考研英語真題閱讀理解精選
看上去簡(jiǎn)單的考研閱讀理解試題比四、六級(jí)閱讀理解難就難在:它不僅要求考生能讀懂文章字面的意思,還要求考生能夠準(zhǔn)確地理解文字背后的潛臺(tái)詞。下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語真題閱讀理解精選，希望對(duì)你有用!
考研英語閱讀原文
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.
Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher.
But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them.
This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first—generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university.
First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree.
Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.
They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the 'rules of the game,' and take advantage of college resources," they write.
And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.
"Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students' educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students 'like them' can improve."
考研英語閱讀翻譯
“第一代大學(xué)生”是指那些父母沒有大學(xué)學(xué)位的大學(xué)生，多年以來，很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谝幌盗械慕逃删头矫媛浜笥谄渌膶W(xué)生。
他們的成績(jī)比其他學(xué)生低、輟學(xué)率比他們高。
但是鑒于這類學(xué)生只要在高等教育上取得成功，他們就更可能在經(jīng)濟(jì)上到得提升，所以各大學(xué)院和大學(xué)幾十年來一直在努力招收更多這類的學(xué)生。
但是根據(jù)即將在《心理科學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文令人憂愁的開篇所說，這就出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)“矛盾現(xiàn)象”，招收那些第一代大學(xué)生，但隨后目睹他們中的很多人失敗，這就意味著高等教育“繼續(xù)在制造和擴(kuò)大基于社會(huì)階級(jí)的成就差距，而不是縮小它。
但是這篇文章事實(shí)上相當(dāng)?shù)貥酚^，因?yàn)樗攀隽私鉀Q該問題的可能方案，提出的那個(gè)方案(它涉及一個(gè)一小時(shí)，幾乎無花費(fèi)計(jì)劃)能縮小第一代大學(xué)生和其他學(xué)生之間的百分之六十三的成就差距(通過測(cè)量考試成績(jī)等因素)。
這篇論文的作者來自不同的大學(xué)，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)基于一項(xiàng)涉及某所私立大學(xué)147名學(xué)生的研究(這些學(xué)生完成了該研究項(xiàng)目)。
“第一代大學(xué)生”被定義為他們的父母沒有四年制大學(xué)學(xué)位。
大多數(shù)第一代大學(xué)生(59.1%)是佩爾助學(xué)金的獲得者，這是一個(gè)為需要經(jīng)濟(jì)幫助的本科生設(shè)立的聯(lián)邦助學(xué)金。而事實(shí)上父母中至少有一方有四年制大學(xué)學(xué)位的學(xué)生中，僅有8.6%是該助學(xué)金的獲得者。
他們的論文表明相對(duì)適中的“介入”會(huì)有大影響，其著眼點(diǎn)是第一代大學(xué)生最缺乏的或許不是潛能，而是如何處理大多數(shù)大學(xué)生都面臨的問題的實(shí)際知識(shí)。
他們引用由若干作者做過的研究來表明，要想縮小第一代大學(xué)生與其他大學(xué)生之間的成就差距，就必須縮小他們?cè)诮鉀Q問題的實(shí)際知識(shí)上的差距。
他們寫道，很多第一代大學(xué)生“努力想摸索高等教育的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)文化，學(xué)習(xí)它的‘游戲規(guī)則，’和利用大學(xué)資源。”
當(dāng)大學(xué)沒有提及不同群體的大學(xué)生的階級(jí)優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)時(shí)，成就差距就更成了一個(gè)問題。
“因?yàn)槊绹?guó)高校很少承認(rèn)社會(huì)階級(jí)對(duì)學(xué)生教育經(jīng)歷的影響，許多第一代大學(xué)生看不透他們?yōu)槭裁丛诳嗫鄴暝膊幻靼?lsquo;像他們’這樣的學(xué)生該如何改善這一局面。”
考研英語閱讀詞語解析
acknowledge[ək'nɔlidʒ]vt. 承認(rèn)，公認(rèn)，告知收到，表示感謝，注意到
solution[sə'lu:ʃən]n. 解答，解決辦法，溶解，溶液聯(lián)想記憶
grant[grɑ:nt]n. 授予物，補(bǔ)助金; 同意，給予
n. 財(cái)產(chǎn)
social['səuʃəl]adj. 社會(huì)的，社交的
n. 社交聚會(huì)
recruit[ri'kru:t]v. 招募，征兵，吸收(新成員)，補(bǔ)充
measured['meʒəd]adj. 量過的，慎重的，基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，有韻律的 動(dòng)詞me
impact['impækt,im'pækt]n. 沖擊(力), 沖突，影響(力)
modest['mɔdist]adj. 謙虛的，適度的，端莊的
psychological[.saikə'lɔdʒikəl]adj. 心理(學(xué))的
approach[ə'prəutʃ]n. 接近; 途徑，方法
v. 靠近，接近，動(dòng)
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