TED英語演講：誰有Blackberry手機
最簡易的手機是最聰慧的嗎?當(dāng)世界其他地方的人們在智能手機上更新狀態(tài)和玩游戲的時候，非洲的一群人正在開發(fā)新技術(shù)，使用短信服務(wù)來解決日常問題。新聞工作者托比·夏普沙克這樣說道。在這個令人大開眼界的演說中，夏普沙克帶領(lǐng)觀眾們探索了非洲最前沿的移動技術(shù)發(fā)明，他同時呼吁大家重新考慮我們對創(chuàng)新的臆想。下面是小編為大家收集關(guān)于TED英語演講：誰有Blackberry手機，歡迎借鑒參考。
演說者：Toby Shapshak
演講稿
Let me start by asking you a question, just with a show of hands: Who has an iPhone? Who has an Android phone? Who has a Blackberry? Who will admit in public to having a Blackberry?
在開始演說前，請讓我問你們一個問題，請舉手回答：誰有蘋果手機?誰有安卓系統(tǒng)手機?誰有黑莓手機?誰會在公眾面前承認(rèn)自己有黑莓呢?
And let me guess, how many of you, when you arrived here, like me, went and bought a pay-as-you-go SIM card? Yeah? I'll bet you didn't even know you're using African technology. Pay-as-you-go was a technology, or an idea, pioneered in Africa by a company called Vodacom a good 15 years ago, and now, like franchising, pay-as-you-go is one of the most dominant forces of economic activity in the world.
讓我猜猜，你們中有多少人在到達(dá)這里的時候，像我一樣，去購買了預(yù)付費的手機卡?我敢打賭你甚至不知道你正在使用的這項技術(shù)來自非洲。預(yù)付費手機卡這種技術(shù)，或者說這個創(chuàng)意是非洲的一個名為沃達(dá)康的公司在15年前率先使用的，現(xiàn)在，就像特許經(jīng)營一樣，預(yù)付費是全球范圍內(nèi)最主導(dǎo)的經(jīng)濟活動。
So I'm going to talk about innovation in Africa, which I think is the purest form, innovation out of necessity. But first, I'm going to ask you some other questions. You don't have to put your hands up. These are rhetorical.
所以我想要談一談在非洲的創(chuàng)新活動，我認(rèn)為這樣的創(chuàng)新活動是以一種最純粹的方式在進(jìn)行著，那就是因為要滿足需求而創(chuàng)新。但首先，我要問你一些問題。你不需要舉手。這些都只是修辭。
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Why did Nikola Tesla have to invent the alternating current that powers the lights in this building or the city that we're in?
s been my passion .
為什么尼古拉·特斯拉要發(fā)明能替代當(dāng)前電力的能源在我們居住的這棟樓或這個城市?
Why did Henry Ford have to invent the production line to produce these Fords that came in anything as long as they were black?
為什么亨利·福特要發(fā)明生產(chǎn)流水線來制造這些東西，顧客可以選擇任何顏色，只要是黑色的?(福特名言)
And why did Eric Merrifield have to invent the dolos? Blank stares. That is what a dolos looks like, and in the background, you can see Robben Island. This is a small dolos, and Eric Merrifield is the most famous inventor you've never heard of. In 1963, a storm ripped up the harbor in a small South African town called East London, and while he was watching his kids playing with toys made from oxen bones called dolosse, he had the idea for this. It's a bit like a huge jumping jack, and they have used this in every harbor in the world as a breakwater. The global shipping economy would not be possible without African technology like this.
為什么艾瑞克·梅里菲爾德要發(fā)明扭工字塊體?面無表情。這就是扭工字塊體的樣子，你可以看到背景中的是羅本島。這是小的扭工字塊體和艾瑞克·梅里菲爾德是你沒聽說過的、最著名的發(fā)明家。1963年，一場暴風(fēng)雨席卷港口在南非的一個名叫東倫敦的小鎮(zhèn)，當(dāng)他看到孩子們玩著用牛骨頭制作的叫扭工字塊的玩具，他有了靈感。它有點像一個巨大的開合跳，世界上的每個港口都用這個來搭建防波堤。沒有這樣的非洲技術(shù)，全球航運經(jīng)濟就不可能實現(xiàn)。
So whenever you talk about Africa, you have to put up this picture of the world from space, and people go, "Look, it's the Dark Continent." Actually, it isn't. What it is is a map of innovation. And it's really easy to see where innovation's going on. All the places with lots of electricity, it isn't. (Laughter) (Applause) And the reason it isn't is because everybody's watching television or playing Angry Birds.
