "a school with 90% black enrollment that is on the cutting edge."
Indeed, school systems in rural Maine and New York City are eager to follow Arace Middle School's example. Governor Angus King has proposed using $50 million from an unexpected budget surplus to buy a laptop for all of Maine's 17,000 seventh-graders--and for new seventh-graders each fall. The funds would create a permanent endowment whose interest would help buy the computers. The plan, scaled back to $30 million in a compromise with the legislature, is scheduled to be voted on this week.
In the same spirit, the New York City board of education voted unanimously on April 12 to create a school Internet portal, which would make money by selling ads and licensing e-commerce sites. The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students. Profits will be used to buy laptops for each of the school system's 87,000 fourth-graders. Within nine years, all students in grades 4 and higher will have their own computers.
Back in Bloomfield, the school board is seeking federal grant money to expand its laptop program to high school students. In the meantime, most of the kinks have been worked out. Some students were using their computers to goof off or visit unauthorized websites. But teachers have the ability to track where students have been on the Web and to restrict them. "That is the worst when they disable you," says eighth-grade honors student Jamie Bassell. "You go through laptop withdrawal." The habit is rubbing off on parents. "I taught my mom to use e-mail," says another eighth-grader, Katherine Hypolite. "And now she's taking computer classes. I'm so proud of her!"
~~~~~~~~
By Ellin Martens, Bloomfield Time; 05/01/2000, Vol. 155 Issue 18, p57, 2/3p, 2c
注(1)：本文選自Time;05/01/2000, p57;
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1994年真題text4(1，2，3，4題)和text3第4題(第5題);
1.The example of Carmen Arace Middle School in the text is used to ___________.
[A] show the challenges schools are faced with today
[B] prove that a school with high black enrollment can do well
[C] emphasize the importance of computers and the Internet in modern education
[D] indicate that laptops can help improve students’ school performance
2.According to the author, students in New York City’s public schools will ___________.
[A] all have their own laptops within nine years
[B] become more interested in their class activities with the application of laptop
[C] spend more time visiting unauthorized websites with the expansion of the laptop program
[D] enjoy e-mail service provided by the city’s school system in the near future.
3.By introducing the laptop program, Delore Bolton has ______________.
[A] shaken the beliefs of both teachers’ and students’
[B] witnessed a remarkable improvement in enrollment and students’ test scores
[C] found herself followers all over the country
[D] revolutionized class-room teaching in public schools
4.The word “kink” (line 2, paragraph 4) most probably means ______________.
[A] plan
[B] method
[C] problem
[D] process
5.From the passage we learn that __________________.
[A] the laptop program also has a positive influence on parents
[B] the laptop program in public schools is sponsored mainly by endowment
[C] a school Internet portal is the key to a laptop program
[D] students generally like the idea of having their online activities tracked
DDBCA
篇章剖析：
本篇文章是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了美國(guó)的一些學(xué)校給學(xué)校師生配置筆記本電腦，引入網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)的情況。文章一開(kāi)始就引用卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)在引入筆記本電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)之后發(fā)生的積極變化，以此說(shuō)明這種做法值得嘗試。接下來(lái)在第三段和第四段介紹了緬因州和紐約市的類似做法。最后一段介紹了教師如何確保學(xué)生將這一資源用于學(xué)習(xí)，以及這一舉措的衍生價(jià)值：對(duì)家長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
詞匯注釋：
detention: [di5tenFEn] n. 阻止, 滯留
laptop: [5lAptCp] n. 便攜式電腦
sedimentary: [sedI5mentErI] adj. 沉淀性的;沖積成的
backpack: [5bAkpAk] n. 背包，背囊
disciplinary:[5disiplinEri] adj. 紀(jì)律的，執(zhí)行紀(jì)律的
suspension: [sEs5penFEn] n. 暫停, 中止
surplus: [5sE:plEs] n. 盈余;余款
endowment:[in5daumEnt] n. 資助，捐贈(zèng)
scale:[skeil] v. (與up, down連用)按比例逐步增加; 按比例逐步減少
unanimously: [ju(:)5nAnimEsli] adv. 全體一致地,無(wú)異議地
portal: [5pC:tEl] n. (計(jì))門戶
license: [5laIsEns] v. 準(zhǔn)許;發(fā)給執(zhí)照;批準(zhǔn)
e-commerce: 電子商務(wù)
kink: [kiNk] n. (計(jì)劃，系統(tǒng)中的)小問(wèn)題
goof off：打發(fā)時(shí)間
unauthorized: [5Qn5C:WEraizd] adj. 未被授權(quán)的, 未經(jīng)認(rèn)可的
rub off on: (感情，習(xí)慣或者某種特點(diǎn))感染，影響他人
難句突破
Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home.
