考研英語閱讀精讀真題解析
考研英語閱讀精讀真題解析
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考研英語閱讀原文
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6.1 percent, as good news.
And they were right.
For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.
We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely overlooked.
There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time.
This figure is now 830,000(4.4 percent) above its year ago level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction.
Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time jobs.
They take part-time work because this is all they can get.
An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market
and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been down.
Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from is year ago level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us.
The survey used by the Labor Department asks people is they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week.
If the answer is "yes," they are classified as working part-time.
The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice.
They are only classified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.
For many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with serious health conditions,
before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges.
These are people who may previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover themselves and their families.
With Obamacare there is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
考研英語閱讀翻譯
對(duì)于勞動(dòng)部門所報(bào)告的六月份新增28.8萬個(gè)工作崗位和失業(yè)率下降至6.1個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，很多人都說這是個(gè)利好消息。
他們說得對(duì)。
因?yàn)檫@表明經(jīng)濟(jì)正以適當(dāng)?shù)乃俣葎?chuàng)造就業(yè)。
盡管恢復(fù)充分就業(yè)的道路還很長(zhǎng)，但至少我們正在以更快的速度前進(jìn)。
然而，就業(yè)形勢(shì)中的另一個(gè)重要部分很大程度上被忽視了。
稱自己自愿兼職的人的數(shù)量猛增了。
現(xiàn)在這個(gè)數(shù)字比一年前的水平高出83萬(4.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn))。
在解釋自愿兼職者的數(shù)量猛增與奧巴馬醫(yī)改計(jì)劃的關(guān)系之前，還有一個(gè)值得去區(qū)分的地方。
很多從事兼職工作的人其實(shí)想從事全職工作。
他們從事兼職工作的原因是他們只能找到這樣的工作。
非自愿兼職工作數(shù)的增加說明勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)疲軟，
這就意味著很多人將很難維持開銷。
雖然六月份的非自愿兼職人數(shù)在增加，但總體呈下降趨勢(shì)。
盡管非自愿兼職就業(yè)數(shù)依然比經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退之前要高得多，但和一年前的水平比，該數(shù)字已經(jīng)下降64萬(7.9個(gè)百分點(diǎn))。
從受訪者口中我們知道了自愿與非自愿兼職工作之間的區(qū)別。
勞動(dòng)部門所引用的調(diào)查問受訪者他們?cè)趩柧硭峒暗哪侵芄ぷ魇欠裆儆?5個(gè)小時(shí)。
如果受訪者的答案是“是”，他們就被歸為兼職工作者，
該調(diào)查然后問他們?cè)谀侵芄ぷ魃儆?5小時(shí)是因?yàn)樽约翰幌胱鋈氝€是因?yàn)樗麄儎e無選擇。
如果受訪者告訴調(diào)查者是他們選擇一周工作少于35小時(shí)的話，那么他們就被歸為自愿兼職工作者。
自愿兼職工作這一問題與奧巴馬醫(yī)改計(jì)劃相關(guān)聯(lián)是因?yàn)樵撚?jì)劃的主要目的之一就是讓人們不就業(yè)也能得到醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。
對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說，尤其是那些有嚴(yán)重健康問題的人或其家庭成員有嚴(yán)重健康問題的人，
在奧巴馬醫(yī)改計(jì)劃實(shí)施之前，得到醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)的唯一途徑是找到提供健康保險(xiǎn)的工作。
而奧巴馬醫(yī)改計(jì)劃已讓1200多萬人通過“Medicaid”或“醫(yī)保交易所”得到了醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。
這些人先前覺得為了讓自己和家人得到醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，就要找到提供該保險(xiǎn)的全職工作。
由于有了奧巴馬醫(yī)療計(jì)劃，就業(yè)和保險(xiǎn)之間的聯(lián)系就不再那么絕對(duì)了。
考研英語閱讀詞語解析
issue['iʃju:]n. 發(fā)行物，期刊號(hào)，爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn)
previously['pri:vju:sli]adv. 先前，在此之前
survey[sə:'vei]v. 調(diào)查，檢查，測(cè)量，勘定，縱覽，環(huán)視
unemployment['ʌnim'plɔimənt]n. 失業(yè)，失業(yè)人數(shù)
involuntary[in'vɔləntəri]adj. 非自愿的，無意的，不由自主的
decent['di:snt]adj. 體面的，正派的，得體的，相當(dāng)好的
evidence['evidəns]n. 根據(jù)，證據(jù)
v. 證實(shí)，證明
distinction[dis'tiŋkʃən]n. 差別，對(duì)比，區(qū)分，榮譽(yù)，優(yōu)秀
insurance[in'ʃuərəns]n. 保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，安全措施
figure['figə]n. 圖形，數(shù)字，形狀; 人物，外形，體型
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