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2020初中英語背單詞技巧

時(shí)間: 鞏詩521234 分享

  初中生學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)也是非常有好處的,那就是它可以使我們能夠輕松認(rèn)識(shí)更多單詞,以一種巧妙的方式擴(kuò)大詞匯量,短期內(nèi)記住更多的單詞。這里小編為大家匯總了不少關(guān)于記單詞的好方法,希望能對同學(xué)們有所幫助。

  英語中的構(gòu)詞法主要有三種,即轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法和派生法。

  一. 轉(zhuǎn)化法

  在英語中,一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種或幾種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫做轉(zhuǎn)化法。

  1. 動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

  ●Let me have a try.

  讓我試試。

  ●They are only allowed to sell soft drinksat school.

  在學(xué)校里只準(zhǔn)許他們出售不含酒精的飲料。

  2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

  ●He shoulderedhis way through the crowd.

  他用肩膀推開人群前進(jìn)。

  ●The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water.

  從廚房傳來的氣味使他流口水。

  3. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

  ●We will try our best to betterour living conditions.

  我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。

  ●They tried to perfectthe working conditions.

  他們努力改善工作條件。

  4. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

  ●He didn’t know the difference between rightand wrong.

  他不辨是非。

  ●The oldin our village are living a happy life.

  我們村的老年人過著幸福的生活。

  5. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞

  ●How longhave you lived there?

  你在那兒住多久了?

  6. 個(gè)別詞在一定場合中可轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

  ●Warm clothes are a mustin the mountains.

  穿暖和的衣服到山區(qū)去是必須的。

  ●Life is full of upsand downs.

  人生有得意時(shí)也有失意時(shí)。

  ●His argument contains too many ifsand buts.

  他的辯論中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

  二. 合成法

  由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞連在一起合成一個(gè)新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫做合成法,合成的詞叫做合成詞。合成詞一般看其詞,知其意。

  1. 合成名詞

  ●名詞/代詞+名詞 newspaper blood-test she-wolf

  ●動(dòng)詞+名詞 typewriter pickpocket daybreak

  ●形容詞+名詞 greenhouse highway

  ●副詞+名詞 overcoat outside

  ●名詞+v.-ing/v.-ing +名詞 handwriting reading-room freezing-point

  ●動(dòng)詞+副詞/ 副詞+ 動(dòng)詞 breakthrough get-together outbreak outcome

  ●名詞+介詞+名詞 sister-in-law editor-in-chief

  2. 合成形容詞

  ●名詞+形容詞/形容詞+名詞 world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term

  ●副詞+形容詞 over-anxious evergreen

  ●名詞+過去分詞 man-made sun-burnt

  ●名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 peace-loving English-speaking

  ●形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 good-looking easy-going

  ●副詞+過去分詞 well-informed widespread

  ●副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞 hardworking far-reaching

  ●形容詞+名詞+ed warm-hearted absent-minded

  ●數(shù)詞+名詞+ed three-legged ten-storied

  ●數(shù)詞+名詞 one-way five–star

  ●數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 ten-year-old 800-meter-long

  ●名詞+to+名詞 face –to-face door - to -door

  3. 合成動(dòng)詞

  ●名詞+動(dòng)詞 baby-sit sleepwalk

  ●副詞+動(dòng)詞 outnumber underestimate overwork

  ●形容詞+動(dòng)詞 whitewash

  4. 合成副詞

  ●形容詞+名詞 meanwhile anyway

  ●形容詞+副詞 everywhere anyhow

  ●副詞+副詞 however

  ●介詞+名詞 beforehand overhead

  ●介詞+副詞 forever

  5. 合成代詞

  ●代詞賓格+self/selves herself themselves

  ●物主代詞+self/selves myself yourselves

  ●形容詞+名詞 anything nothing

  6. 合成介詞

  ●副詞+名詞 inside outside

  ●介詞+副詞 without within

  ●副詞+介詞 into

  三. 派生法

  由一個(gè)詞加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。

  1. 前綴

  除少數(shù)前綴外,前綴一般改變單詞的意義,但不改變單詞的詞性。

  (1)表示否定意義的前綴

  ●un- unhappy unfinished undress

  ●dis- disagree disbelieve

  ●in- [il-(在字母l前),im- (在字母m,b,p前),ir- (在字母r前)] inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregular

  ●mis- misbehave mislead mistake

  ●non- nonstop nonsmoker

  (2)表示其他意義的前綴

  ●en- “使……”enrich enlarge encourage

  ●inter- “相互”international intercontinental

  ●re- “再,又,重”rethink retell recycle

  ●tele- “遠(yuǎn)程的”telescope telephone telegraph

  ●auto- “自動(dòng)的”automatic automobile

  ●co- “共同”coworker cooperate coexist

  ●anti- “反對,抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclear

  ●multi- “多”multistory multicultural multicolor

  ●bi- “雙,二”bicycle bilingual bilateral

  ●micro- “極小的,微小的”microwave microcomputer

  ●over- “太多,過分”overwork overdo overestimate

  ●self- “自己,本身”self-centered self-confident self-control

  ●under- “在……下面,……下的,不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate

  2. 后綴

  (1)形容詞后綴

  ●-able “可……的,具有……的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable

  ●-al “與……有關(guān)的”physical, magical, political

  ●-an “屬于某地方的人”American African

  ●-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern

  ●-ful/ less “(沒)有……的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless

  ●-ish “如……的;有……特征的”foolish childish selfish

  ●-ive “有……傾向的”active attractive expensive

  ●-en “由……制成的”golden wooden woolen

  ●-ous “有(性質(zhì))的”famous, dangerous, poisonous

  ●-ly “有……性質(zhì)的”friendly yearly daily

  ●-y “構(gòu)成形容詞”noisy dusty cloudy

  (2)名詞后綴

  ●-er / or “表人或用具” farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container

  ●-ese “某國(人)的”Chinese, Japanese

  ●-ian “某國、某地人;精通……的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician

  ●-ist “某種主義或職業(yè)者”physicist, scientist, communist,socialist

  ●-ess “表女性,雌性”hostess, actress, princess

  ●-ment “行為或其狀態(tài)”government, movement, achievement

  ●-ness “性質(zhì),狀態(tài)”illness, sadness, carelessness

  ●-tion “動(dòng)作,過程,結(jié)果”invention, organization, translation

  ●-ance/ ence “抽象;行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”importance, appearance, absence, existence

  ●-th “性質(zhì)、情況” depth, warmth, truth

  ●-ful “(滿的)量”handful, spoonful, mouthful

  ●-(a)bility “抽象、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)”possibility, disability, reliability

  ●-al “過程、狀態(tài)”survival, arrival, approval

  ●-y “性質(zhì)、情況”modesty, delivery, honesty

  ●-dom “處于……狀態(tài);性質(zhì)”freedom, boredom

  ●-age “狀態(tài),行為,身份及其結(jié)果”courage, storage, marriage

  (3)動(dòng)詞后綴

  ●-fy / ify “使得;變得” simplify, beautify, purify

  ●-en “使成為;變得” shorten, deepen, sadden

  ●-ize “使成為” apologize, realize, specialize

  (4)副詞后綴

  ●-ly “方式,程度” freely, truly, angrily

  ●-ward(s) “向……” towards, forward, upwards

  (5)數(shù)詞后綴

  ●-teen “十幾” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen

  ●-ty “整十位數(shù)” forty, fifty, sixty

  ●-th “序數(shù)詞” twelfth, twentieth

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