高中英語副詞的知識點
副詞(Adverb 簡稱adv.)是指在句子中表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞,用以修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句,表示時間、地點、程度、方式等概念。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語副詞的知識,希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!
高中英語副詞的知識1
形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級
1.形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級,在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;
如:
big→bigger→biggest
hot→hotter→hottest
fat→fatter→fattest
sad→sadder→saddest
mad→madder →maddest
wet→wetter→wettest
2. 以輔音字母加y結尾的,變y為i,加er,如:
easy-easier
happy-happier
funny-funnier
early-earlier
busy-busier
dirty-dirtier(更臟)
heavy-heavier(更重)
healthy-healthier
friendly-friendlier
angry ugly,
但是:shy-shyer.
以元音字母+y結尾時,y不變,直接加er或est。如grey----greyer
3.、不規(guī)則變化
good/well— better—best
bad/badly/ill—worse—worst
many/much— more—most
old—older/elder—oldest/eldest
little— less —least
far—farther/further—farthest/furthest
2、單音節(jié)不規(guī)則變化
tired—more tired—most tired
fond —more fond—most fond
glad—more glad—most glad
bored— more bored—most bored
pleased —more pleased—most pleased
3、兩種變化(少數幾個雙音節(jié)詞以及以er或le結尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級和最高級)
cruel -crueler-cruelest/more cruel-most cruel
strict-stricter-strictest/more strict-most strict
often-oftener-oftenest/more often-most often
friendly-friendlier-friendliest/more friendly-most friendly
clever-cleverer-cleverest/more clever-most clever
4、沒有比較級
empty wrong perfect unique extreme excellent favourite favorite true right correct extremely possible first final last empty wooden
5、在原級形容詞之前加less, least構成的比較級與最高級成為“較低級”與“最低級”形式。
如:kind---less kind---least kind
useful---less useful----least useful
高中英語副詞的知識2
形容詞+ly購成副詞的規(guī)則
1. 輔音字母+y easy happy, heavy, busy 但是shyly, dryly
2. le結尾去e加y。simple, gentle,但是whole wholly
3. 元音字母+e結尾,true-truly,但duely
4. i,c結尾的加ally, 如basic scientific automatic energetic
5. 以le結尾的形容詞
大部分形容詞加-ly可構成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯:
(錯) She sang lovely.
(錯) He spoke to me very friendly.
(對) Her singing was lovely.
(對) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
friendly友好的---a friendly smile友好的微笑
fatherly像父親的---a fatherly teacher一位父親式的教師
lovely可愛的---a lovely girl一位可愛的姑娘
lively活潑的---a lively child一位活潑的小孩
lonely孤獨的---a lonely traveller一位孤獨的旅客
deadly致命的---a deadly blow致命的一擊
silly傻的,無聊的---a silly question愚蠢的問題
orderly秩序的---an orderly mind有條不紊的頭腦
manly男子氣概的---a manly person具有男子氣概的人
daily每日的---daily work日常工作
weekly每星期的---a weekly magazine周刊
yearly每年的---a yearly income年收入daily, monthly, early
smell-smelly adj.發(fā)臭的, 有臭味的
sound-soundly 完好地; 健全地; 穩(wěn)健地; 堅固地; 徹底地; 正確地; 確實地,厲害地,酣暢地berate sb. soundly痛罵某人一頓
拓展:
英語中部分特殊形式的比較意義和最高級的表達
1.A is senior/junior to B;
A比B年齡或級別大(高)/A比B年齡或級別小(低)
如:He is 3 years senior to me. 他比我大三歲。
A is superior / inferior to B A優(yōu)于/劣于B
如: Beijing is superior to any other city in hosting the Olympic Games.在舉辦奧運會上,北京比其他任何城市都做得好。
2.A is to B what C is to D.
意為“A對于B就如C對于D?!?/p>
如:Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
發(fā)動機對于機器就如心臟對于動物。
3.can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough
無論……都不為過,越……越……。 如:
You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你無論怎么小心都不為過。
4. too…to句型的兩個意義
(1)表示否定意義,意為“太……而不能”。
如:This question is too hard for me to understand.
這個問題太難,我理解不了。
(2)表示肯定意義,意為“非常,很,極”。
當too后面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時,too表示“很,非?!敝?,與very表達“很”的意思相同。當too前有all, but, only等詞時,形成only/but/all too…to do結構,仍舊表達“非常,很,極”之意。
如:I'm too glad to hear the news.聽到這條消息我非常高興。
5.與than有關的短語
(1)more…than…是……而不是……;與其說……不如說……。
no more…than…不是……也不是……/與……同樣不
not more...than 不如……
如:That little girl is more tired than hungry.
那個小女孩是累了而不是餓了。(與其說那個小女孩餓了,還不如說她累了。)
He is no more deligent than Tom.他和Tom都不勤奮。
He is no more a teacher than a worker.他既不是老師也不是工人。
He is not more deligent than Tom.他不如Tom勤奮。
He is not more a teacher teacher than a worker.與其說他是教師,不如說是工人。
(2)more than 超過,不僅僅是
no more than=only 只不過(言其少)
not more than=at most 不多于,至多(指事實)
She is more than a friend to me, she is my family.
The room is no more than a barn.
(3) less than (數量)不到……,不足……;一點也不
no less than (數量)不少于……,至少
=not less than=at least
(4)less ……than 不如……;比……少;不是……而是……
No less...than=not less than (至少)不比……差,和……一樣
He is less a teacher than an expert.
He is more an expert than a teacher.與其說他確實老師,不如說是專家。
He is no less active than he used to be.
他和以前一樣積極。
例1.I'm afraid you've got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.
[解析] 此處是no more…than…結構,表示“不是……也不是……”或“與……同樣不”之意,故or改為than。句意:恐怕你們搞錯了,我既不是什么科學家,也不是什么數學家。
6.The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.
[解析] 此處是 “(ever)+比較級+and+比較級”結構,表示“日益”之意,故cold and cold改為colder and colder。句意:天氣變得越來越冷,人們紛紛提前在家里生起了火。
7.比較級和否定詞連用表示最高級意義
【誤】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a good boss.
【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
[解析] 此處是用比較級的形式表達最高級的含義,所以把good改為better。句意:為斯蒂文森先生工作太棒了,我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。
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