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八年級英語現(xiàn)在完成時教案

時間: 若木623 分享

  同學們我們已經(jīng)學習了八年級英語的現(xiàn)在進行時、一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時這4種時態(tài)的用法,但這4種時態(tài)還不能滿足我們表達的需要。這時,我們可以用一種新的時態(tài)——現(xiàn)在完成時表示。小編整理了關(guān)于八年級英語現(xiàn)在完成時的教案,希望對大家有幫助!

  八年級英語現(xiàn)在完成時:一、現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成

  (一)肯定式

  主語+助動詞have /has +過去分詞+其它

  說明:這里的have /has是助動詞,沒有什么具體意義。當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時助動詞用has,其余人稱一律用have。 has,have的縮略式分別為's或've。規(guī)則動詞過去分詞的構(gòu)成與過去式的構(gòu)成方式一樣,不規(guī)則動詞可參看不規(guī)則動詞表。實例:

  1)I've just copied all the new words .我剛抄寫了所有的生詞。 (表示不要再抄了)

  2)She has lost her books .她丟失了她的書。 (表示到目前為止還沒有找到)

  (如果用過去時:She lost her books . 則強調(diào)書是過去丟的這一動作,而不知現(xiàn)在有沒有找到)

  3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我們剛好打掃了教室。(表明現(xiàn)在教室是干凈的)

  (二)否定式

  主語+助動詞have /has+not+過去分詞+其它

  說明:現(xiàn)在完成時構(gòu)成否定句時,只需在助動詞have /has后面加not就行。have not,has not的縮略式分別為haven't ,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already時,改為否定時要分別改成any,yet。實例:

  1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我還沒有完成我的作業(yè)。

  2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她沒有坐火車旅行過。

  3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我們從來沒有和外國人說過話。

  注:有時not可以用never代替,表示“從來沒有”的意思。又如:

  4)I have never seen him before.以前我從來沒有見過他。

  (三)一般疑問式

  助動詞Have /Has +主語+過去分詞+其它 ?

  說明:把陳述句中的have或has放到句首,句末打問號,同時把句中的some ,already改為any ,ye t就構(gòu)成了一般疑問句??隙ɑ卮鹩?ldquo;Yes ,主語+have/has.?否定回答用“No,主語+haven't/hasn't.”有時也可以用“No,not yet./No ,never./No,not even once.”等。實例:

  1)—Have you ever made dumplings ?你曾經(jīng)做過餃子嗎?

  —Yes ,I have .是的,我做過。

  2)—Has she ever been abroad ?她曾經(jīng)出過國嗎?

  —No,never.不,從來沒有。

  3)—Have they found the lost books yet ?他們已經(jīng)找到了丟失的書嗎?

  —Yes ,they have.是的,他們找到了。

  注意:當句中有否定詞not ,hardly(幾乎不),never的時候,在改為反意疑問句時,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to our school ,have you ?你以前從來沒有來過我們學校,是嗎?

  八年級英語現(xiàn)在完成時:二、現(xiàn)在完成時的用法

  (一)現(xiàn)在完成時的用法1:表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。此時,常與時間副詞already(已經(jīng)) ,yet(還、已經(jīng)) ,just(剛剛、僅僅) ,ever(曾經(jīng)) ,never(從不) ,before(以前)等連用。這幾個副詞的用法如下:

  1.already意為“已經(jīng)”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助動詞之后,過去分詞之前,也可以放在句末。實例:

  1)I've already read this book. 我已經(jīng)讀過這本書了。

  (“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是“知道書中的內(nèi)容”。)

  2)I've washed my clothes already.我已經(jīng)洗了衣服。

  (洗衣服的動作已完成,其結(jié)果是“衣服冼干凈了”。)

  注意:在表示吃驚或明知故問等感情色彩時,already也可用于(口語)疑問句中。實例:

  3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已經(jīng)見過他了?

  2.yet用在疑問句中意為“已經(jīng)”,用在否定句中意為“還”,常放在句末。實例:

  1)—Has he found his watch yet ?他已經(jīng)找到他的手表了嗎?

  —No,not yet.不,還沒有。

  2)The woman hasn't found her dog yet .

  那位婦女還沒有找到她的狗。(沒找到狗,心里著急,這就是對現(xiàn)在的影響)

  3.just意為“剛剛”,表示行為剛剛過去,常放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。實例:

  He has just come back from school .他剛從學?;貋?。

  4.ever意為“曾經(jīng)”,用于疑問句或否定句中,放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。實例:

  1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong ?你曾去過香港嗎?