所以每當(dāng)你談到非洲，展示這張從太空拍攝的地球圖片，人們會說，"你看，那是黑暗的大陸"實際上，它不是。這是一張創(chuàng)新地圖。你很容易就能看到創(chuàng)新的地方在哪里，它并不是那些電力充足的亮光之處。因為住在亮光之處的每個人都在看電視，或玩憤怒的小鳥。
So where it's happening is in Africa. Now, this is real innovation, not the way people have expropriated the word to talk about launching new products. This is real innovation, and I define it as problem-solving. People are solving real problems in Africa. Why? Because we have to. Because we have real problems. And when we solve real problems for people, we solve them for the rest of the world at the same time.
創(chuàng)新的地方在非洲。這才是真正的創(chuàng)新，不是人們征用“創(chuàng)新”這個詞來談?wù)撏瞥龅男庐a(chǎn)品。這是真正的創(chuàng)新，我將它定義為解決問題的創(chuàng)新。在非洲，人們在解決真正的問題。為什么呢?因為我們必須這樣做。因為我們有真正的麻煩。當(dāng)我們?yōu)槿嗣窠鉀Q實際問題的時候，我們?yōu)槭澜缙渌貐^(qū)的人們，在同一時間解決了同樣的問題。
So in California, everybody's really excited about a little square of plastic that you plug into a phone and you can swipe your credit card, and people say, "We've liberated the credit card from the point of sale terminal." Fantastic. Why do you even need a credit card? In Africa, we've been doing that for years, and we've been doing it on phones like this. This is a picture I took at a place called Kitengela, about an hour south of Nairobi, and the thing that's so remarkable about the payment system that's been pioneered in Africa called M-Pesa is that it works on phones like this. It works on every single phone possible, because it uses SMS. You can pay bills with it, you can buy your groceries, you can pay your kids' school fees, and I'm told you can even bribe customs officials. (Laughter) Something like 25 million dollars a day is transacted through M-Pesa. Forty percent of Kenya's GDP moves through M-Pesa using phones like this.
在加利福尼亞州，每個人都很興奮于一個可以插進(jìn)電話的塑料小方塊。你可以使用這個工具刷你的信用卡，人們說，"我們已經(jīng)從銷售終端解放了信用卡"。很好。但為什么你還需要一張信用卡?在非洲，我們做這個很多年了，并且我們在像這樣的手機上使用它。這是我在基坦吉拉照的一張照片，基坦吉拉位于內(nèi)羅畢南部約一小時路途處，對支付系統(tǒng)做出舉世矚目貢獻(xiàn)的是非洲率先使用的移動銀行移動銀行可以在這樣的手機上都可以使用。它適用于幾乎每個電話，因為它適用短信服務(wù)。你可以用它支付賬單，你可以用它購買食品，你可以用它支付孩子的學(xué)費，有人告訴我，你甚至可以用它賄賂海關(guān)官員。(笑聲)每天約有2500萬美金通過移動銀行交易處理。占肯尼亞國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的40%，在這樣的手機上，通過移動銀行流動。
And you think this is just a feature phone. Actually it's the smartphone of Africa. It's also a radio, and it's also a torch, and more than anything else, it has really superb battery life. Why? Because that's what we need. We have really severe energy problems in Africa. By the way, you can update Facebook and send Gmail from a phone like this.
你以為這只是一只功能手機。實際上它是非洲的智慧型手機。它也是一臺收音機，它也是一個火把，最重要的是，它有超長的電池壽命。為什么呢?因為那是我們真正需要的。在非洲我們有很嚴(yán)重的能源問題。順便說一下，用這樣的手機，你可以更新臉書，從谷歌郵箱發(fā)送郵件。
So we have found a way to use the available technology to send money via M-Pesa, which is a bit like a check system for the mobile age. I come from Johannesburg, which is a mining town. It's built on gold. This is a picture I Instagrammed earlier. And the difference today is that the gold of today is mobile. If you think about the railroad system in North America and how that worked, first came the infrastructure, then came the industry around it, the brothels -- it's a bit like the Internet today, right? — and everything else that worked with it: bars, saloons, etc. The gold of today is mobile, and mobile is the enabler that makes all of this possible.
