2017年3月11日托福真題解析
托福考試分為口語，聽力，閱讀，寫作四部分的。多做一些托福真題對(duì)于提升能力有幫助。下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的2017年3月11日托福真題，希望對(duì)你有用!
3月11日托?？谡Z真題
Task 1
Things always change in an unexpected way. Please describe a thing you have recently done that, ten years ago, you never imagined you would do.
Task 2
You live in a crowded city with only one green space-the city park. The government recently proposes to build a housing complex on this only green space. Do you think this is a good idea?
Task 3
閱讀
標(biāo)題：Professor should grade all students’ assignment
好處：
原因1：Professor can give more detailed and useful feedback compared with those graduate students, who might be learning themselves.
原因2：Professor can have a better understanding of students’ progress and adapt the class to students’ need.
聽力
態(tài)度：不同意
原因一： graduate students批改作業(yè)分散任務(wù)，不累。通常一個(gè)班級(jí)100多人，如果教授一個(gè)人要批改所有作業(yè)，教授會(huì)很辛苦，并且沒有那么多時(shí)間。
原因二：目前教授也能很好地了解學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度，因?yàn)榻淌诿總€(gè)星期都要和graduate students討論學(xué)生的作業(yè)情況。教授會(huì)花時(shí)間講解學(xué)生作業(yè)中出現(xiàn)的問題。
Task 4
閱讀
標(biāo)題： Fear Appeal
定義：When companies make advertisement to attract consumers, one of the strategies they adopt is called fear appeal. That is, they present some negative events or outcome people may encounter, and then provide solutions with their products or service.
聽力
例子：The professor uses a construction company’s advertisement about roof maintaining to explain fear appeal. In the advertisement, a family was at first having vacation on a beach, laughing and enjoying their vacation. But at the same time, back in their house, water leaks like rainstorm. When they get back home, they say damage everywhere. Then the voice comes: you can avoid this in advance; hire our company to check and repair your roof and you will never be worried about such thing.
Task 5
聽力
問題：The woman cannot pay her bill because she used air-conditioner in the summer too much. She didn’t expect that the fee will be so expensive. She needs to pay in three weeks.
解決方案1：She can work more hours during her part-time job at the café.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)1：She can earn enough money to pay the bill if she works on Friday.
缺點(diǎn)1：Her friends will come to visit her and she doesn’t leave her friends alone.
解決方案2：She can ask their parents for help.
優(yōu)點(diǎn)2：Her parents definitely can pay the bill and she doesn’t need to worry about the money anymore.
缺點(diǎn)2：Her parents just paid textbooks for her recently. She doesn’t want to ask too much from parents.
Task 6
聽力
話題：Plants also have sensory ability.
要點(diǎn)1：sense the odor
例子1：Vines smell odors to detect water and nutrient.
要點(diǎn)2：sense the sound
例子2：some plants can sense the sound animals make to protect themselves. When they notice animals approaching, they can emit some chemical to prevent the animals from eating them