主體句式：the school's … principal persuaded her board to …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這一句是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，容易造成理解困難的是hard-driving這個(gè)單詞和shake up the place這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。hard-driving用于指人的作風(fēng)“強(qiáng)硬”，shake up the place的意思是：“令這個(gè)地方震動(dòng)”，說(shuō)明這一措施非常大膽。
句子譯文：后來(lái)該校作風(fēng)強(qiáng)硬的校長(zhǎng)德洛麗斯·博爾頓說(shuō)服校董事會(huì)給每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆瞬恍〉恼饎?dòng)。
題目分析：
1. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。從文中第二段引用的一系列數(shù)字可以看出，引入筆記本電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以后，該校教育質(zhì)量有了顯著提高。所以該校的例子是為了說(shuō)明筆記本電腦有助于提高學(xué)生的成績(jī)。
2. 答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。這可以從第四段“The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students.”里得知。
3. 答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段里的shake up the place指她的提議在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆苏饎?dòng)，第二段就以具體數(shù)字說(shuō)明學(xué)生入學(xué)率增加和測(cè)試成績(jī)提高的事實(shí)。
4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上下文，work out the kink，work out的意思是“解決, 設(shè)計(jì)出, 作出, 計(jì)算出”等，最貼近的意義應(yīng)該是“問(wèn)題”。
5. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。這可以從文章最后一段“The habit is rubbing off on parents”可知。sth. rubs off on sb.的意思是“感染，影響”。下文從一句學(xué)生談及她母親上電腦班的感受”I am so proud of her”可知這種影響是積極的影響。
參考譯文
卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)位于辛辛那提州的寧?kù)o小鎮(zhèn)布盧姆菲爾德，但四年前它面臨著許多與附近哈特福德市市區(qū)學(xué)校同樣的問(wèn)題：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試成績(jī)較差，入學(xué)率連年下降，留級(jí)率居高不下。后來(lái)該校作風(fēng)強(qiáng)硬的校長(zhǎng)德洛麗斯·博爾頓說(shuō)服校董事會(huì)給每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆瞬恍〉恼饎?dòng)。此外，校董事會(huì)還為學(xué)校提供了無(wú)線上網(wǎng)的便利條件?？偤馁Y為250萬(wàn)美元。
現(xiàn)在，在上課前一小時(shí)，圖書館里就坐滿了想要上網(wǎng)的學(xué)生。五年級(jí)教師詹在星期五的課上討論沉積巖，與此同時(shí)學(xué)生們?cè)谝粋€(gè)內(nèi)容豐富的網(wǎng)站上觀看沉積巖。下課后，坐上公交車的學(xué)生就把筆記本電腦從背包里拿出來(lái)，開(kāi)始做作業(yè)。自從有了電腦以后，學(xué)校的入學(xué)率上升了20%，留級(jí)率下降了80%。參加全州水平考試的成績(jī)也提高了35%。博爾頓這位黑人校長(zhǎng)對(duì)于能夠管理一所“黑人入學(xué)率高達(dá)90%，教育質(zhì)量領(lǐng)先的學(xué)校”感到自豪。
的確，緬因州和紐約市的農(nóng)村地區(qū)的學(xué)校都很渴望采用卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)的做法。州長(zhǎng)安格斯·金已經(jīng)提議從意外增加的預(yù)算盈余中撥出500萬(wàn)美元給所有緬因州17000名七年級(jí)學(xué)生---以及每年秋季升入七年級(jí)的新生購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦。這些資金將會(huì)形成一種專門幫助購(gòu)置電腦的永久資助。這一計(jì)劃最終在和立法機(jī)關(guān)達(dá)成的妥協(xié)意見(jiàn)中被減少到300萬(wàn)美元，本周將對(duì)這一計(jì)劃進(jìn)行投票表決。
出于同樣的想法，紐約市教育局在4月12日一致投票同意創(chuàng)建一個(gè)學(xué)校互聯(lián)網(wǎng)門戶，其收益將通過(guò)銷售廣告和特許電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站的方式獲得。這一門戶還能為城里的110萬(wàn)公辦中學(xué)的學(xué)生提供電子郵件服務(wù)。門戶利潤(rùn)將被用來(lái)給該教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)87000名四年級(jí)學(xué)生每人購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦。在九年之內(nèi)，所有四年級(jí)和更高年級(jí)的學(xué)生都將擁有他們自己的電腦。
在布盧姆菲爾德，校董事會(huì)正在尋求聯(lián)邦津貼以使筆記本電腦項(xiàng)目也能覆蓋到中學(xué)生。與此同時(shí)，操作指南的大部分內(nèi)容也已經(jīng)做出來(lái)了。一些學(xué)生曾經(jīng)用電腦訪問(wèn)未授權(quán)網(wǎng)站來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)間。不過(guò)教師可以跟蹤學(xué)生的網(wǎng)上活動(dòng)并對(duì)他們進(jìn)行限制。“最糟糕的就是他們讓你無(wú)法訪問(wèn)這些網(wǎng)站，”八年級(jí)優(yōu)秀生杰米·巴塞爾說(shuō)。“你經(jīng)歷的是筆記本電腦上的撤退。”這種習(xí)慣還能對(duì)家長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生影響。“我教媽媽使用電子郵件，”另一位八年級(jí)學(xué)生凱瑟琳·海珀萊特說(shuō)道。“現(xiàn)在她正在學(xué)習(xí)電腦課程。我真為她驕傲!”
