2017八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)(2)
2017八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一. 重要詞匯和句型
1. get ( 1 ) 買(mǎi) get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 為某人買(mǎi)某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
== Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到, 到達(dá) Where did you get the book ?
When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .
(3) 使, 讓 get + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) 使某人\ 某物 怎么樣
Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed .
get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday .
(4) ( 逐漸) 變得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about \ what about 后跟名詞\ 代詞\ 動(dòng)詞ing形式。
( 1) 向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求
How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?
(2) 向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖?jiàn)或看法
How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 詢問(wèn)天氣或身體情況
How about the weather in Hainan Island ?
How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 談話中承接上下文
I’m forty years old . How about you ?
I’m from Beijing . How about you ?
3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .
She was very glad to receive the invitation .
He didn’t receive a good education at university .
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6--year – old child 一個(gè)六歲的孩子
6--year – old 是由 “數(shù)詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞, 作前置定語(yǔ),
修飾后面的名詞child .
數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：
a five-year-old girl 一個(gè)五歲的女孩
a six-foot-deep hole 一個(gè)六英尺深的洞
a two-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長(zhǎng)的尺子 a 100-meter race一場(chǎng)百米賽跑
a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房
a two-inch-thick dictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典
5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……
too 后跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 后跟動(dòng)詞原形, 構(gòu)成不定式. 句子的主語(yǔ)與
動(dòng)詞不定的主語(yǔ)不一時(shí), 可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語(yǔ)for sb.
He is too young to join the army ( 軍隊(duì)) .
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out .
表示否定意義的never \ not 和too … to… 連用時(shí)表達(dá)肯定一樣.
One is never too old to learn .
too … to… 可以與 enough to 和 so… that … 轉(zhuǎn)換.
與enough to轉(zhuǎn)換 時(shí), enough 前的形容詞, 副詞必須是too 后面形容詞,
副詞的反義詞, 并使用其否定句式.
She is too young to do the work .
== she isn’t old enough to do the work .
與 so… that … 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí), that 后面的從句要用否定形式.
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. cost 1) 動(dòng)詞 , 花費(fèi) \ 價(jià)值 (多少錢(qián) )
How much did it cost ?
I didn’t buy it because it cost too much .
The meal cost us about 100 yuan .
(2 ) 名詞 , 成本, 費(fèi)用, 價(jià)錢(qián). at all costs不惜任何代價(jià); at the cost
of 以 …… 為代價(jià).
Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country .
We must stop it at all costs .
After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the
cost of their lives .
7. pay , spend , cost , take 的區(qū)別
pay 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢(qián) ) , 主語(yǔ)是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week .
Spend 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢(qián)或時(shí)間 ),主語(yǔ)是人. Sb. spend some money on sth.
Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework .
cost 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢(qián) ) , 主語(yǔ)是物. Sth. cost sb. some money .
This jacket cost him 200 dollars .
take 花費(fèi) (時(shí)間 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .
花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth ?
花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework .
It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home .
It will take them 6 months to build the building .
How long does it take him to plant the trees ?
8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
sleep 動(dòng)詞, 睡覺(jué), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作. I am very tired . I want to sleep .
He slept for 12 hours yesterday .
sleeping , Sleep 的現(xiàn)在分詞, 表示 “ 正在睡覺(jué)”
Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping .
They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were .
sleepy 想睡覺(jué)的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed .
asleep 睡著了的.
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .
Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .
fall asleep 強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒(méi)有睡著到睡著的過(guò)程, 不能接一段時(shí)間
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night .
He listened to music and fell asleep .
be asleep 表示睡著后的狀態(tài) , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時(shí)間 .
He was asleep for three hours .
9. choose 動(dòng)詞, “ 選擇,挑選 ” , 過(guò)去式chose, 過(guò)去分詞chosen
choose to do sth. 選擇做某事
can’t Choose but 只得……
pick and choose 挑挑揀揀
There are many books to choose from .
We choose mike as our leader ( 領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ).
Will you help me choose a dictionary ?
Everyone can’t choose but obey ( 服從 ) .
