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　　考研英語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：OPTIONS AHOY

　　Why investors like Korean blue chips

　　DESPITE the world economic downturn, South Korea's stockmarket has this year outperformed those of all other countries bar Russia. Its composite stock pri

　　ce index (Kospi) has risen by more than 25% since January 1st. The rally, which has been driven by foreign buying, is expected to continue next year, for two reasons: encouraging economic fundamentals, and the introduction of derivatives so beloved of the world's hedge funds.

　　On January 28th next year the Korea Stock Exchange is due to introduce option contracts on the shares of seven listed companies: SK Telecom, Korea Electric Power, Korea Telecom, Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor, Pohang Iron & Steel and Kookmin Bank. And as early as July, the Financial Supervisory Commission is expected to allow investment banks to sell over-the-counter derivatives, such as equity or interest-rate swaps. Trading volume on the exchange will increase accordingly, says Lee Wonki at Merrill Lynch. Foreigners hold nearly 90 trillion won ($70 billion) of Korean shares, 37% of the market. Their slice of the trading of Kospi 200 index futures and options rose to 10% this year, from about 5% a year ago. But the Kospi index, covering 200 companies, is not the best way to hedge foreign portfolios, which are invested mainly in the seven blue-chip shares. Yet derivatives alone will not sustain Korean equities unless the economy turns around. There are signs that it has reached bottom, with real GDP estimated to have grown by at least 2.8% this year (slower than last year but higher than earlier forecasts of 2% or less). Jin Nyum, the finance minister, predicts that, although exports may suffer next year if the Japanese yen continues to fall, domestic demand and public spending will help real GDP to grow near to the country's full potential of 5%.

　　Some analysts argue that the recent market rise has been caused by investors' blind faith in bank and technology shares. The latter rallied last month, but then hesitated as Micron, an American memory-chip maker, blew hot and cold on taking a stake in or allying with Hynix, Korea's debt-laden maker of memory chips.

　　Nevertheless, the rally is likely to continue, says Koh Wonjong, of SG Securities in Seoul. That is because South Korea's industries are more diversified--into information technology, cars, shipbuilding, steel and services--than those of other Asian countries. In Taiwan, telecoms, media and technology shares account for 80% of the market.

　　The restructuring of some big companies, such as Hynix and Daewoo Motor, remains incomplete, as does bank reform. But the past four years of financial and corporate change may soon pay off. For many companies, balance-sheet problems have turned into the need to measure profits, a far more welcome task.

　　Economist; 12/22/2001, Vol. 361 Issue 8253, p86, 1/2p, 1 graph

　　詞匯注釋

　　bar prep. 除…之外

　　rally n. 重整;(市場(chǎng)價(jià)格) 回升，跌后復(fù)升;恢復(fù)健康; 振作精神;集會(huì), 大會(huì);汽車賽會(huì)

　　over-the-counter【證券】 (不通過(guò)交易所)買賣雙方直接交易的，場(chǎng)外交易的(每位買者或賣者都是經(jīng)過(guò)協(xié)議與議價(jià)來(lái)達(dá)成股票的買賣)

　　option n. 選擇權(quán), [經(jīng)]買賣的特權(quán)

　　interest-rate swap 利率掉期;利率調(diào)期

　　won [wCn] n. [sing., pl. ]圓(南北朝鮮的貨幣單位)

　　index futures 指數(shù)期貨

　　hedge n. [經(jīng)]對(duì)沖

　　blow hot and cold (on, about) 出爾反爾;三心二意; 反復(fù)無(wú)常; 拿不定主意

　　stake [steIk] n. (木頭或金屬的)柱，樁;股份;利害關(guān)系

　　have [take] a stake in sth. 與某事有利害關(guān)系，與…休戚相關(guān)

　　debt-laden 債臺(tái)高筑的

　　pay off 還清;償清;報(bào)復(fù);償還;結(jié)清工資解雇(某人);成功

　　參考譯文

　　選擇權(quán)在招手

　　為什么投資者對(duì)韓國(guó)藍(lán)籌股情有獨(dú)鐘?