看過(guò)考研英語(yǔ)教育類閱讀理解及解析的人還看了：
.5 million.Now, an hour before classes start, every seat in the library is taken by students eager to get online. Fifth-grade teacher Jen Friday talks about sedimentary rocks as students view them at a colorful website. After school, students on buses pull laptops from backpacks to get started on homework. Since the computers arrived, enrollment is up 20%. Disciplinary suspensions are down 80%. Scores on state achievement tests are up 35%. Bolton, who is black, is proud to run "a school with 90% black enrollment that is on the cutting edge."
Indeed, school systems in rural Maine and New York City are eager to follow Arace Middle School's example. Governor Angus King has proposed using million from an unexpected budget surplus to buy a laptop for all of Maine's 17,000 seventh-graders--and for new seventh-graders each fall. The funds would create a permanent endowment whose interest would help buy the computers. The plan, scaled back to million in a compromise with the legislature, is scheduled to be voted on this week.
In the same spirit, the New York City board of education voted unanimously on April 12 to create a school Internet portal, which would make money by selling ads and licensing e-commerce sites. The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students. Profits will be used to buy laptops for each of the school system's 87,000 fourth-graders. Within nine years, all students in grades 4 and higher will have their own computers.
Back in Bloomfield, the school board is seeking federal grant money to expand its laptop program to high school students. In the meantime, most of the kinks have been worked out. Some students were using their computers to goof off or visit unauthorized websites. But teachers have the ability to track where students have been on the Web and to restrict them. "That is the worst when they disable you," says eighth-grade honors student Jamie Bassell. "You go through laptop withdrawal." The habit is rubbing off on parents. "I taught my mom to use e-mail," says another eighth-grader, Katherine Hypolite. "And now she's taking computer classes. I'm so proud of her!"
~~~~~~~~
By Ellin Martens, Bloomfield Time; 05/01/2000, Vol. 155 Issue 18, p57, 2/3p, 2c
注(1)：本文選自Time;05/01/2000, p57;
注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象是1994年真題text4(1，2，3，4題)和text3第4題(第5題);
1.The example of Carmen Arace Middle School in the text is used to ___________.
[A] show the challenges schools are faced with today
[B] prove that a school with high black enrollment can do well
[C] emphasize the importance of computers and the Internet in modern education
[D] indicate that laptops can help improve students’ school performance
2.According to the author, students in New York City’s public schools will ___________.
[A] all have their own laptops within nine years
[B] become more interested in their class activities with the application of laptop
[C] spend more time visiting unauthorized websites with the expansion of the laptop program
[D] enjoy e-mail service provided by the city’s school system in the near future.