It’s her habit (習(xí)慣 ) to pick and choose while shopping .
10. present (1) 禮物, 禮品 == gift Why not give him a card as a present ?
what can I get him for a birthday present ?
( 2 ) 目前, 現(xiàn)在 I’m sorry he is out at present .
You have to forget the past and start living in the present .
11. open ( 1 ) 動(dòng)詞, 打開(kāi) , 開(kāi)業(yè), 開(kāi)張, 展現(xiàn)
It’s not right to open other people’s letters .
Would you mind opening the window ?
The door opens to the south .
This factory opened in 1998.
( 2 ) 形容詞, be open 開(kāi)著的, 開(kāi)放的
In his dream the flowers are all open .
Most shops are closed but several are still open .
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public .
close 動(dòng)詞, 關(guān)閉, 關(guān)上 , 合上
Please close the door to keep the cold out .
closed 形容詞, be closed 關(guān)著的, 關(guān)閉的
when we got to the shop it was closed .
12 . give away 贈(zèng)送 , 分發(fā) give away sth to sb
Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids .
John gave away his notebook to me .
其它短語(yǔ) give up 放棄 give back 歸還 give off 放出, 發(fā)出(氣味)
give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物給某人
13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名詞, 代詞, 從句
The color seems green rather than blue .
If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .
We depend on you rather than on him .
You should help them rather than they should help you .
prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……
She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us .
He preferred to listen to music rather than play games .
Would rather do sth than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……
He would rather play than work .
I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .
14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”
I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV.
The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .
( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作為代替, 而是”
Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .
I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
instead of 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動(dòng)名詞, 介詞短語(yǔ).表示 “ 代替, 而不是”
I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 電梯 ) .
He studies in the evening instead of during the day .
15. enter (1) 參加 == take part in \ join
More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games .
My brother hopes to enter \ join the army next year .
( 2 ) 進(jìn)入 ==come into \ go into
She entered\ came into the room with these words .
Did you see someone enter \ go into the house ?
16. encourage 動(dòng)詞, 鼓勵(lì), 激勵(lì) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .
Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English .
17. progress 名詞, “ 進(jìn)步, 進(jìn)展” make progress “取得進(jìn)步, 取得進(jìn)展”
My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons .
Tom is now making much \ great progress at school .
They made no progress in the heavy snow .
18. suggest 動(dòng)詞, 建議, 提議. 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動(dòng)名詞和從句
she suggested a way out of the difficulty .
he suggested going home .
who suggested you staying here ?
I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .
19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事感興趣
否定表達(dá)是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事不感興趣
Do you take an interest in English ?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games .
He takes no interest in playing basketball .
be \ become interested in ( doing ) sth對(duì) ( 做 )某事感興趣
I’m deeply interested in swimming .
She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old .
20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
提到了三種提高英語(yǔ)的好方法.
of improving English是介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾ways . 它相當(dāng)與 動(dòng)詞不定式.
Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
=== Three good ways to improve English are mentioned .
Can you find a way to work out the problem ?
==Can you find a way of working out the problem ?
Fast is another way of saying quick .
== Fast is another way to say quick .
Mention (1) 動(dòng)詞, “ 提到, 提及, 說(shuō)起 ”
as mentioned above 如上所述
He often mentioned his past to me .
Nobody mentioned anything to me about it .
Did she mention where she was going ?
You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad .
As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well .
( 2 ) 名詞, “ 提及, 說(shuō)起 ”
The newspaper made no mention of him .
21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us ?
I find it difficult to make friends with Ben .
二. 形容詞、 副詞
一、形容詞
(一)形容詞的含義：表示人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞。
(二)形容詞的用法及位置：
1.作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。
The nice girl is my sister .
I have something important to tell you .
2. 少數(shù)形容只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。
3.作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。 He looks happy .
4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make , leave , keep 等動(dòng)詞連用。
You must keep your eyes closed .
Don’t make your hands dirty .
5. 某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類(lèi)人。常見(jiàn)的詞有：good , bad , rich , poor ,
young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。
The young should be polite to the old .
Please don’t laugh at the poor .