  2)I haven't ever spoken to her.我未曾和她說過話。

  5.never意為“從來沒有”常與before連用(before要放在句尾,而never多放在助動詞與過去分詞之間。實例:

  I have never travelled by plane before.我以前從來沒有乘飛機旅行過。

  6.before意為“以前”,指過去不確定的某個時間,總是放在句末,不受句型的限制。實例:

  1)Have you been to Hainan before ?你以前去過海南嗎?

  2)I haven't eaten Guangdong food before.我以前沒吃過廣東菜。

  (二)現(xiàn)在完成時用法二2——持續(xù)性用法(肯定句,疑問句中謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞):表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。此時常與“for +一段時間?或“since+過去的點時間或從句(從句用一般過去時)以及so far(到目前為止)等時間狀語連用。

  for + 段時間

  since +點時間

  實例:

  1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來我就住在這里。

  = I've lived here since 13 years ago.

  = I've lived here for 13 years.

  = It is 13 years since I began to live here.

  2)I haven't seen him for three years .我三年沒有看見他了。

  = I haven't seen him since three years ago

  = I haven't seen him since 2000.

  = It is 3 years since I saw him last time.

  3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city .

  自從到這個城市以來,王先生一直在這家工廠工作。

  4)She's been at this school since five years ago.

  自從五年前以來她就在這個學校。

  注意:①在這類句子的肯定句和疑問句中謂語動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞。短暫性動詞由于動作不能持續(xù),故不能與for(達到;累計)或since(自從。。。到現(xiàn)在)引出的時間狀語連用。

 ?、趯or和since引導的時間狀語提問要用How long

  1) 他入團兩年了。

  誤:He has joined the League for two years.

  正:He has been a League member for two years.

  2)我買這輛自行車三年了。

  誤:I have bought this bike for three years.

  正:I have had this bike for three years.

  2) ▲部分短暫性動詞與之對應的延續(xù)性動詞:

  短暫性動詞 延續(xù)性動詞

  die → be dead

  borrow → keep

  buy/catch → have

  get up → be up

  come → be in

  finish → be over

  leaver → be away

  open → be open

  close → be closed

  begin → be on

  become interested in → be interested in

  有人可能會問:一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去,那么這兩種時態(tài)有什么區(qū)別呢?

  ☆答:①一般過去時與具體的表示過去時間狀語如:yesterday連用;強調(diào)動作在過去發(fā)生,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。

 ?、诂F(xiàn)在完成時與自已的特征詞連用,強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或過去開始發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作。

  例: He saw the film last night. (過去時,表示他昨晚看過那部電影了,現(xiàn)在不知還要不要再看一次)

  He has (ever) seen the film before.(現(xiàn)在\完成時,表時他已看過那部電影,現(xiàn)在不想再看了)

  八年級英語現(xiàn)在完成時鞏固練習

  I.按要求轉(zhuǎn)換下列各句,每空一詞。

  1、He has already finished his homework.(改為否定句)

  He _______ finished his homework ________.

  2.They have found the lost books already.(改為一般疑問句,并作否定回答)

  ______ they _______ the lost books _______?No,they________.

  3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改為肯定句)

  Julia ______ _______ ________ home from school .

  4.You have never been to Shanghai before,_________ _________ ?(改為反意疑問句)

  5. He’s gone to Beijing, ______ ______?(改為反意疑問句)

  6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改為同義句)

  Mr Wang _________ _________ English in this school since 1999.

  7. He hasn’t left home for 3 days.(同義句)

  He _____ ______ ______ home for 3 days.

  8. They have lived here since 3 years ago. (對劃線提問)

  II.選擇正確答案。

  ( )1.—Who is Mary ?

  —____?I saw you talking with her at the meeting .

  A.Don't you meet her yet

  B.Didn't you met her yet

  C.Haven't you met her yet

  D.Hadn't you met her yet

  ( )2.—How do you like Beijing ,Mr Black?

  —Oh ,I ____ such a beautiful city .

  A.don't visit

  B.didn't visit

  C.haven't visited

  D.hadn't visited

  ( )3.The old people ____ lonely at all since we began to visit them once a week.

  A.don't feel

  B.hasn't felt

  C.haven't felt

  D.didn't feel

  ( ) 4.We have lived here ____ five years ago.

  A.when

  B.since

  C.before

  D.after


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