3月11日托福聽力真題
Conversation 1
話題分類：學(xué)生和學(xué)?；顒?dòng)主管
內(nèi)容回憶：本對(duì)話是談?wù)撽P(guān)于學(xué)生活動(dòng)和校政策之間的問題。學(xué)生想和室友舉辦cooking club 但是未經(jīng)過學(xué)?；顒?dòng)中心允許，需要學(xué)生提交一封申請(qǐng)書即可，注明使用時(shí)間等細(xì)節(jié)，學(xué)校還可以免費(fèi)提供椅子，烤架桌子等需要的設(shè)施，甚至是一些配料和食材，但與此同時(shí)，學(xué)生也需要公開此消息，鼓勵(lì)其他有興趣學(xué)生加入此項(xiàng)目，學(xué)生表示正計(jì)劃中。
Conversation 2
話題分類：學(xué)生和教授
內(nèi)容回憶：學(xué)生去找professor討論關(guān)于研究考古論文的話題，學(xué)生表示對(duì)加拿大一古遺址特別感興趣，因?yàn)槟抢锸窃缙诒泵擂r(nóng)業(yè)資源開拓證據(jù)。教授并不認(rèn)為那是可行的，因?yàn)閰^(qū)域范圍很小，并且Labrador
島嶼內(nèi)和沿岸都有一樣的構(gòu)造。最后學(xué)生要求，教授幫忙給一封推薦信，表明自己對(duì)于Summer Archaeological survey非常有興趣，希望可以有機(jī)會(huì)參與。
Lecture 1
學(xué)科分類：Astronomy
標(biāo)題：科技探測太陽系周圍的星球
內(nèi)容回憶：講述幾種不同的科技探測手段，能夠幫助如何準(zhǔn)確探測和觀察太陽系周圍的星球。遠(yuǎn)在1980s還是非常困難，周圍星球因?yàn)樘^于昏暗，而且時(shí)常被隱藏，之后研究者們找到兩種可行方案，周期減少光和輕微活動(dòng)。其中自適應(yīng)光學(xué)可以捕捉到短暫而又清晰圖片，但是不夠靈活。相對(duì)于此， Vortex Chronographs(旋風(fēng)日冕儀)就能解決這個(gè)問題。
Lecture 2
學(xué)科分類： Education
標(biāo)題：兒童文學(xué)
內(nèi)容回憶：本文主要是講不同文學(xué)家對(duì)兒童文學(xué)不同定義和理解。Jaoh locker是提出兒童應(yīng)該將學(xué)習(xí)和快樂結(jié)合起來，原因是兒童天性如此，喜歡娛樂，而且自出生時(shí)，就像一張白紙，完全空白，可以通過教育經(jīng)驗(yàn)和不斷學(xué)習(xí)去改變一生。其中他也認(rèn)為童話故事其實(shí)是對(duì)于成年人更有吸引力，比如伊索寓言當(dāng)中提供了很多關(guān)于如何變得熱心和善于交友。與此同時(shí)Joh Newbery 認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)可以使人變得更加富有，提出了不一樣的兒童文學(xué)理論。
Lecture 3
學(xué)科分類： Art History
標(biāo)題：關(guān)于Albert Bierstadt不同時(shí)期的藝術(shù)解讀
內(nèi)容回憶：本文主要講述關(guān)于Albert Bierstadt對(duì)他繪畫歷史的研究和解讀，Albert對(duì)于繪畫從小就很有天賦，其母親也是為畫家，因?yàn)榻o予他很多啟示。當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)藝術(shù)有濃厚興趣后，開始學(xué)習(xí)畫畫，以及如何使用畫筆，顏料以及學(xué)習(xí)筆觸。曾經(jīng)去過美國西海案，落基山，目睹巖石破裂和移動(dòng)，并且開始素描出其畫面，也成為油畫的基礎(chǔ)。在他的畫中，會(huì)嘗試用虛擬不實(shí)際的色調(diào)，傳達(dá)出一種強(qiáng)烈渴望。甚至?xí)诋嬛惺褂霉潭ü?。類似于Last of Buffalo這些畫，這些不被大眾理解。最后教授提出，文化和時(shí)代更能成就藝術(shù)家。
Lecture 4
學(xué)科分類： Paleontology
標(biāo)題：古生物進(jìn)化
內(nèi)容回憶： 主要講述氣候?qū)τ谏镞M(jìn)化因素的影響。首先提到tiktaalik (提塔利克魚)，已滅絕，但被認(rèn)為是水生動(dòng)物和陸生動(dòng)物之間的過渡動(dòng)物，前后各兩條腿，其中的手腕和手上骨骼可以幫助證明，這是非常重要的在古生物解剖學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)中。后期由于氣候變暖，所以它可以浮上水面呼吸氧氣，同時(shí)也有利于更好發(fā)現(xiàn)捕食者。之后提到tetrapod(四足動(dòng)物)，正是由于水中氧氣質(zhì)量的下降，才導(dǎo)致這一新物種的進(jìn)化。
3月11日托福閱讀真題
Passage One
學(xué)科分類：Literature
題目：Homer and Oral Poetry
內(nèi)容回憶：
1. 早期的詩歌是被recited and sung, 而不是written. epic poems的最高成就是古希臘Homer的Iliad and Odyssey
2. Iliad和Odyssey是在750 B.C. 到720 B.C. 寫的。I比O早了幾十年，導(dǎo)致一個(gè)疑問是他們到底是不是一個(gè)人寫的。關(guān)于他們的Method也有一些爭議，既有口頭色彩的stock phrase, 也有書面文學(xué)long and complex expression. 有猜測認(rèn)為I和O不是Homer一個(gè)人寫的，而是一些無名人士搜集整理，最后成了我們現(xiàn)在看到的樣子。
3. 觀點(diǎn)發(fā)生了變化。有人認(rèn)為早期oral poem可能是一種再創(chuàng)造，不會(huì)讀寫的人也可能講出類似的詩歌，他們基于古老的故事內(nèi)容和固定的模式，通過自己的方式retell the story.
4. Homer也可能是通過這個(gè)方式。他用自己的方式recompose the poem, 從之前的傳唱故事吸收了很多固定表達(dá)，慢慢展現(xiàn)了自己的風(fēng)格，通過不停地rehearsal, ‘write’ in his mind.
