考研英語閱讀理解試題真題
考研英語閱讀理解試題真題
試題真題是考研英語復(fù)習(xí)的重要資料,考生要利用好真題復(fù)習(xí)提高閱讀理解部分的得分率。下面就是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語閱讀理解試題真題，希望對你有用!
考研英語閱讀原文
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.
John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice" information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced" long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.
考研英語閱讀翻譯
科學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)：雖然我們易于快速地做出過度反應(yīng)，但是如果我們花點時間考慮一下我們可能做出的反應(yīng)，就可以減少，甚至是消除我們快速、本能的反應(yīng)所帶來的消極影響。
快速決策可以是身體重要的防御機(jī)制;如果我們是在判斷某人是否是個危險人物，我們的大腦和身體會自發(fā)地在幾毫秒鐘內(nèi)做出快速反應(yīng)。但是，若要評定其它因素，我們則需要更多的時間。研究表明：要準(zhǔn)確地辨別某人是否是好交際的，我們至少需要一分鐘的時間，五分鐘會更好。想要評判復(fù)雜的性格方面，如或是神經(jīng)過敏或是思想開闊等，就更要花上一段時間了。
另外，以應(yīng)對快速刺激而做出的快速決策并不專屬于人際范疇。多倫多大學(xué)的心理學(xué)家們曾發(fā)現(xiàn)：即便閱讀和吃東西沒什么關(guān)系，用短短幾毫秒的時間看一家快餐店的標(biāo)志還是會刺激人們提高20%的閱讀速度。我們一想到快餐，就無意識地聯(lián)想起快速和急躁，并把這些一時產(chǎn)生的情緒帶到我們正在做的任何事情當(dāng)中。接觸一閃而過快餐標(biāo)志的受試者們也往往會認(rèn)為一段音樂持續(xù)時間的太長了。
然而，我們可以完全改變這些影響。如果我們知道看見笑臉相迎會讓我在選擇消費產(chǎn)品或房屋時做出過度的反應(yīng)(這是銷售代理和房產(chǎn)中介總是面帶笑容的一個很好的理由)，我們可以在購買之前等上一段時間。如果我們知道女性招聘官們更加有可能拒絕有魅力的女性求職者，我們就可以幫助招聘們認(rèn)識到他們的偏見，亦或是雇傭獨立招聘官們。
婚姻專家約翰·戈特曼解釋說：我們的快速反應(yīng)只有基于對"大塊"信息進(jìn)行長期的研究之后，我們才能信賴我們快速汲取的"薄片"信息。在戈特曼非常想要評定兩個人將是否會共同生活，他會為了進(jìn)行更長期的評價工作而邀請他們?nèi)ニ麔u上的修養(yǎng)之所呆上是兩天，而不是兩秒。
我們具有通過暫停來減緩我們本能反應(yīng)的能力，這使我們有別于動物: 狗智能斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地思考未來，思考時間只能持續(xù)幾分鐘。但是，從個人歷史的角度來看，我們每天花了12%的時間思索更長遠(yuǎn)的事情。盡管科技可能了改變我們反應(yīng)的方式，但科技還沒有改變我們的天性。我們?nèi)匀挥懈挥谙胂蟮哪芰?，讓我們不受誘惑的影響，并完全改變高速的發(fā)展趨勢。
考研英語閱讀詞語解析
capacity[kə'pæsiti]n. 能力，容量，容積; 資格，職位
associate[ə'səuʃieit]n. 同伴，伙伴，合伙人 n. 準(zhǔn)學(xué)士學(xué)位獲得
realm[relm]n. 王國，領(lǐng)域
negative['negətiv]adj. 否定的，負(fù)的，消極的
n. 底片，負(fù)
estate[is'teit]n. 財產(chǎn)，房地產(chǎn)，狀態(tài)，遺產(chǎn)
temptation[temp'teiʃən]n. 誘惑，引誘
understand[.ʌndə'stænd]vt. 理解，懂，聽說，獲悉，將 ... 理解為，認(rèn)為
retreat[ri'tri:t]n. 休息寓所，撤退，隱居
v. 撤退，向后傾
intermittentlyadv. 間歇地
trend[trend]n. 趨勢，傾向，方位
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