中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)：名詞

　　名詞當(dāng)然是大家都很熟悉的了，我們吃的food，喝的drinks，穿的clothes 都是名詞。It is easy, right? 但是你可能被名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化、名詞作定語(yǔ)以及名詞所有格等問(wèn)題搞得糊里糊涂的，到底該怎么用呢?OK,follow me。

　　First, 名詞復(fù)數(shù)的特殊變化。

　　普通名詞的復(fù)數(shù)我們知道是直接加-s或 -es，可是偏偏有一些名詞不聽(tīng)話，變化不規(guī)則。這些小調(diào)皮是：

　　a. class, box, watch, brush等詞以 s, x, ch, sh, 結(jié)尾，復(fù)數(shù)要加-es;

　　b. story, factory 等以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的詞復(fù)數(shù)要先將-y 變成-i再加-es;

　　c. knife, wife, life等以-f 或-fe結(jié)尾的詞一般先將-f或-fe變?yōu)?v, 再加-es;

　　d. 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，末尾是"元音字母+o" 的詞加-s，我們學(xué)過(guò)的有radio,zoo。末尾是"輔音字母+o"的詞，變復(fù)數(shù)加-es。如：tomato, hero, potato，當(dāng)然其中的piano 和photo，又是一個(gè)例外，他們的結(jié)尾只能加-s。

　　e. child(children), foot(feet), tooth(teeth), mouse(mice), man(men ), woman(women )等詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化全不遵循規(guī)則。

　　注意：與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為 Germans;

　　f. deer，sheep等詞更是懶得可以，竟然單復(fù)數(shù)同形。好記好記。 people，police，cattle 等詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)，所以它們的謂語(yǔ)當(dāng)然也是復(fù)數(shù)形式，這就是集體名詞。the English，the French，the Chinese等名詞表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)，也作復(fù)數(shù)用。

　　注意：maths，politics，physics等學(xué)科名詞,雖然以-s結(jié)尾，仍為不可數(shù)名詞。還有theUnited States(美國(guó))，the United Nations(聯(lián)合國(guó))等應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。

　　別奇怪，名詞有時(shí)也可以作定語(yǔ)的。它作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。

　　a. man, woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：men　workers， women teachers。

　　b. 數(shù)詞+名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。如：a ten-mile walk十里路，two-hundred trees 兩百棵樹(shù)。

　　哇!這些問(wèn)題好復(fù)雜，我好想輕松一下。那我們就輕輕松松地面對(duì)名詞所有格問(wèn)題。

　　這里面內(nèi)容可謂少之又少，可也不能小視呦。

　　名詞所有格：

　　表示“……的”通常是在名詞的后面加-s，如：Children's day，father's shoes。但以-s結(jié)尾的名詞因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)有s了，只需加 ' 就OK了。如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有's，.則表示“分別有”。.如：John's and Mary's room(約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間);兩個(gè)名詞并列，只有一個(gè)'s，則表示"共有"。如：John and Mary's room(約翰和瑪麗共有一間)。

　　還有些無(wú)生命名詞的所屬要用介詞of來(lái)幫助一下，如：a map of China，the end of this term。

　　好，名詞部分我們已經(jīng)學(xué)完，It's a piece of cake? 接下來(lái)到了我們趁熱打鐵的時(shí)間了，

　　Are you ready?

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.

　　A. women …girls

　　B. women… girl

　　C. woman…girls

　　D. woman…girl

　　2. Mr Black is a friend of _________.

　　A. Jack's aunt's

　　B. Jack's aunt

　　C. Jack aunt's

　　D. aunt's of Jack

　　3. This toy was made by a ____ boy.

　　A. ten-year-old

　　B. ten-years-old

　　C. ten-year-older

　　D.ten-years-older

　　4. The farmer raised ten _________.

　　A. sheeps

　　B. deers

　　C. horse

　　D. cows

　　5. She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.

　　A. her grandmother

　　B. her grandmother's

　　C. her grandmothers'

　　D. that of her grandmother

　　6. We have moved into a ________.

　　A. two- storey house

　　B. house of two storey

　　C. two-storeys house

　　D. two storeys house

　　7. The ______ was too much for the child to carry.

　　A. box's steel

　　B. box of a steel

　　C. steel box

　　D. box of the steel

　　8. We'll give our English teacher a card for _________.

　　A. the Teacher's Day

　　B. Teacher's Day

　　C. a Teacher's Day

　　D. Teachers' Day

　　9. Li Ping met an old friend of _______on a train yesterday.

　　A. he

　　B. him

　　C. his

　　D. her

　　10. _________are big and bright.

　　A. The classroom window

　　B. The window of the classroom

　　C. The windows of the classroom

　　D. The classroom's windows

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)：

　　1. Don't worry. Your son will come back in ______hour.

　　A. a

　　B. an

　　C. the

　　D. /

　　2. This nice blouse isn't mine. It's ______.

　　A. you

　　B. your

　　C. Lucy

　　D. yours

　　3. What's " potato" in Chinese?　-It's _____ .

　　A. 香蕉

　　B. 大白菜

　　C. 西紅柿

　　D. 土豆

　　4. The ninth month of a year is _______.

　　A. December

　　B. November

　　C. September

　　D. October

　　5. A: Must I leave now?

　　B: No, you _______.

　　A. needn't

　　B. mustnt

　　C. don't

　　D. won't

　　6. We have a history lesson ______Wednesday afternoon.

　　A. on

　　B. of

　　C. at

　　D. to

　　7. Suan has made quite ______friends since she came to China.

　　A. few

　　B. a few

　　C. little

　　D. a little

　　8. A: Have you ever ______to the West Lake?

　　B: Yes, I ______there last winter.

　　A. gone, went

　　B. been, went

　　C. gone , have been

　　D. been, have

　　9. Do you ________English?

　　A. tell

　　B. say

　　C. talk

　　D. speak

　　10. A: May I _______your ruler?

　　B: OK, I'm glad to _______it to you.

　　A. lend, borrow

　　B. lend, lend

　　C. borrow , lend

　　D. borrow, borrow

　　11. We'll go to the museum if it _______tomorrow.

　　A. can't rain

　　B. won't rain

　　C. don't rain

　　D. doesn't rian

　　12. Do you know ________?

　　A. where does he study

　　B. he studies where

　　C. where he studies

　　D. he where studies

　　13. A: _______do you go to see your grandparents?

　　B: Once a month

　　A. How often

　　B. How long

　　C. how much

　　D. how many

　　14. A: Would you like another cup of orange?

　　B: ______I'm full.

　　A. No, thanks

　　B. Yes, please.

　　C. Here it is.

　　D. I don't like.

　　15. You must be tired. Why not ________a rest?

　　A. to stop to have

　　B. stop having

　　C. stop to have

　　D. to stop having