高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

　　英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)，是學(xué)好英語(yǔ)的重要內(nèi)容。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為大家收集整理的高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，相信這些文字對(duì)你會(huì)有所幫助的。

　　高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)(一)

　　過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。vt 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。

　　Heated , water changes into steam .

　　The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .

　　1 作原因狀語(yǔ)，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句

　　Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …

　　2 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。

　　When heated , water can be changed into steam .

　　Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…

　　3 作條件狀語(yǔ)等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句

　　Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….

　　Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …

　　4 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)

　　The actress came in , followed by her fans .

　　She sat by the window , lost in thought .

　　5 作讓步狀語(yǔ)

　　Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….

　　6 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來(lái)表示伴隨情況。

　　The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .

　　All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .

　　Rewrite with proper conjunctions

　　Example : United we stand, divided we fall.

　　If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.

　　1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.

　　→When he was asked what had happened, …

　　2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.

　　→Because he was well known for his expert advice.

　　高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)(二)

　　1.倒裝句的定義：英語(yǔ)最基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。

　　如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面，就叫做倒裝。

　　2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成

　　a) 完全倒裝

　　將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過(guò)來(lái)，稱之為完全倒裝。

　　Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎?

　　Now comes the chance. 機(jī)會(huì)來(lái)了。

　　b) 部分倒裝

　　只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前，謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面，稱之為部分倒裝。例如：

　　Has he come? 他來(lái)了嗎?

　　Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。

　　Only in this way can we do the work better.

　　3. 倒裝的原因

　　a) 句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如：

　　Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎?

　　Long live peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲!

　　b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：

　　Such were his last words. 他最后的話就是這樣。

　　c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后，句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如：

　　Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的情景。

　　Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。

　　Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。

　　4. 倒裝句的基本用法

　　a) 構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句(除對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句外)：

　　When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?

　　Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?

　　b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down

　　c) 副詞only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí):

　　Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。

　　Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。

　　d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):

　　Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒(méi)有想到他竟能活著回來(lái)。

　　Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。

　　Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.

　　火車剛一進(jìn)站，我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。

　　e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:

　　He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。

　　He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒(méi)有去過(guò)農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。

　　f) 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開(kāi)頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首:

　　Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。

　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。

　　高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)(三)

　　英語(yǔ)中過(guò)去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，(此時(shí)的過(guò)去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：

　　She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)

　　一. 過(guò)去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。

　　Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

　　Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語(yǔ)：少說(shuō)多看)

　　Don't leave such an important thing undone.

　　Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

　　二.過(guò)分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。

　　1.注意“have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”的兩種情況：

　　A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"

　　eg: I have had my bike repaired.

　　The villagers had many trees planted just then.

　　B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"

　　Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

　　The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

　　He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

　　2."make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：

　　They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

　　I raised my voice to make myself heard.

　　三、過(guò)去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

　　When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

　　We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

　　He felt himself cheated.

　　The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

　　四、過(guò)去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如

　　The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

　　I would like my house painted white.

　　I want the suit made to his own measure.

　　I wish the problem settled.

　　五、過(guò)去分詞用在“with +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：

　　The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

　　With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

　　With everything well arranged,he left the office.

　　六、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。

　　現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

　　過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。

　　不定式作賓補(bǔ)：　表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽(tīng)到或感覺(jué)到的具體動(dòng)作。