6. 某些表示情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式(to + 動(dòng)詞原形)：
glad , happy , pleased
be sorry , sad , sure , kind + to do sth .
ready , afraid , able
easy , difficult
(三) 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：
1.規(guī)則變化
(1)一般情況，直接在詞尾加er \ est 。
(2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時(shí)， 加 r \ st 。
(3)以“輔音字母 +y ”結(jié)尾時(shí)， 把y變?yōu)?i ，再加er \ est 。
( 4) 部分形容詞，先雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er \ est 。
big , hot, fat , thin , red ,
(5) 部分形容詞， 在前面加 more \ most 。
beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous
(6) 以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，在前面加more \ most 。
friendly(友好的) , lonely(孤獨(dú)的) , lovely(可愛(ài)的)
Likely(有希望的) , daily (日常的), lively (有生氣的)
2. 不規(guī)則變化
good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most
bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least
far ---farther (較遠(yuǎn)的) \ further (進(jìn)一步的) ---farthest (最遠(yuǎn)的) \ furthest (最大程度的)
old ---older(年紀(jì)較大的) \ elder(年紀(jì)最大的)---oldest(較年長(zhǎng)的)\ eldest (最年長(zhǎng)的)
(四) 形容詞原級(jí)的用法：
1.說(shuō)明人或事物自身的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)用形容詞原形。
The flowers in the garden are beautiful .
2. 有表示程度的副詞very , so , too, enough , quite 等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞原形。
The boy is too young .
3.表示A與B在某方面程度相同或不同時(shí)，用形容詞原形。
肯定句：A + 動(dòng)詞 + as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
English is as interesting as Chinese .
Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .
否定句：A + 動(dòng)詞 + not as \ so+ 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
This book is not as \ so new as that one .
I am not so careful as Lucy .
否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于 A + 動(dòng)詞 + less + 形容詞原形 + than + B 。
He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .
4. 表示“A 是B 的幾倍”： A +動(dòng)詞+ 倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
Our school is three times as big as theirs .
This table is twice as long as that one .
5.“A + 動(dòng)詞 +Half + as + 形容詞原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半”
Her room is half as big as yours .
(五)、形容詞比較級(jí)的用法：
1.表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)：A + 動(dòng)詞+ 形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B
Lily’s room is bigger than mine .
This mooncake is nice than that one .
2. 有表示程度的副詞a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,
Far , rather , any 等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)。
I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before .
3. 表示兩者之間“哪一個(gè)更、、、”：which \ who is +形容詞比較級(jí), A or B ?
Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ?
Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ?
4. 表示“幾倍于、、、、、、”時(shí)， 用“A + 動(dòng)詞 + 倍數(shù)+比較級(jí) + than + B ”
I am three years older than you .
5.表示“兩者之間較、、、、、、的一個(gè)”，常用 “the +比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu) 。
Mary is the taller of the twins .
6. 表示“越來(lái)越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級(jí) +and + 比較級(jí) ”，多音節(jié)
詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“more and more +形容詞原形 ”
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring .
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .
7. 表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用“the +比較級(jí) , the +比較級(jí) ”
The harder he works , the richer he is .
The more we get together , the happier we’ll be .
(六)、形容詞最高級(jí)的用法：
1.三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用形容詞最高級(jí)。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞
the , 句末常跟一個(gè)in \ of 短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示范圍。
He is the strongest of the three boys .
Shanghai is the biggest city in china .
2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一個(gè)最、、、、、、?”用句型：
Which \ who is + the + 最高級(jí) , A , B , or C ?
Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?
3. 表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一” 時(shí)，用句型：
主語(yǔ) + is + one of the +形容詞最高級(jí) +名詞復(fù)數(shù) 。
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers .
4. 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾大 / 長(zhǎng) / 高 等”
Changjiang River is the first longest river in China .
5. 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，此時(shí)不用the 。
This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day .
6. 形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級(jí)含義。
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .
==No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class .
==No one is taller than Li Lei in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class .