3.By introducing the laptop program, Delore Bolton has ______________.
[A] shaken the beliefs of both teachers’ and students’
[B] witnessed a remarkable improvement in enrollment and students’ test scores
[C] found herself followers all over the country
[D] revolutionized class-room teaching in public schools
4.The word “kink” (line 2, paragraph 4) most probably means ______________.
[A] plan
[B] method
[C] problem
[D] process
5.From the passage we learn that __________________.
[A] the laptop program also has a positive influence on parents
[B] the laptop program in public schools is sponsored mainly by endowment
[C] a school Internet portal is the key to a laptop program
[D] students generally like the idea of having their online activities tracked
DDBCA
篇章剖析：
本篇文章是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了美國(guó)的一些學(xué)校給學(xué)校師生配置筆記本電腦，引入網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)的情況。文章一開(kāi)始就引用卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)在引入筆記本電腦和網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)之后發(fā)生的積極變化，以此說(shuō)明這種做法值得嘗試。接下來(lái)在第三段和第四段介紹了緬因州和紐約市的類似做法。最后一段介紹了教師如何確保學(xué)生將這一資源用于學(xué)習(xí)，以及這一舉措的衍生價(jià)值：對(duì)家長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生積極的影響。
詞匯注釋：
detention: [di5tenFEn] n. 阻止, 滯留
laptop: [5lAptCp] n. 便攜式電腦
sedimentary: [sedI5mentErI] adj. 沉淀性的;沖積成的
backpack: [5bAkpAk] n. 背包，背囊
disciplinary:[5disiplinEri] adj. 紀(jì)律的，執(zhí)行紀(jì)律的
suspension: [sEs5penFEn] n. 暫停, 中止
surplus: [5sE:plEs] n. 盈余;余款
endowment:[in5daumEnt] n. 資助，捐贈(zèng)
scale:[skeil] v. (與up, down連用)按比例逐步增加; 按比例逐步減少
unanimously: [ju(:)5nAnimEsli] adv. 全體一致地,無(wú)異議地
portal: [5pC:tEl] n. (計(jì))門戶
license: [5laIsEns] v. 準(zhǔn)許;發(fā)給執(zhí)照;批準(zhǔn)
e-commerce: 電子商務(wù)
kink: [kiNk] n. (計(jì)劃，系統(tǒng)中的)小問(wèn)題
goof off：打發(fā)時(shí)間
unauthorized: [5Qn5C:WEraizd] adj. 未被授權(quán)的, 未經(jīng)認(rèn)可的
rub off on: (感情，習(xí)慣或者某種特點(diǎn))感染，影響他人
難句突破
Then the school's hard-driving principal, Delores Bolton, persuaded her board to shake up the place by buying a laptop computer for each student and teacher to use, in school and at home.
主體句式：the school's … principal persuaded her board to …
結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這一句是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，容易造成理解困難的是hard-driving這個(gè)單詞和shake up the place這個(gè)短語(yǔ)。hard-driving用于指人的作風(fēng)“強(qiáng)硬”，shake up the place的意思是：“令這個(gè)地方震動(dòng)”，說(shuō)明這一措施非常大膽。
句子譯文：后來(lái)該校作風(fēng)強(qiáng)硬的校長(zhǎng)德洛麗斯·博爾頓說(shuō)服校董事會(huì)給每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆瞬恍〉恼饎?dòng)。
題目分析：
1. 答案為D，屬推理判斷題。從文中第二段引用的一系列數(shù)字可以看出，引入筆記本電腦和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以后，該校教育質(zhì)量有了顯著提高。所以該校的例子是為了說(shuō)明筆記本電腦有助于提高學(xué)生的成績(jī)。