我們找到了一種方式運用現(xiàn)有技術(shù)，通過移動銀行匯錢，這就有類似于移動時代的檢測系統(tǒng)。我來自約翰內(nèi)斯堡，這是一個采礦小鎮(zhèn)。它建立于黃金開采上。這張照片是我較早前發(fā)布的照片分享。現(xiàn)如今，區(qū)別在于，移動設(shè)備是黃金。如果你思考一下北美的鐵路系統(tǒng)以及它是如何運作的，首先想到的是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，然后是周邊的工業(yè)，妓院--它有點像今天的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，對嗎?--同與它共事的一切：酒吧、會客廳等。今天的移動設(shè)備技術(shù)就是金子，移動技術(shù)使這一切成為可能。
So what are some of the things that you can do with it? Well, this is by a guy called Bright Simons from Ghana, and what you do is you take medication, something that some people might spend their entire month's salary on, and you scratch off the code, and you send that to an SMS number, and it tells you if that is legitimate or if it's expired. Really simple, really effective, really life-saving. In Kenya, there's a service called iCow, which just sends you really important information about how to look after your dairy. The dairy business in Kenya is a $463 million business, and the difference between a subsistence farmer and an abundance farmer is only a couple of liters of milk a day. And if you can do that, you can rise out of poverty. Really simple, using a basic phone. If you don't have electricity, no problem! We'll just make it out of old bicycle parts using a windmill, as William Kamkwamba did. There's another great African that you've heard that's busy disrupting the automobile industry in the world. He's also finding a way to reinvent solar power and the electricity industry in North America, and if he's lucky, he'll get us to Mars, hopefully in my lifetime. He comes from Pretoria, the capital of [South Africa], about 50 kilometers from where I live. So back to Joburg, which is sometimes called Egoli, which means City of Gold. And not only is mobile the gold of today, I don't believe that the gold is under the ground. I believe we are the gold. Like you've heard the other economists say, we are at the point where China was when its boom years began, and that's where we're going.
你可還能做什么事情呢?嗯，這是由來自加納的布萊特·西蒙斯所發(fā)明的東西，在你吃藥之前，對某些人來說，這些藥可能花費了他們整個月的工資，你刮掉代碼，將代碼用短信發(fā)送到一個號碼，它會回復(fù)告訴你這藥品是否合法或者，是否過期。真的很簡單，真的很有效，真正能拯救生命。在肯尼亞，有一項服務(wù)名叫“iCow”，它給你發(fā)送關(guān)于如何飼養(yǎng)照顧奶牛的重要信息。在肯尼亞，乳品業(yè)是一個產(chǎn)值四億六千三百萬的行業(yè)，區(qū)別一個勉強糊口的農(nóng)民和富裕農(nóng)民的只是一天多出產(chǎn)的幾升牛奶。如果你能做到，你就可以擺脫貧困。真的很簡單，使用最基本的電話。即使你沒有電也沒問題!我們就使用舊自行車的零件制作它使用風(fēng)車，就像威廉·凱門卡巴一樣。你聽說過的另一位偉大的非洲公民忙于擾亂世界汽車行業(yè)。他也找到一種徹底改造北美太陽能和北電力工業(yè)的方法，如果他幸運的話，他會幫我們到達(dá)火星，希望那能在我有生之年完成。他來自比勒陀利亞，[南非]的首都距離我的住處約50公里。回到約翰內(nèi)斯堡的話題，約翰內(nèi)斯堡有時被稱為Egoli，意為黃金城。今天所指的黃金可不只限于移動技術(shù)，我不相信地面之下蘊藏黃金。我相信，我們就是黃金。其他經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們說過，我們正處在中國經(jīng)濟騰飛伊始的那一刻，而這正是我們前進(jìn)的方向。
So, you hear the West talk about innovation at the edge. Well, of course it's happening at the edge, because in the middle, everybody's updating Facebook, or worse still, they're trying to understand Facebook's privacy settings. (Laughter) This is not that catchy catchphrase. This is innovation over the edge.
你聽到西方總在談邊緣創(chuàng)新。嗯，當(dāng)然它發(fā)生在邊緣，因為在中間的大伙都在更新臉書，或更糟糕的是，他們想了解臉書的隱私設(shè)置。(笑聲)這不是那朗朗上口的口號。這是超越極限的創(chuàng)新。
So, people like to call Africa a mobile-first continent, but actually it's mobile-only, so while everybody else is doing all of those things, we're solving the world's problems. So there's only one thing left to say.
因此，人們喜歡稱非洲為“移動先行大陸”但實際上它是“只有移動”，所以當(dāng)別人在做所有這些事情的時候，我們在解決世界的問題。最后要說的是。
["You're welcome"]
["歡迎你"]
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