　　盡管世界經(jīng)濟(jì)不景氣, 但今年南韓的股市行情卻比除俄國(guó)以外其他國(guó)家的股市都好。自1月1日以來(lái)，韓國(guó)股市的綜合股價(jià)指數(shù)(Kospi)上升了25%。因外國(guó)股東購(gòu)買股票而使韓國(guó)股市跌后復(fù)升的情況明年還有望持續(xù)下去，原因有二：它遵循令人鼓舞的經(jīng)濟(jì)基本法則;引入了為世界對(duì)沖基金所鐘愛的衍生工具。

　　明年1月28日，韓國(guó)的證券交易所就將引入以下七家上市公司股票選擇權(quán)契約：SK電信、韓國(guó)電力、韓國(guó)電信、三星電子、現(xiàn)代汽車、浦項(xiàng)鋼鐵和韓國(guó)國(guó)民銀行。7月份，預(yù)計(jì)金融監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)允許投資銀行出售場(chǎng)外衍生工具，如股權(quán)或利率調(diào)期。證券市場(chǎng)的交易額也將相應(yīng)增加, 美林集團(tuán)總裁Lee Wonki說(shuō)。外國(guó)股東持有近90兆韓圓(700億美元)的韓國(guó)股票, 占整個(gè)股市的37%。他們的綜合股價(jià)指數(shù)200期貨和選擇權(quán)的交易額從一年前的約5%上升到今年的10%。但涉及200個(gè)公司的韓國(guó)綜合股價(jià)指數(shù)不是限制外國(guó)股票投資的最好方式。

　　外國(guó)投資者的投資方向主要集中在七個(gè)藍(lán)籌股上。單衍生工具一項(xiàng)并不能支撐得起韓國(guó)的權(quán)益股本，除非經(jīng)濟(jì)明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。有跡象顯示，韓國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)已降至谷底，今年韓國(guó)真實(shí)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值估計(jì)至少增長(zhǎng)了2.8%(低于去年的水平，但高于原先預(yù)測(cè)的2%或以下)。韓國(guó)財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)陳稔預(yù)言，雖然出口明年也許會(huì)受一些損失，但如果日元繼續(xù)下跌，國(guó)內(nèi)需求和政府開支將有助于真實(shí)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值增長(zhǎng)到全國(guó)全部潛能的5%。

　　有些分析人員爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)，最近的市場(chǎng)攀高是由于投資者輕率盲目相信了銀行和科技股造成的。后者(科技股)上個(gè)月跌后復(fù)升, 但隨后又像美光科技(美國(guó)的一家內(nèi)存芯片生產(chǎn)廠家)那樣出現(xiàn)徘徊不前的局面，這使那些與現(xiàn)代(韓國(guó)債臺(tái)高筑的內(nèi)存芯片制造商)利害相關(guān)或與之結(jié)盟的投資者拿不定主意。

　　然而, 股市上升走勢(shì)可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去, 設(shè)在漢城的SG證券Koh Wonjong說(shuō)，這是因?yàn)槟享n的產(chǎn)業(yè)界比其它亞洲國(guó)家的產(chǎn)業(yè)界更具多樣化——它有信息技術(shù)、汽車、造船、鋼鐵和服務(wù)業(yè)等行業(yè)，而在臺(tái)灣，電信、媒介和技術(shù)股占了整個(gè)股市的80%。

　　對(duì)某些大公司——譬如現(xiàn)代和大宇汽車——的重組像銀行改革一樣尚不完善。但過(guò)去四年金融界和產(chǎn)業(yè)界所發(fā)生的變化不久可能會(huì)初見成效。對(duì)許多公司而言，資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表(問(wèn)題處理)法已經(jīng)成為衡量利潤(rùn)的需要，一項(xiàng)更合時(shí)宜的任務(wù)。

　　考研英語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：Clattering over a moonscape

　　The great railway revival

　　THE train was running late, but the 35 aboriginal children who had travelled for two hours through the South Australian desert to meet it did not seem to

　　mind. It was, after all, Australia’s and one of the world’s most unusual train journeys. When the Indian Pacific passenger train finally ground to a halt at Watson, a siding on Australia’s transcontinental line, the children burst into a rendition of a Spanish Christmas song, "Feliz Navidad", as Father Christmas disembarked to distribute gifts.