(七)、--ing 形容詞與--ed 形容詞：
--ing 形容詞表示“令人、、、、、、的”， 表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事物對(duì)人的影響，一般修飾或說(shuō)明事物。如：surprising(令人驚訝的) , exciting (令人興奮的), interesting(有趣的) 等。--ed 形容詞表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人對(duì)事物的感受，主語(yǔ)一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ) 。 如：surprised(感到驚訝的) , excited(感到興奮的) ,
Interested(感到有趣的) 等。
We are all excited about the exciting news .
(八)在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，必須把主體排除在被比較的范圍之外。
China is larger than any other country in Asia .( 在同一范圍內(nèi))
China is larger than any country in Africa . (在不同范圍內(nèi))
二、副詞：用來(lái)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念，主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞
或整個(gè)句子。
( 一).副詞的分類(lèi)：
1.時(shí)間副詞：now , then , today , tomorrow , yesterday , before , ago , soon ,
Immediately , lately , early ,sometimes , often , always , usually , already ,
Yet , ever , never , seldom 。時(shí)間副詞是確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志，需牢記。
2.地點(diǎn)副詞：outside , inside , upstairs , here , there , home , near , away ,
In , back , off , up , anywhere 。
3.方式副詞：quickly , happily , loudly , suddenly , luckily , badly , easily ,
fast , again 。方式副詞大多由“形容詞 +y ”構(gòu)成。
4.程度副詞：very , quite , rather , too , much , so .
5. 疑問(wèn)副詞：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often ,
How far . 疑問(wèn)副詞常用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。
6.關(guān)系副詞：when , where , why , how 等。關(guān)系副詞常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。
(一)副詞的用法：
1.作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或整個(gè)句子。
Please listen to me carefully . The boy is too young .
Luckily , he was not badly hurt .
2. 作表語(yǔ)，表示方位上的變化： My father will be back in a week .
3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Let him in , please .
(三) 副詞的位置：
1.一般副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后帶有賓語(yǔ)，則放在賓語(yǔ)后。
We all study hard . He is drawing a horse carefully .
2. 頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。
He is always late for school .
I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday .
3. 某些副詞為了強(qiáng)調(diào)上下句的銜接，放在句子之前。
Suddenly he had a good idea .
4. enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要放在形容詞或副詞的后面。
The boy is old enough to go to school .
He got up early enough to catch the train .
(四) 副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法：
1.副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法和形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法基本相同。
2.表示“A不如B”時(shí)，使用：A + 助動(dòng)詞+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + as \ so + 副詞原形+ as+ B .
還可使用：A + 動(dòng)詞+ less +副詞原形 + than + B
Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim .
==Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim .
3. 副詞最高級(jí)前一般不加定冠詞the 。
Lin Tao did best in English of all .
(五)易混詞辨析：
1. hard , hardly
hard意為“努力地，辛苦地，劇烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副詞。
hardly意為“幾乎不”，是否定副詞。
As students , we should study hard .
I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ?
2. too , also , either
too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾;also常放在be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞
之前;either用于否定句，常放在句尾。
You are a student . I am a student , too.
They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .
5. too , enough , so
too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太、、、、、、而不能、、、、、、”
enough表示“足夠”， “形容詞 / 副詞+ enough to…”表示“足夠、、、、、、能、、、、、、”。
so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”
The man is too old to look after himself .
The boy runs fast enough to win the game .
The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it .
6. already , yet
already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句末尾。
I have already finished my homework .
== I have finished my homework already.
Have you finished your homework yet ?
I haven’t had lunch yet .
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：Unit5 . What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
一.重要短語(yǔ)和句型
1. arrive at 到達(dá)(小地方) arrive in到達(dá)(大地方)
reach 到達(dá) get to 到達(dá)
I arrived in Beijing last night . === I reached Beijing last night .
== I got to Beijing last night .
如果賓語(yǔ)是副詞here, there, home, 要把a(bǔ)t \ in \ to省略:
arrive here \ there \ home
get here \ there \ home
2. in front of… 在 …… 的前面 (某一范圍外的前面)
in the front of … 在 …… 的前面(某一范圍內(nèi)的前面)
There are some big trees in front of the classroom building .
I like sitting in the front of the taxi .