5. 到底I和O是何時(shí)被written down and fossilized? 大致是接近Homer的時(shí)期。有三種理論：1. 不會(huì)讀寫的Homer口述給別人記錄下來;2. 后人Recited; 3. Homer自己是可以寫的，只不過他trained to make oral version. 不管怎樣，I和O都代表著Oral poetry的最高成就。
詞匯題：
1. culmination-high point
2. controversy-disagreement
3. anonymous-unidentified
4. exhibit-display
Passage Two
學(xué)科分類：Biology
題目：Food-Storing strategies of Squirrels
內(nèi)容回憶：
1. 精于貯藏食物是Squirrels的特征，簡單講了其中比較典型的territorial pine squirrels store cone的方式。
2. 但是tree squirrels 跟pine s不同，它們貯藏食物不在同一個(gè)地方，而是將食物分散，藏在各處。雖然這樣子做hard to defend against robbers, 但是因?yàn)榉稚⒘?，也不?huì)大量被偷走。
3. 為什么會(huì)有l(wèi)arder 和scatter這兩種方式呢?大多數(shù)別的動(dòng)物貯藏食物也是介于這兩種方式之間，但也取決于別的因素，也有別的貯藏方式。Pine S也有可能選擇scatter這種方式，tree s也有可能選擇larder這種方式，但是大多數(shù)還是stick to他們各自的方式。
4. 貯藏方式不同取決于：1. time; 2. aggressiveness; 3. climate; 4. types of food; 第四種是決定Squirrels的因素。
5. 但是Squirrels的貯藏方式并不適用于nuts and fruits, 所以這個(gè)時(shí)候， squirrels會(huì)secret each item in a hidden cache。
6. 他們貯藏食物的方式影響著他們的很多習(xí)性，比如pine s是territorial的，而 tree s是non-territorial，disperse their young. 對(duì)于他們貯藏食物方式的全面了解能夠幫助了解很多重要的方面。
詞匯題：
1. distinctive-characteristic
2. respective-in the order presented
3. decisive-determining
4. appreciation-understanding
Passage Three
學(xué)科分類：History
題目：Newspapers inWestern Europe
內(nèi)容回憶：
1. 17世紀(jì)， newspaper最早在荷蘭發(fā)展。ships帶回貨物的同時(shí)也帶回很多的news。
2. 荷蘭的優(yōu)勢在于不太集中的government censorship.其他地方，比如法國有嚴(yán)格的法律控制，報(bào)業(yè)不夠自由，因?yàn)槭钦块T給予資金支持，大多觀點(diǎn)都是被政府控制的。
3. 18世紀(jì)，情況發(fā)生改變，報(bào)業(yè)開始繁榮。因?yàn)橛恼芾韋altered了，皇室和國會(huì)爭論到底哪一方擁有對(duì)報(bào)業(yè)的管理時(shí)，報(bào)業(yè)本身就發(fā)展了。新的政府機(jī)構(gòu)的建立也促進(jìn)了newspaper的發(fā)展。
4. 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的繁榮，對(duì)于news的需求增加，更多的道路和交通工具也進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)報(bào)業(yè)發(fā)展。Postal systems的建立也進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)newspaper的發(fā)展，任何人都能夠在家或咖啡廳讀報(bào)。
5. 但是那時(shí)的報(bào)紙是modest products， illustrations were rare; headlines也還沒有，通常是四頁。每周發(fā)行一到兩次，而不是每天，也只印刷幾千份。hand-operated wooden press 印刷。
6. 早期的newspaper對(duì)于社會(huì)生活都有廣泛影響，包括促進(jìn)信息交流，讓人們覺得自己是公共生活的一部分，以及人們可以通過寫信給編輯交流觀點(diǎn)。
詞匯題：
1. exercised-applied
2. emergence-rise
3. tactic-strategy
4. thus-consequently
3月11日托福寫作真題
綜合
閱讀：保護(hù)瀕危鳥類Hermit Ibis很困難，因?yàn)?
1. habitat destruction生存環(huán)境的破壞，大多由于人的占用導(dǎo)致。
2. 附近捕食者(比如禿鷹和烏鴉)對(duì)幼鳥和蛋的攻擊. Eggs and juvenile are vulnerable to the predators, which, however, cannot be killed because they are also important to ecosystem.