　　Watson is a red desert moonscape on the Nullarbor Plain at the eastern end of the world’s longest stretch of straight rail track, 478km (297 miles). This is a mere one-tenth of the 4,352km, three-day journey the train was making between Sydney on Australia’s east coast and Perth on the west coast. The Indian Pacific and its predecessors, such as the Tea and Sugar Train that took provisions to isolated outback communities, were once symbols of Australia’s conquest of its vast distances. But by the 1990s, air travel and the neglect of Australia’s railways by their federal and state-government owners almost killed the last east-west passenger train.

　　After threatening to close the loss-making Indian Pacific, the federal government in Canberra sold it and the Ghan, another outback passenger train, to Great Southern Railway (GSR), a British-owned private consortium, in 1997. GSR has now turned a first-year loss of A$20m ($15m) into a small operating profit by restoring rolling stock, hiring young, multi-skilled, non-unionised crews and re-marketing the trains to locals and tourists alike. One innovation was to send the Indian Pacific on a whistle-stop Christmas run taking gifts and music to the outback. This year’s journey, the fifth, with impromptu concerts at remote sidings by Jimmy Barnes, an Australian rock star, drew the biggest crowds so far. Broken Hill, a town in western New South Wales struggling since its big silver, lead and zinc mine started winding down, now relies on the Indian Pacific’s tourist passengers for economic lifeblood.

　　The Ghan’s revival on the north-south transcontinental line has been even more remarkable. The 65,000-plus passengers it carried through the Northern Territory in 2004 were 60% more than in the previous year. Public interest grew after the opening of a new line between Alice Springs and Darwin, allowing people to make the two-day journey from Adelaide by rail for the first time. GSR plans to double the Ghan’s frequency in 2005.

　　The railway revival still has inefficiencies to overcome. The Indian Pacific competes for space on the single track with trains that carry 80% of the freight between Australia’s east and west coasts. Though most of the line is straight and flat, speed limitations mean this is not a journey for anyone in a hurry.

　　--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　Economist; 12/18/2004, Vol. 373 Issue 8406, p54-54, 2/5p

　　注(1)：本文選自Economist; 12/18/2004, p54-54, 2/5p;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿對(duì)象2004年真題Text 1;

　　1.What was the Indian Pacific like before its selling to GSR?

　　[A]It always posed a threat to the federal government.

　　[B]It was mainly used for carrying cargos.

　　[C]It almost broke down and collapsed.

　　[D]It helped Australia conquer its vast land.

　　2.Which of the following is not true about “the Indian Pacific”?

　　[A]It was not popular with passengers with its low speed.

　　[B]It used to be a symbol of Australia’s conquest of its vast distance.

　　[C]It almost disappeared because of the air travel and the neglect of Australia’s railway.

　　[D]Many ways have been adopted to revive it.

　　3.The main idea of paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 is that __________.

　　[A]what is the use of reviving the railway

　　[B]what effect the revival of the railway has brought about

　　[C]how to deal with the difficulties in the development of railway

　　[D]how the measures are adopted to revive the collapsing railways

　　4.What benefit can the revival of the railway bring to some remote and rural area?

　　[A]It can bring happiness to the children there.

　　[B]It can help develop the economy.

　　[C]It can lessen the burden of the government.

　　[D]It can bring a lot of job opportunities.

　　5.What difficulty is the Indian Pacific facing today?

　　[A]The train goes so slowly that many people will not take it.

　　[B]The space for developing the Indian Pacific is not large enough.

　　[C]The frequency of using the single track line is low.

　　[D]Carrying passengers is less profitable than carrying the freight.