3. take off (1)起飛 When did the plane take off yesterday ?
(2) 脫下(衣帽等) He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room .
(3) 取消 They will take off the 5 am train .
4. get out (of ) … 從……離開(kāi)\出去\下來(lái)
He tried to get out of bed , but couldn’t .
A car stopped and a girl got out of it .
但從汽車(chē)\火車(chē)\船\飛機(jī)\馬匹上下來(lái), 用get off … .
5.follow (1) 跟隨 I followed him up the hill . 我跟著他上了山.
(2) 沿著……前進(jìn) Follow this road until you get to the post office .
順著這條路一直到郵局.
(3) 聽(tīng)懂,理解 Could you speak more slowly ? I can’t follow you .
(4 )follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事
Please follow me to read the story .
6. amazing 形容詞,修飾名詞 令人驚奇的, 令人驚訝的 what an amazing book !
amaze 動(dòng)詞 使某人驚訝 Your letter amazed me .
be amazed at … 對(duì)…… 感到驚訝 Everyone was amazed at the bad news .
7. shout at 大聲喊叫 多指因生氣而非善意的大聲叫喊
Don’t shout at the little boy . He is too young .
shout to 大聲喊叫 多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊
We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us .
8. happen 發(fā)生 具體事件偶然的沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)的發(fā)生
(1 ) happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .
(2 ) sth happens to sb. 某人發(fā)生了某事
An car accident happened to him last month .上個(gè)月他發(fā)生了交通事故.
take place發(fā)生 (1) 按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生
Great changes have taken place in China in recent years .
最近幾年中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化.
(2 ) (運(yùn)動(dòng)\ 活動(dòng)\會(huì)議等) 舉行
The meeting will take place next Friday .
take the place of 代替, 取代
Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal .
塑料有時(shí)能代替木材和金屬.
take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的職務(wù).
Come to take my place . my seat is near the window .
9. anywhere 任何地方 常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中.
Did you go anywhere last night ? You can’t get it anywhere .
somewhere 某個(gè)地方 用于肯定句
come and see me . Then we’ll go out somewhere .
everywhere 處處, 到處 === here and there
I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere\ here and there .
10. silence 名詞, 寂靜 \ 無(wú)聲
There’s nothing but silence in the room . 屋內(nèi)寂靜無(wú)聲 .
Keep in silence . 保持沉默.
silent 形容詞, 沉默的, 寂靜的
The old house was quite silent . 這所老房子寂靜無(wú)聲.
The cat moved on silent feet . 那只貓無(wú)聲地走動(dòng)著.
11. hear 聽(tīng)到 Can you hear someone knocking at the door ?
(1) hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) , 后接表示人或物的詞
I have never heard of him before . 我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他.
( 2 ) hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō), 后接表示事件的名詞
I’ve just heard about his illness .我剛剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)他生病的事.
Have you heard about the accident ? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了那場(chǎng)事故嗎?
(3 ) hear from 收到某人的來(lái)信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday .
我昨天收到在紐約的女兒的來(lái)信.
12. 主語(yǔ) + be + one of the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + in \ of 短語(yǔ) .
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history .
這是美國(guó)歷史上最重要的事件之一.
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in china .
13. experience (1)名詞 經(jīng)驗(yàn), 不可數(shù)名詞 ; 經(jīng)歷, 體驗(yàn), 可數(shù)名詞
Have you had any experience of fishing ? 你有釣魚(yú)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎?
Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa ?
你能給我們談?wù)勀阍诜侵薜慕?jīng)歷嗎?
(2) 動(dòng)詞 經(jīng)歷, 感覺(jué)
The children experienced many difficulties this time .
這次孩子們經(jīng)歷了許多 困難.
experienced 形容詞 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
be experienced in \at doing sth. == have much experience in \ at doing sth.
做某事很有經(jīng)驗(yàn).
She is an experienced teacher .他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教師.
He is very experienced in \at repairing cars . 他修車(chē)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn).
14. as … as … 和…… 一樣… . 兩個(gè)as之間用形容詞或副詞的原形.