2. 答案為D，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。這可以從第四段“The portal will also provide e-mail service for the city's 1.1 million public school students.”里得知。
3. 答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段里的shake up the place指她的提議在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆苏饎?dòng)，第二段就以具體數(shù)字說(shuō)明學(xué)生入學(xué)率增加和測(cè)試成績(jī)提高的事實(shí)。
4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。聯(lián)系上下文，work out the kink，work out的意思是“解決, 設(shè)計(jì)出, 作出, 計(jì)算出”等，最貼近的意義應(yīng)該是“問(wèn)題”。
5. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。這可以從文章最后一段“The habit is rubbing off on parents”可知。sth. rubs off on sb.的意思是“感染，影響”。下文從一句學(xué)生談及她母親上電腦班的感受”I am so proud of her”可知這種影響是積極的影響。
參考譯文
卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)位于辛辛那提州的寧?kù)o小鎮(zhèn)布盧姆菲爾德，但四年前它面臨著許多與附近哈特福德市市區(qū)學(xué)校同樣的問(wèn)題：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試成績(jī)較差，入學(xué)率連年下降，留級(jí)率居高不下。后來(lái)該校作風(fēng)強(qiáng)硬的校長(zhǎng)德洛麗斯·博爾頓說(shuō)服校董事會(huì)給每個(gè)學(xué)生和老師購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦供他們使用，這一舉措在當(dāng)?shù)匾鹆瞬恍〉恼饎?dòng)。此外，校董事會(huì)還為學(xué)校提供了無(wú)線上網(wǎng)的便利條件?？偤馁Y為250萬(wàn)美元。
現(xiàn)在，在上課前一小時(shí)，圖書館里就坐滿了想要上網(wǎng)的學(xué)生。五年級(jí)教師詹在星期五的課上討論沉積巖，與此同時(shí)學(xué)生們?cè)谝粋€(gè)內(nèi)容豐富的網(wǎng)站上觀看沉積巖。下課后，坐上公交車的學(xué)生就把筆記本電腦從背包里拿出來(lái)，開(kāi)始做作業(yè)。自從有了電腦以后，學(xué)校的入學(xué)率上升了20%，留級(jí)率下降了80%。參加全州水平考試的成績(jī)也提高了35%。博爾頓這位黑人校長(zhǎng)對(duì)于能夠管理一所“黑人入學(xué)率高達(dá)90%，教育質(zhì)量領(lǐng)先的學(xué)校”感到自豪。
的確，緬因州和紐約市的農(nóng)村地區(qū)的學(xué)校都很渴望采用卡曼·阿雷斯中學(xué)的做法。州長(zhǎng)安格斯·金已經(jīng)提議從意外增加的預(yù)算盈余中撥出500萬(wàn)美元給所有緬因州17000名七年級(jí)學(xué)生---以及每年秋季升入七年級(jí)的新生購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦。這些資金將會(huì)形成一種專門幫助購(gòu)置電腦的永久資助。這一計(jì)劃最終在和立法機(jī)關(guān)達(dá)成的妥協(xié)意見(jiàn)中被減少到300萬(wàn)美元，本周將對(duì)這一計(jì)劃進(jìn)行投票表決。
出于同樣的想法，紐約市教育局在4月12日一致投票同意創(chuàng)建一個(gè)學(xué)?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)門戶，其收益將通過(guò)銷售廣告和特許電子商務(wù)網(wǎng)站的方式獲得。這一門戶還能為城里的110萬(wàn)公辦中學(xué)的學(xué)生提供電子郵件服務(wù)。門戶利潤(rùn)將被用來(lái)給該教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)87000名四年級(jí)學(xué)生每人購(gòu)置一臺(tái)筆記本電腦。在九年之內(nèi)，所有四年級(jí)和更高年級(jí)的學(xué)生都將擁有他們自己的電腦。
在布盧姆菲爾德，校董事會(huì)正在尋求聯(lián)邦津貼以使筆記本電腦項(xiàng)目也能覆蓋到中學(xué)生。與此同時(shí)，操作指南的大部分內(nèi)容也已經(jīng)做出來(lái)了。一些學(xué)生曾經(jīng)用電腦訪問(wèn)未授權(quán)網(wǎng)站來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)間。不過(guò)教師可以跟蹤學(xué)生的網(wǎng)上活動(dòng)并對(duì)他們進(jìn)行限制。“最糟糕的就是他們讓你無(wú)法訪問(wèn)這些網(wǎng)站，”八年級(jí)優(yōu)秀生杰米·巴塞爾說(shuō)。“你經(jīng)歷的是筆記本電腦上的撤退。”這種習(xí)慣還能對(duì)家長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生影響。“我教媽媽使用電子郵件，”另一位八年級(jí)學(xué)生凱瑟琳·海珀萊特說(shuō)道。“現(xiàn)在她正在學(xué)習(xí)電腦課程。我真為她驕傲!”
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