　　答案：CADBC

　　篇章剖析

　　本文介紹了澳大利亞一些通往內(nèi)地的乘客列車由于某些原因幾乎陷入關(guān)閉的境地，現(xiàn)在澳大利亞正在掀起復(fù)興鐵路的熱潮。第一段介紹了世界上最不尋常的一次火車旅行;第二段指出曾一度是澳大利亞征服這片遼闊疆域的標(biāo)志的列車它們現(xiàn)在的境遇;第三段和第四段指出復(fù)興這些鐵路所采取的措施;第五段指出這些列車所面臨的一些問(wèn)題。

　　詞匯注釋

　　clatter vi, vt. 發(fā)出得得、卡嗒、丁當(dāng)、嘩啦啦、格格等響聲;嘁嘁喳喳講話;(車輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí))發(fā)出急促的敲擊聲

　　moonscape n. 月的表面(景色);月面似的荒涼景色

　　grind vi. 磨, 碾, 研; 磨碎[光、快];磨擦得嘎嘎響;刻苦用功

　　siding [5saidiN] n. (=sidetrack)(鐵路)旁軌, 岔道, 側(cè)線

　　transcontinental adj. 橫貫大陸的, 大陸那邊的, <主加拿大>橫穿大路的列車(或鐵路)

　　rendition [ren5dIF(E)n] n.表演, 演唱, 翻譯

　　Nullarbor [`nQlEbR:(r)] Plain 納勒博平原[澳大利亞西南部](火箭制造基地和試驗(yàn)場(chǎng))

　　Perth 珀斯(也譯佩思)(澳大利亞西南一城市)

　　predecessor [5pri:dIsesE(r); (?@) 5predEsesEr] n.前輩, 前任, (被取代的)原有事物

　　provision [prE5vIV(E)n] n.供應(yīng), (一批)供應(yīng)品，補(bǔ)給物;預(yù)備, 防備, 規(guī)定

　　outback [5aJtbAk] n.內(nèi)地, (指澳大利亞等偏僻而人口稀少的地方)

　　neglect n. (常與of連用)疏忽;忽略;被忽略的狀況;被忽略的事實(shí)

　　the Indian Pacific, the Ghan and the Overlander, The Great Southern Railway均為澳大利亞鐵路線的名稱，分別是“印度太平洋”、“甘”、“陸地旅行” 和“大南方鐵路” 等線路。

　　distance n. 寬闊的區(qū)域，一片沒有指定界限的空間

　　rolling stock n. 機(jī)車車輛(鐵路或汽車運(yùn)輸公司的)車輛(總稱)，全部車輛

　　whistle-stop n. (AmE.) (鐵路沿線的)小鎮(zhèn);(競(jìng)選演說(shuō)旅途中的)游說(shuō);短暫停留(露面或發(fā)表簡(jiǎn)短演說(shuō))

　　run n. 短期旅行或訪問(wèn);為公共職位而進(jìn)行的競(jìng)選

　　wind [waInd] down 松開(發(fā)條) 使放松下來(lái);把(汽車玻璃)搖下;失去勢(shì)頭; 減速; 松勁，漸減能量、強(qiáng)度或范圍上漸漸減少

　　lifeblood n.生命必須的血液, 活力的源泉，命脈，生命線

　　難句突破

　　1.When the Indian Pacific passenger train finally ground to a halt at Watson, a siding on Australia’s transcontinental line, the children burst into a rendition of a Spanish Christmas song, "Feliz Navidad", as Father Christmas disembarked to distribute gifts.

　　主體句式：the children burst into a rendition of a Spanish Christmas song …

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：“when”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中“grind to a halt”的意思是“慢慢停 了下來(lái)”，“a siding on Australia’s transcontinental line”是“Watson”的同位語(yǔ);主句中詞組“burst into”的意思是“ 突然出現(xiàn)”，“Feliz Navidad”是“a Spanish Christmas song”的同位語(yǔ)，“as”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　句子譯文：當(dāng)這列印第安大西洋旅客列車終于在沃森車站——澳大利亞橫穿大路鐵路的側(cè)線——嘎的一聲停下來(lái)時(shí)，圣誕老人下車開始分發(fā)禮物，此時(shí)，這些孩子開始?xì)g快地唱起了一首西班牙圣誕節(jié)歌曲——《白色圣誕節(jié)》。

　　2.GSR has now turned a first-year loss of A$20m ($15m) into a small operating profit by restoring rolling stock, hiring young, multi-skilled, non-unionised crews and re-marketing the trains to locals and tourists alike.