He works as carefully as she . 他和她一樣工作認(rèn)真.
She is as tall as her mother . 她和母親一樣高.
not as … as…. 不如某人…
he isn’t as \ so old as he looks . 他不像看起來(lái)那么老.
She doesn’t run as \ so fast as her brother .她不如她哥哥跑得那么快.
15. have fun == have a good\ great\ wonderful time ==enjoy oneself玩得開(kāi)心,過(guò)得愉快
Did you have fun at the party ?
== Did you have a good\ great \ wonderful time ?
== Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth.開(kāi)心做某事 I’m just having fun playing the guitar .
16. accident 事故, 意外遭遇 He was killed in an accident .他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故 Many people die in traffic accidents every year .
by accident 偶然, 意外地 We met at the airport by accident .
17. scared 恐懼的, 害怕的
afraid恐懼的, 害怕的 I’m very scared \ afraid . 我很害怕.
be scared \ afraid of sth 害怕某物 Are you scared \ afraid of snakes ?
be scared \ afraid to do sth害怕做某事
He is scared \ afraid to go out at night .
be scared \ afraid of doing sth害怕做某事
He is scared \ afraid of going out at night .
18. think about 考慮 (某個(gè)計(jì)劃 ) They are thinking about moving to Beijing .
think of 認(rèn)為 What do you think of the movie ?
=== how do you like the movie ?
你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?
think over 仔細(xì)思考 We need a few days to think over this matter .
二. 感嘆句.
1. what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
(1) What a beautiful girl (she is ) ! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
(2) What a clever boy ( he is ) ! 多么聰明的男孩呀 !
(3) What interesting pictures ( they are ) ! 多么美的圖片呀 !
(4) What tall buildings ( they are ) ! 多么高的樓呀 !
(5) What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !
(6) What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么壞的天氣呀 !
規(guī)律: what + ( a\ an ) + 形容詞 + 名詞 ( + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)) + !
名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí), 形容詞前面不能有a\ an .
2. how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
(7) How heavy the box is ! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs ! 他跑得多快呀!
(8) How careful the girl is ! 多么細(xì)心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano ! 她的鋼琴?gòu)椀枚嗪醚?
如果說(shuō)明的是人或物, 兩種感嘆句可替換. ( 以上(1) 到(8) 句 )
三.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):
1.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：
(1)過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
What were you doing at 8:30 this morning ?
When I called him , he was having dinner .
(2) 過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday ?
I was reading the whole morning yesterday .
(3) when \ while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用：
----- when \ while 當(dāng)……的時(shí)候
While引導(dǎo)的從句中, 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
when引導(dǎo)的從句中, 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式
Mary was having dinner when I saw her .
While we were swimming , someone stole our clothes .
The weather was fine while we were in Beijing .
While were talking , the teacher came into the classroom .
--------while 然而, 可是
He likes reading while I like dancing . 他喜歡看書(shū)而我喜歡跳舞.
Tom is very confident while Mary is shy and quiet .
Tom很自信可是Mary既靦腆又文靜.
2.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：
(1)肯定句：主語(yǔ) + was \ were +動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
(2)否定句：主語(yǔ) + was \ were + not + 動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
(3) 疑問(wèn)句：was \ were + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ?
肯定回答：Yes , 主語(yǔ) + was \ were . 否定回答：No, 主語(yǔ) + was \ were + not .
3. 根據(jù)例子， 和詞組提示，構(gòu)成類(lèi)似對(duì)話。
What were you doing last night ? I was working in the office .
Were you working in the office last night ?
Yes, I was . No , I wasn’t .
(1) Mr Zhang , make a model plane
(2) Wei Hua , play the piano , at 8:00 this morning
(3) the twins , play computer games , last night
(4) the smiths, watch TV , at noon yesterday
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大家要認(rèn)真對(duì)待哦，看完以上為大家整理的資料之后是不是意猶未盡呢？學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家進(jìn)一步推薦了初二其他的視頻學(xué)習(xí)課程，各科逐一攻破?。c(diǎn)擊圖片直接進(jìn)入體驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)哦?。。。?/span>
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