3. 保護(hù)瀕危物種通?？茖W(xué)家會(huì)raise them in captivity 然后release into the wild, 但是Hermit Ibis是遷徙類動(dòng)物，它們是從父母那里學(xué)習(xí)how and where to migrate， 如果人工飼養(yǎng)然后放回大自然，它們無法生存。
聽力：問題可以解決
1. hermit ibis可以在很多地方筑巢，人工搭建的棲息地，比如建筑物的外墻。這個(gè)不是問題。
2. 雖然eggs and juvenile are vulnerable，但是它們的天敵都比較膽小，只要在eggs and juvenile成年之前人類通過吹哨子趕走天敵，Hermit Ibis成年后生活就沒有問題了。
3. 人類也可以教給年幼的hermit ibis如何遷徙，比如pilot帶著年幼的hermit ibis隨著它們遷徙的路線飛行，它們也可以學(xué)會(huì)如何遷徙，放回大自然后它們的生存就不會(huì)有任何問題。
Sample Answer:
Contrary to the belief in the passage that it is difficult to protect hermit ibis, the professor asserts a diverse perception.
To begin with, the professor argues that hermit ibis actually can build nest everywhere. For example, the wall of buildings is perfectly suitable for them to build nest. Habitat destruction won’t be a problem to prevent scientists from protecting hermit ibis. This directly challenges the first idea in the reading that like many other endangered species, it is difficult to protect hermit ibis because of the habitat destruction.
Then, the author of the passage points out eggs and juveniles are vulnerable to the predators, which, however, are not supposed be killed because they are also important to ecosystem. However, their predators actually are coward species. People can easily blow whistles to scare away the predators during the period in which they are vulnerable. When they grow up to adults, there will be nothing to be worried about anymore. Again, this contradicts what the reading passage says about the same issue.
Finally, the professor points out that human can also teach young hermit ibis how to migrate. For example, pilots can flight along hermit ibis’ migratory route thus young hermit ibis that is raised in captivity will follow this route and become capable of migrating just like their peers living in the wild. Yet, the reading is of the opposite view that hermit ibis raised in captivity by scientists don’t have the chance to learn how and where to migrate from their parents.
(253 words)
獨(dú)立
Do you agree or disagree: it’s better to relax through watching a film and reading a book than doing physical exercises?
解題思路：
同意該觀點(diǎn)：
1. 有趣的電影情節(jié)會(huì)帶來樂趣。
2. 看書會(huì)讓心情非常平靜和愉悅。
體育運(yùn)動(dòng)有時(shí)候很無聊而且會(huì)容易讓人疲憊。
Sample Answer:
Everyone in the society is seeking for a way to release his or her pressure derived from continuous study or work, but what is the key factor of getting completely relaxed? There are two choices – the first one is to sit themselves to a comfortable couch, watching movies and reading books while the other is to go out and do physical exercises. Although someone tends to choose the first approach, I definitely agree that doing physical exercise is a better choice for those who want to relax themselves.
The first and foremost advantage of doing physical exercise is that it helps people stretch themselves and get recovered from anchylosis. People often feel stressed out because they sit still working or studying for 6 or more hours every day. Despite the difficulties caused by some sophisticated problems they need to deal with, sitting still for long is also one of the reasons that cause people’s intense pressure that is harmful to their health. In this case, doing exercise is a superb way to help them get relaxed. Actually, doing some sports that involve the whole body’s movement is the best, such as playing basketball, badminton. Jogging is also a good choice. On the contrary, watching a movie or reading a book still requires people to sit, which might worsen the situation instead.
To better relax ourselves, we must free ourselves from psychology stress. Doing exercise has two benefits in helping us achieve this goal. On the one hand, doing physical exercise facilitates the exudation of dopamine, which is a natural chemical our body secretes that makes us feel happy and relaxed. On the other hand, doing physical exercise generally brings us into contact with outside world. For example, when we jog in a park, the beautiful scenery there often refreshes our mind and takes us to a stress-free world. Besides, when we do some team sports, we communicate with our partners, sharing feelings and worries with them. They not only will cheer us up by saying some nice words but also may provide some suggestions for solving the problems we have. Clearly, we will feel much better after playing sports with them.
While some one may claim that we cannot ignore the importance of watching movies and reading books to relaxing ourselves since watching movies or reading books offer us greater chances to get away from the reality. Anyway, I admit that we can sometimes laugh by watching a comedy or enjoy the graceful description about pastoral country life thereby having an immersed sense. However, watching movies or reading books also requires us to stare at the screen or the book for long time, how can we have a good relaxation we still need to overfatigue our eyes? So, watching movies or reading books can be taken as good pastime when we want to spend weekends or holidays alone. And we should do physical exercise if we want to relax ourselves.
All in all, doing physical exercise is a superb way if we want to relax ourselves. It provides us with great opportunity to stretch ourselves and feel happy.
(518 words)
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