　　主體句式：GSR has now turned a first-year loss of A$20m ($15m) into a small operating profit…

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，關(guān)鍵是理解介詞“by”之后所跟單詞的含義。

　　句子譯文：“大南方鐵路”采取了一系列整頓措施，包括修復(fù)機(jī)車車輛、雇傭年輕、具備多種技能、未參加工會(huì)的乘務(wù)人員、向當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈吐糜握咧匦逻M(jìn)行市場(chǎng)宣傳等。通過(guò)這些措施，它不僅初步扭轉(zhuǎn)了虧損局面，填補(bǔ)了高達(dá)2千萬(wàn)澳元(1.5千萬(wàn)美元)的第一年虧損額，還獲得少量營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)。

　　題目分析

　　1.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“But by the 1990s, air travel and the neglect of Australia’s railways by their federal and state-government owners almost killed the last east-west passenger train.”

　　2.答案為A，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是“speed limitations mean this is not a journey for anyone in a hurry.”。列車實(shí)行的限速意味著這條線路對(duì)于有緊急公務(wù)在身的乘客并不適合，并不是針對(duì)所有乘客。

　　3.答案為D ，屬主旨大意題。第三段和第四段主要指出為復(fù)興這些鐵路所做出的努力和嘗試。

　　4.答案為B，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。從句子“The Indian Pacific and its predecessors, such as the Tea and Sugar Train that took provisions to isolated outback communities, were once symbols of Australia’s conquest of its vast distances.”我們可看出這些火車都是開往偏遠(yuǎn)的內(nèi)地社區(qū)的。句子“Broken Hill, a town in western New South Wales struggling since its big silver, lead and zinc mine started winding down, now relies on the Indian Pacific’s tourist passengers for economic lifeblood.”告訴我們布羅肯希爾這個(gè)偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的小鎮(zhèn)現(xiàn)在正借“印第安號(hào)”旅行乘客的東風(fēng)大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈。

　　5.答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文對(duì)應(yīng)信息是：“The Indian Pacific competes for space on the single track with trains that carry 80% of the freight between Australia’s east and west coasts.”。

　　參考譯文

　　卡嗒卡嗒越過(guò)荒涼之地

　　偉大的鐵路復(fù)興

　　火車在晚點(diǎn)運(yùn)行, 但坐了二個(gè)小時(shí)火車穿越南澳大利亞沙漠的35個(gè)土著居民的孩子似乎對(duì)此毫不介意。這畢竟是澳大利亞也是世界上最不尋常的一次火車旅行。當(dāng)這列印第安大西洋旅客列車終于在沃森車站——澳大利亞橫穿大路鐵路的側(cè)線——嘎的一聲停下來(lái)時(shí)，圣誕老人下車開始分發(fā)禮物，此時(shí)，這些孩子開始?xì)g快地唱起了一首西班牙圣誕節(jié)歌曲——《白色圣誕節(jié)》。

　　沃森火車站是納勒博平原上一個(gè)荒涼的紅色沙漠景點(diǎn)，位于世界上最長(zhǎng)的直線鐵路(478km 或297英里)東線的末端。這僅僅是從澳大利亞?wèn)|部海岸的悉尼到西部海岸珀斯長(zhǎng)達(dá)4,352公里的三天旅程的十分之一。“印第安大西洋”和它以前的列車，如曾經(jīng)向與世隔絕的內(nèi)地社區(qū)運(yùn)送供應(yīng)物資的“茶糖列車”, 曾一度是澳大利亞征服這片遼闊疆域的標(biāo)志，但在上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代以前, 航空旅行以及包括聯(lián)邦政府和州政府在內(nèi)的鐵路所有者對(duì)澳大利亞鐵路的忽視幾乎扼殺了這條最后的橫貫東西的旅客列車線路。

