高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題及答案(2)
高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法解析:名詞性從句
一、引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
1. 連接代詞:who, whose, whom, what, which.有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任成分,如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。
2. 連接副詞:when, where, why, how.有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任成分,作狀語(yǔ)。
3. 連接詞:that, whether, if, as if.that 無詞義,在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,有時(shí)可省略;if (whether), as if雖有詞義,但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。
注意:連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句,因而從句中謂語(yǔ)不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分,連接詞whether 和if(是否),as if(好像)在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義,如果連接代詞與連接副詞,whether、if 和as if都用不上時(shí),才用that作連接詞(that本身無任何含義)。
二、主語(yǔ)從句
1. 主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句作主語(yǔ)。
e.g. Who will go is not important.
2. 用it作形式主語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn‘t matter so much whether you will come or not.
3. that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
三、表語(yǔ)從句
1. 表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ),位于系動(dòng)詞之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.
2. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞that有時(shí)可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
四、賓語(yǔ)從句
1. 賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可省略。
e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2. 介詞之后的賓語(yǔ)從句,不可用which或if連接,要分別用what或 whether.
e.g. I’m interested in whether you‘ve finished the work……
I’m interested in what you‘ve said.
3. whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,??苫Q。但下面情況不能互換。
(1)賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí),只用if,不用whether.
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
(2)用if 會(huì)引起誤解,就要用whether.
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if,容易當(dāng)成條件句理解)
(3)賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether 與or not直接連用,就不能換成if;不直接連用,可換。
e.g. I don‘t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
(4)介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。whether 可與不定式連用。whether也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句,還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,以上均不能換成if.但引導(dǎo)條件從句時(shí),只能用if,而不能用whether.
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don‘t know whether to go there.
Please come to see me if you have time.
五、同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語(yǔ),一般位于該名詞(如:news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等)之后,說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法解析:同位語(yǔ)從句
1.定義:用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。
2.用法:同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等,關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如:
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
對(duì)你生病這件事,他們都很焦慮。
Where did you get the idea that I could not come?
你在哪兒聽說我不能來?
Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on Russia.
德國(guó)已對(duì)俄國(guó)宣戰(zhàn)的消息一大早就傳來了。
注:同位語(yǔ)從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如:
I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 我不知道他是否來。
連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。
The question who should do the work requires consideration.
誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作,這個(gè)問題需要考慮。
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪兒去度暑假,這個(gè)問題我們還沒有決定。
It is a question how he did it.
那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問題。
解釋:
1.that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句之區(qū)別
that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句
that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
句法功能上
that只起連接從句的作用,無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。
that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用,還充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分。如在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。
如:The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位語(yǔ)從句,that不可省。)
李先生將是我們的新英語(yǔ)老師這個(gè)消息是真的。
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中作told的賓語(yǔ),可省。)
他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。
2.一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣should+動(dòng)詞原形表示。should可省。如:
This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
這就是我們唯一的請(qǐng)求:盡快解決這個(gè)問題。
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