考研英語二閱讀理解全文真題試題
考研英語二閱讀理解全文真題試題
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考研英語閱讀原文
Crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society.
Tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make Americans feel uncomfortable and embarrassed.
The shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating tragedy was the provocation.
The observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring.
But judging from recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears,
both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
Humans are the only animals definitely known to shed emotional tears.
Since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responses,
it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival.
Although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance form others (as a crying baby might from its mother),
the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help.
Vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention.
So, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.
Indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress.
University of Minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears.
Both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion.
Tears shed because of exposure to cut onion would contain no such substance.
Researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
At Tulane University's tear Analysis Laboratory Dr.Peter Kastl and his colleagues report that
they can use tears to detect drug abuse and exposure to medication,
to determine whether a contact lens fits properly of why it may be uncomfortable,
to study the causes of "dry eye" syndrome and the effects of eye surgery,
and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.
At Columbia University, Dr.Liasy Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes.
Tears can be obtained painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
考研英語閱讀翻譯
社會(huì)不會(huì)鼓勵(lì)哭泣行為。
然而眼淚，不管是由于傷心，氣憤還是喜悅，都會(huì)讓美國人感到不安和尷尬。
流淚的人常常會(huì)道歉。即使是因?yàn)樵獾搅藲缧缘谋瘎〉拇碳げ趴薜摹?/p>
而看到別人哭泣的人則很可能會(huì)千方百計(jì)想辦法來制止這種情感宣泄行動(dòng)。
但是，從最近的關(guān)于哭泣行為的研究來看，疾病和哭泣及眼淚的化學(xué)成分之間存在著某種聯(lián)系，
前面所提到的兩種對(duì)眼淚的反應(yīng)都是不合適的，甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生反面效果。
人類是唯一知道通過落淚來宣泄情感的動(dòng)物。
進(jìn)化論，即使有的話，也很少會(huì)產(chǎn)生無意義的生理反應(yīng)，
那么按照邏輯，我們可以設(shè)想哭泣對(duì)于提高生存能力具有一項(xiàng)或更多的功能。
盡管一些觀察家認(rèn)為哭泣是向他人尋求幫助的一種方式(如哭泣的嬰兒是在向它的母親尋求幫助)，
但是哭泣并不都是為了求助。
大聲呼喊就夠了，這比眼淚更能引起他人注意。
由此看來，眼淚本身還一定具有某種特殊的意義。
確實(shí)，最新的研究表明，情感性淚水可以直接減輕人的壓力。
美國明尼蘇達(dá)大學(xué)研究眼淚化學(xué)成分的研究人員最近已將情感性眼淚中的兩種重要化學(xué)物質(zhì)分離出來。
這兩種化學(xué)物質(zhì)僅僅存在于由于情感反應(yīng)而流出的眼淚中。
因切洋蔥而流出的眼淚中不含有這兩種物質(zhì)。
其他幾個(gè)研究所的研究人員正在研究如何把眼淚作為診斷病情和監(jiān)控藥物的工具。
在圖拉大學(xué)的眼淚分析實(shí)驗(yàn)室，比特·喀斯特博士和他的同事報(bào)告說，
他們可以用眼淚去檢測濫用毒品問題及藥物的性能，
確認(rèn)隱形眼鏡戴起來是否合適或者是為什么戴著不舒適。
還能用來探究"干眼"綜合癥的產(chǎn)生原因和眼部手術(shù)的效果。
甚至還能用來測量環(huán)境污染特的情況。
哥倫比亞大學(xué)拉瑞斯博士和他的同事們正在研究把眼睛作為線索來診斷除眼部疾病以外的其他病癥。
不用傷害到身體，眼淚便可輕松獲得，僅取少量便可做高度精確的分析。
考研英語閱讀詞語解析
provocation[.prɔvə'keiʃən]n. 激怒，刺激，挑撥，挑釁的事物，激怒的原因
refined[ri'faind]adj. 精煉的，優(yōu)雅的，精細(xì)的 v. 精煉，凈化，使
determine[di'tə:min]v. 決定，決心，確定，測定
emotional[i'məuʃənl]adj. 感情的，情緒的
counterproductive[,kauntəprə'dʌktiv]adj. 反生產(chǎn)的;使達(dá)不到預(yù)期目標(biāo)的
abuse[ə'bju:s,ə'bju:z]n. 濫用，惡習(xí)
vt. 濫用，辱罵，虐待
substance['sʌbstəns]n. 物質(zhì)，實(shí)質(zhì)，內(nèi)容，重要性，財(cái)產(chǎn)
uncomfortable[ʌn'kʌmftəbl]adj. 不舒服的，不自在的
lens[lenz]n. 鏡頭，透鏡，(眼球的)水晶體
assume[ə'sju:m]vt. 假定，設(shè)想，承擔(dān); (想當(dāng)然的)認(rèn)為
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