高中英語(yǔ)名詞性從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析
高中英語(yǔ)名詞性從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)分析
在高中的學(xué)習(xí)中，學(xué)生會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)到很多的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)?lái)關(guān)于名詞性從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)的介紹，希望能夠幫助到大家。
高中英語(yǔ)名詞性從句的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組, 它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞可分為三類(lèi)：
?、賢hat(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，無(wú)詞義。只起連接作用，因此往往可以省略。)
whether, if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分，均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性。不可以省略。)
as if,as though(均表示“好像”，“似乎”)
?、趙hat, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which
③when, where, how, why
Who cleaned the blackboard is not known yet.誰(shuí)擦的黑板還不知道。
What he said is not true.他說(shuō)的不是實(shí)話
That he’ll come to see us is really great.他來(lái)看我們真是太好啦。
I don’t know why he is absent.我不知道為什么他不在。
The question is whether he will join us next time.問(wèn)題是下次他是否跟我們一起干。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。
1.主語(yǔ)從句
①由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：
Whether the country should build a nuclear power station is something we must discuss.
那個(gè)國(guó)家是否應(yīng)該建立核電站……
That light travels in straight line is known to all .光以直線傳播
?、谟蛇B接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：
What we need is more time. 我們所需要的是……
Whichever book you choose doesn’t matter to me.無(wú)論你選哪本書(shū)……
Whoever comes will be welcome.無(wú)論誰(shuí)來(lái)……
③由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句：
When the plane is to take off hasn’t been announced.飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛……
Where he has been is still a puzzle.他到過(guò)哪兒……
How much water is flowing can be measured easily.水的流量是多少……
?、荜P(guān)于形式主語(yǔ) it
▲It + be +形容詞+ that-從句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明顯……
It is likely that….很可能
▲It + be + -ed 分詞+ that-從句
It is believed that…人們相信……
It is known to all that…眾所周知……
(注意該句型的變式：It is known to all that the earth goes around the sun.=As is known to all,the earth goes around the sun.=What is known to all is that the earth goes around the sun.)
It has been decided that…已決定……
▲It + be +名詞+ that-從句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常識(shí)
It is a surprise that…令人驚奇的是……
It is a fact that…事實(shí)是……
可應(yīng)用于此句型的名詞還有fact / shame / honor / question/pity等。
▲It +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It doesn’t matter whether he likes or not.
2.表語(yǔ)從句
可以接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有 be, look, remain, seem等等。
The problem is that millions of people die of illnesses caused by smoking.
……數(shù)百萬(wàn)人死于由抽煙引起的疾病
The question remains whether we can win the game…..我們是否能贏得這次比賽
That’s just what I want. ……我想要的
This is where our problem lies. ……我們的問(wèn)題所在
The difficulty is how we can help smokers kick their habit……我們?nèi)绾螏椭鼰煹娜?hellip;…
注意：
①表語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式除了用從屬連詞，連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)以外，還可以由as, as if，as though引導(dǎo)
Things were not as they seemed.
It looks as though it is going to rain.好象要下雨了。
②另外還要注意以下常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：The reason why…is that … (而不用 because)
It ( This, That ) is because…
The reason why he was dismissed is that he didn’t work hard. 他為什么被開(kāi)除是因?yàn)樗ぷ鞑慌Α?/p>
It is because the tobacco companies want to remain in business.
3.同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句一般由 that, whether 等連詞引導(dǎo)，常放在 advice, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, question, reason, truth, word, suggestion.等名詞的后面，說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。
The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 登陸月球…….
I have no idea when he will be back. ……什么時(shí)候回來(lái)
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill……Mary也許病了
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.……是否同意
4.賓語(yǔ)從句
賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，介詞的賓語(yǔ)，某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。
①及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句：
She will give whoever needs help a warm support……任何需要幫助的人……
I wonder why she refused my invitation……她為什么拒絕了我的邀請(qǐng)
?、诮樵~后的賓語(yǔ)從句：
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我總是在思考如何提高我的口語(yǔ)水平。
The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老師對(duì)他所說(shuō)的話很滿意。
?、勰承┬稳菰~后的賓語(yǔ)從句：
I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.
