考研英語(yǔ)閱讀真題2016年
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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀原文
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.
Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that "incite excessive thinness" by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.
They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.
That's a start.
And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death – as some have done.
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.
And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.
Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a ,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.
In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France's actions, Denmark's fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models.
The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.
The charter's main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
But in general it relies on a name-and–shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.
Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀翻譯
法國(guó)一向以作為全球時(shí)尚革新者為傲，如今它已決定其時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)已經(jīng)失去了定義女性體型美的絕對(duì)權(quán)力。
上周，法國(guó)的立法者初步通過(guò)了一部法律，該法律將使用超瘦模特上T型臺(tái)走秀定為犯罪。
法國(guó)議會(huì)還同意封禁那些推廣極端的節(jié)食來(lái)誘使女性追求骨感體型的網(wǎng)站。
這些措施有幾個(gè)積極的動(dòng)機(jī)。
它們表明美不應(yīng)該由外貌來(lái)定義，因?yàn)樽非笸饷裁雷罱K會(huì)危害人的健康。
這些措施只是反對(duì)追求骨感體型風(fēng)氣的一個(gè)開始。
禁止使用超瘦模特的目的不僅僅是保護(hù)模特不因減肥而把自己餓死——有些模特就因減肥而餓死。
還警告時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)：對(duì)于女性該用什么樣的社會(huì)標(biāo)尺來(lái)判定自己的個(gè)人價(jià)值這一問(wèn)題，時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)給女性，尤其是未成年少女，傳達(dá)了錯(cuò)誤的信號(hào)，時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)必須為此負(fù)責(zé)。
如果完全執(zhí)行該禁令，它會(huì)將向女性(以及很多男性)表明：不要讓別人成為自己美的評(píng)判者。
這些措施或許還隱約地暗示，人們應(yīng)該注重個(gè)性和智力等無(wú)形的品質(zhì)，而不是通過(guò)節(jié)食來(lái)達(dá)到“零號(hào)身材”或“黃蜂腰體型”。
然而，法國(guó)的這些舉措過(guò)分依賴嚴(yán)厲的懲罰來(lái)改變時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)的文化，該文化依舊認(rèn)為瘦到皮包骨是美。
該法律規(guī)定，使用沒(méi)有達(dá)到政府體質(zhì)指數(shù)要求的時(shí)尚模特的后果是罰款8.5萬(wàn)美元和服刑6個(gè)月。
時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)知道它們注重衣著打扮和理想體型的問(wèn)題一直存在。
丹麥、美國(guó)和其他一些國(guó)家的時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)試圖為模特和時(shí)尚形象設(shè)定一個(gè)非強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更多地依靠同輩壓力來(lái)執(zhí)行。
相比于法國(guó)的措施，上月，丹麥時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)同意了關(guān)于模特的年齡、健康和其他特征的規(guī)定和懲罰。
最新修訂的《丹麥時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)道德章程》明確規(guī)定：“我們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)給體型觀念帶來(lái)的影響，尤其是給年輕人帶來(lái)的影響，我們應(yīng)該對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)。”
這個(gè)章程的主要執(zhí)行方法是拒絕違反規(guī)定的設(shè)計(jì)師和模特經(jīng)紀(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)入哥本哈根時(shí)尚周，該時(shí)尚周由丹麥時(shí)尚機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)作。
但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，該舉措依靠指名道姓的方法來(lái)確保該章程得到遵守。
依靠道德規(guī)勸而不是法律手段來(lái)矯正理想體型的錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)或許才是最好的辦法。
更好的措施就是有助于提升美的概念，使之超越某一特定產(chǎn)業(yè)的物質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀詞語(yǔ)解析
intellect['intilekt]n. 智力，理智，才智非凡的人，知識(shí)份子聯(lián)想記憶
signal['signl]n. 信號(hào)，標(biāo)志
v. (發(fā)信號(hào))通知、表示
mass[mæs]n. 塊，大量，眾多
adj. 群眾的，大規(guī)模
approval[ə'pru:vəl]n. 批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可，同意，贊同
incite[in'sait]v. 煽動(dòng)，刺激，激勵(lì)
severe[si'viə]adj. 劇烈的，嚴(yán)重的，嚴(yán)峻的，嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)格的
elevate['eliveit]vt. 舉起，提拔，素養(yǎng)提升，鼓舞
vi. 變聯(lián)想記憶
impact['impækt,im'pækt]n. 沖擊(力), 沖突，影響(力)
address[ə'dres]n. 住址，致詞，講話，談吐，(處理問(wèn)題的)技巧
compliance[kəm'plaiəns]n. 順從，遵從，靈活
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