　　在堪培拉聯(lián)邦政府揚(yáng)言要關(guān)閉長(zhǎng)期虧損的印第安大西洋鐵路線之后，它于1997 年把印第安大西洋線路和另一條澳洲內(nèi)地旅客列車線路——甘鐵路——賣給了一家英國(guó)人擁有的私有財(cái)團(tuán)——“大南方鐵路(GSR)”。“大南方鐵路”采取了一系列整頓措施，包括修復(fù)機(jī)車車輛、雇傭年輕、具備多種技能、未參加工會(huì)的乘務(wù)人員、向當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈吐糜握咧匦逻M(jìn)行市場(chǎng)宣傳等。通過(guò)這些措施，它不僅初步扭轉(zhuǎn)了虧損局面，填補(bǔ)了高達(dá)2千萬(wàn)澳元(1.5千萬(wàn)美元)的第一年虧損額，還獲得少量營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn)。其中一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)舉是安排“印第安大西洋號(hào)”列車沿著鐵路線做圣誕節(jié)短期宣傳訪問(wèn)，把圣誕禮物和音樂(lè)帶給澳大利亞偏僻的內(nèi)地。今年的圣誕之行是這一創(chuàng)舉的第五次出行，它帶給遙遠(yuǎn)鐵路側(cè)線各地居民的是澳大利亞搖滾明星吉米•巴尼斯出演的即興音樂(lè)會(huì)。這次宣傳訪問(wèn)吸引了成千上萬(wàn)的觀眾，觀眾人數(shù)是迄今為止最多的。布羅肯希爾是新南威爾士西部的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。自從當(dāng)?shù)氐拇笮豌y礦、鉛礦和鋅礦開采的勢(shì)頭開始下降以來(lái)，這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)一直在苦苦掙扎尋找發(fā)展出路?，F(xiàn)在，它正借“印第安號(hào)”旅行乘客的東風(fēng)大力發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)命脈。

　　甘線鐵路是南北橫貫大陸鐵路線上的一條側(cè)線，它的復(fù)興更顯得非同尋常，引人矚目。2004年，它在北領(lǐng)地承載的旅客量達(dá)到65,000多人，比上一年增加60%。自從在麗斯斯普林斯和達(dá)爾文之間新建了一條鐵路線后，人們第一次可以從阿德萊德坐火車進(jìn)行兩日游，這使公眾出游的興趣大增。2005年，“大南方鐵路”計(jì)劃將乘坐甘線列車的乘客人次增加一倍。

　　復(fù)興鐵路仍有許多效率低下的情況需要克服。印第安大西洋鐵路為唯一一條鐵路線上的空間進(jìn)行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。這條線路上的列車運(yùn)載澳大利亞?wèn)|部和西部沿海之間地區(qū)的80%貨物。盡管這條線路的大部分路段筆直平坦, 但這條線路上對(duì)列車實(shí)行的限速則意味著這條線路并不適合于緊急公務(wù)在身的乘客。

　　考研英語(yǔ)經(jīng)濟(jì)類閱讀理解及原文翻譯：Plumper

　　How does the country’s economy compare with those of the EU?

　　SOME of the concerns surrounding Turkey’s application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EU’s Council of Ministers on December 17th, are

　　economic-in particular, the country’s relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.

　　Furthermore, the country’s recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, "stunning". GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkey’s inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMF’s managing director, Rodrigo Rato, "help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economy’s resilience".

　　Resilience has not historically been the country’s economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons (along with red tape and corruption) why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment (as a percentage of GDP) is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion (whereas Ireland attracted over $25 billion in 2003, as did Brazil in every year from 1998 to 2000).

　　One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about €0.53 ($0.70). Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.

　　--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　Economist; 12/18/2004, Vol. 373 Issue 8406, p115-115, 2/5p

　　注(1)：本文選自Economist;12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p;

　　注(2)：本文習(xí)題命題模仿2004年真題text 1第1題和第3題(1，3)，2001年真題text 1第2題(2)，1999年真題text 2第2題(4)和2002年真題text 3第4題(5);

　　1.What is Turkey’s economic situation now?