……通過(guò)努力工作，你將取得更大的進(jìn)步
We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us…….他沒(méi)有告別就走了
④非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句：
Realizing that it was just a difference in custom,the foreigner smiled and said nothing
On being asked whether he had had a good time in Australia, he answered “Terrible ”.
?、蓐P(guān)于形式賓語(yǔ)it
We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
我們必須清楚任何違犯法律的人都將受到懲罰。
I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有必要征求他的意見(jiàn)。
5.名詞性從句重難點(diǎn)
?、僭诿~性從句中，疑問(wèn)句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如：
▲Can you make sure ____the gold ring ?
A.where Alice had put B.where had Alice put
C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put
▲You can't imagine __when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A.how they were excited B.how excited they were
C.how excited were they D.they were how excited
②動(dòng)詞 doubt 用在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中，其后賓語(yǔ)從句常用 that 作連接詞;用在肯定句中，連接詞用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用that。
Do you doubt that he will win ?
I don't doubt that your proposition is wrong .
He doubt whether I know it .
?、?否定轉(zhuǎn)移問(wèn)題。
▲將think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等動(dòng)詞后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)否定轉(zhuǎn)移
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回來(lái)。
We don't expect he will come tonight , will he ?
注意：若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你沒(méi)有生病吧。
▲將seem, appear 等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。
?、苤髦^一致問(wèn)題。
What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.
What I bought were three English books.
⑤語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題
▲在含有 suggest , order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，that從句常用“should+ 動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu) I suggest we (should) set off at once. 我建議我們應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)。
▲在It is +過(guò)去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中 decided，demanded，desired，insisted，ordered，proposed，suggested，recommended，requested， required等。
It is desired that we(should)get everything ready this evening.
▲在表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中
The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
▲在It is(was)+形容詞+that從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should +)動(dòng)詞原形，表示建議或不滿、驚奇等情緒。常用于此類(lèi)的形容詞有 essential，important，natural，necessary，possible，strange，等 It is necessary that a college student ____at least a foreign language.(上海1993)
A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master
⑥What引導(dǎo)名詞從句的特殊含義:
▲What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.
(what為“所……的事”，相當(dāng)于“the thing that…;all that…;everything that…”)
▲After ________ seemed a very long time，I opened my eye and found myself in bed.(M ET'93) A.what B.when C.that D.which
(what相當(dāng)于“the time that”，表示“……時(shí)間”)
▲He is not what he was a few years ago. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?
(what表示“……的人”，相當(dāng)于“the person that…”)
▲What is now the North Sahara Desert was once a civilized world.
(what表示“……的地方”，相當(dāng)于“the place that…”)
▲Our income is now double what it was ten years ago
(what表示“……的數(shù)目”，相當(dāng)于“the amount /number that…”)
⑦不可省略的連詞：
▲介詞后的連詞不可省略
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.
下樓之前，我已經(jīng)把我要說(shuō)的認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備好了。
▲引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略
That she was chosen made us very happy.她被選上了，我們很高興。
We heard the news that our team had won. 我們聽(tīng)到消息說(shuō)我們隊(duì)贏了。
▲賓語(yǔ)從句有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)時(shí)，從第二個(gè)及其后面的that不能省略
I believe(that)you have done your best and that things will get better.
?、啾容^：whether 與 if 均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether 不能被if 取代：
▲whether 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me .她是否來(lái)與我無(wú)關(guān)。
▲引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句
His first question was whether she had arrived yet. 他問(wèn)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是她來(lái)了沒(méi)有。
▲引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句
Answer my question whether you are coming.回答我你是否來(lái)的問(wèn)題。
▲whether 從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling .我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。
▲與or not連在一起
I don’t know whether or not he is going to Japan.我不知道他是否去日本。
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句都可以置于句末，用it 充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)。例如：
It is not important who will go. 誰(shuí)去，這不重要。
It is still unknown which team will win the match. 到底誰(shuí)贏呢，形勢(shì)尚不明朗。
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