　　[A] Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.

　　[B] Its inflation rate is still rising.

　　[C] Its economy grows faster than any EU member.

　　[D] Its economic resilience is very strong.

　　2.We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.

　　[A] Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members

　　[B] inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high

　　[C] Turkey’s economy will keep growing at present rate

　　[D] IMF’s economic program will help Turkey join the EU

　　3.The word “oscillated” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_________.

　　[A] fell

　　[B] climbed

　　[C] developed

　　[D] swang

　　4.Speaking of Turkey’s foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.

　　[A] it’s stock is far less than that of other countries

　　[B] it does not have much influence on Turkey’s economic progress

　　[C] steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment

　　[D] Turkey’s economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment

　　5.We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.

　　[A] foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better

　　[B] Turkey’s citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira

　　[C] the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value

　　[D] prices of goods will go up

　　答案：C B D C A

　　篇章剖析

　　本篇文章是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了土耳其的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。第一段將土耳其的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況和其他幾個(gè)歐盟新成員國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況進(jìn)行了一下對(duì)比，說(shuō)明土耳其的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況并非如人們擔(dān)心的那樣糟糕;第二段對(duì)土耳其這幾年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)情況進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要介紹;第三段說(shuō)明土耳其的經(jīng)濟(jì)缺乏彈性以及由此帶來(lái)的影響;最后一段說(shuō)明妨礙投資者的一個(gè)因素即將消失。

　　詞匯注釋

　　GDP: 國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(gross domestic product)

　　accession: [Ak5seFEn] n. 添加, 增加

　　OECD: 經(jīng)合，經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織 (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)

　　resilience: [rI5zIlIEns] n. 彈回, 有彈力, 恢復(fù)力,

　　oscillate: [5Csileit]v. 振蕩

　　electrocardiogram: [IlektrEJ5kB:dIEJ^rAm] n. .[醫(yī)]心電圖, 心動(dòng)電流圖(略作ECG)

　　inflow: [5inflEu] n. 流入, 流入物

　　deterrent: [di5tE:rEnt] n. 阻礙物

　　nought: [nC:t] n. 無(wú), 零

　　lira: [5liErE] n. 里拉

　　juggle: [5dVQ^l] v. (常與with連用)耍雜耍

　　indeterminate: [7indi5tE:minit] adj. 在程度、體積、性質(zhì)或數(shù)量上沒有準(zhǔn)確確定的

　　難句突破

　　But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 (Latvia), and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.

　　主體句式：it is not far off that…and it is much the same as..

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句，句子主體結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)并列句，在第一個(gè)并列分句里有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾new members，在第二個(gè)并列分句里有一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾Bulgaria and Romania，還有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾accession talks。

　　句子譯文：但是和2004年5月1日加入歐盟的十個(gè)新成員國(guó)之一(拉脫維亞)相比，土耳其差得并不算太遠(yuǎn)，而和本周剛剛完成加入歐盟的談判，并將在2007年1月獲得完全成員地位的兩個(gè)國(guó)家，保加利亞和羅馬尼亞相比則相差無(wú)幾。

　　題目分析

　　1. 答案為C，屬事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段，土耳其的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展“十分驚人”。接著載第二行，作者以數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明土耳其本年度第二季度的GDP增長(zhǎng)“no EU country comes close to matching”，可見其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度超過(guò)任何歐盟成員。

　　2. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“土耳其得通貨膨脹率自1972年以來(lái)首次跌進(jìn)各位數(shù)”可知，以前的通貨膨脹率都在兩位數(shù)甚至更多，是非常高的數(shù)字。

　　3. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個(gè)詞的意思可以根據(jù)文中第三段所用的明喻判斷出來(lái)。文中說(shuō)，整個(gè)1990年代，土耳其的GDP增長(zhǎng)就好像“遭受了猛烈的心臟病發(fā)作時(shí)的心電圖一樣”，可見GDP增長(zhǎng)時(shí)高時(shí)低，峰谷之間的差異較大，所以oscillated最有可能的意思就是“擺動(dòng)，震蕩”，只有A中的swang意思與之相符。

　　4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，GDP的不規(guī)律性是導(dǎo)致土耳其難以吸引外國(guó)直接投資的主要原因，可見穩(wěn)定的GDP增長(zhǎng)有助于土耳其吸引更多的外國(guó)直接投資。

　　5. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。文章在第一段和第二段介紹土耳其快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。第三段分析了過(guò)去不能吸引急需的外國(guó)直接投資的主要原因之一：經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不規(guī)律性。文章最后一段介紹了將取消妨礙外國(guó)投資者的一個(gè)因素。并在文章最末提到：“外國(guó)銀行家和投資人現(xiàn)在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串?dāng)?shù)不清的零了”。由此可見，土耳其的外國(guó)投資環(huán)境將變得更好。

　　參考譯文

　　土耳其加入歐盟的申請(qǐng)將于12月17日在歐盟部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議上進(jìn)行表決，圍繞該申請(qǐng)的一些顧慮就是經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，尤其是該國(guó)的相對(duì)貧困問(wèn)題。其人均GDP還不足2004年之前歐盟15國(guó)人均GDP的三分之一。但是和2004年5月1日加入歐盟的十個(gè)新成員國(guó)之一(拉脫維亞)相比，土耳其差得并不算太遠(yuǎn)，而和本周剛剛完成加入歐盟的談判，并將在2007年1月獲得完全成員地位的兩個(gè)國(guó)家，保加利亞和羅馬尼亞相比則相差無(wú)幾。

　　不但如此，用經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和發(fā)展組織秘書長(zhǎng)唐納德·約翰斯頓的話來(lái)說(shuō)，該國(guó)最近的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展“十分驚人”。本年度第二季度的GDP比去年增長(zhǎng)了13.4%，這樣的增長(zhǎng)速度是任何歐盟成員國(guó)都無(wú)法匹敵的。土耳其的通貨膨脹率最近剛從1972年以來(lái)首次跌進(jìn)各位數(shù)，本周該國(guó)剛剛同國(guó)際貨幣基金組織達(dá)成一項(xiàng)新的為期三年，總額100億美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)項(xiàng)目協(xié)議，按照國(guó)際貨幣基金執(zhí)行總裁羅德里戈·萊托的說(shuō)法，這一項(xiàng)目將會(huì)“幫助土耳其…把通貨膨脹率降到歐盟水平，并且增加其經(jīng)濟(jì)彈性。”

　　歷史上該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)并沒有很強(qiáng)的韌性。近期如2001年，它的GDP下降超過(guò)7%。而1994年，下降超過(guò)5%，1999年僅比5%略低。的確，在整個(gè)1990年代，該國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)就好像一次猛烈的心臟病發(fā)作的心電圖記錄那樣來(lái)回?cái)[動(dòng)。這種不規(guī)律性是導(dǎo)致該國(guó)很難吸引其急需的外國(guó)直接投資的主要原因之一(另外還有繁瑣的公事程序和腐敗)?，F(xiàn)在這類投資總額(作為GDP的一個(gè)百分點(diǎn))比1980年代的時(shí)候還要低，而每年的外資流入量很少能夠達(dá)到10億美元(愛爾蘭僅2003年一年就吸引外資超過(guò)250億美元，而巴西從1998年到2000年每年的外資流入量都達(dá)到了這個(gè)數(shù)字。)

　　從2005年1月1日起，一個(gè)妨礙外國(guó)投資者的因素將會(huì)消失。到那一天，土耳其將取消其公民自稱為百萬(wàn)富翁的權(quán)利。里拉的面值里將減少六個(gè)零;這樣，當(dāng)?shù)刎泿诺拿總€(gè)貨幣單位將和現(xiàn)在的1百萬(wàn)里拉等值---也就是0.53歐元(0.70美元)左右。商品將在一整年內(nèi)用新舊里拉同時(shí)定價(jià)，但外國(guó)銀行家和投資人現(xiàn)在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串?dāng)?shù)不清的零了。

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