高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析-江蘇卷+上海卷

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　　高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析-上海卷
　　考生注意：
　　1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘, 試卷滿分150分.
　　2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分.試卷分為第I卷(第1-12頁(yè))和第II卷(第13頁(yè))，全卷共13頁(yè).所3.有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分.
　　4.答題前,務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫(xiě)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名,并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上,在答題紙反而清楚地填寫(xiě)姓名.
　　第I卷(共103分)
　　I.Listening Comprehension
　　Section A
　　Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
　　1.A.It is satisfactory.
　　B.It is luxurious.
　　C.It is old-fashioned.
　　D.It is disappointing.
　　2.A.On August 5th.B.On August 6th.C.On August 7th.D.On August 8th.
　　3.A.A waiter.
　　B.A butcher.
　　C.A porter.
　　D.A farmer.
　　4.A.In a theatre. B.In a library.
　　C.In a booking office.
　　D.In a furniture store.
　　5.A.She expected to a better show.
　　B.She could hardly find her seat.
　　C.She wasn’t interested in the show.
　　D.She didn’t get a favourable seat.
　　6.A.The woman often eats out for breakfast.
　　B.The cafeteria serves good breakfast.
　　C.The woman doesn’t have breakfast.
　　D.The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.
　　7.A.Selling cucumbers. B.Planting vegetables.C.Cooking a meal. D.Picking tomatoes.
　　8.A.The man should work hard. B.The man should turn down the job offer.
　　C.The man may have another chance. D.The man can apply for the job again.
　　9.A.It is a hot and smoggy day. B.There is a traffic jam on King Street.
　　C.A vehicle is polluting the air.D.The man is reading a report online.
　　10.A.Its ending is not good enough. B.Its special effects are not satisfying.
　　C.It deserves an award. D.It is good except for the scary part.
　　Section B
　　Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages.The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
　　Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
　　11.A.$1B.$2C$3D.$ 52
　　12.A.Pay the bills first.
　　B.Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.
　　C.Deposit $1000 every month.
　　D.Put part of the money in a savings account.
　　13.A.Methods of saving money.
　　B.Saving money for family emergencies.
　　C.The importance of saving money.
　　D.Secrets of spending money wisely.
　　Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
　　14.A.Free education.
　　B.A sum of money.
　　C.Donations from a local newspaper.
　　D.Gifts from many people.
　　15.A.Let students in before school.
　　B.Offer ice cream and coffee.
　　C.Introduce a bank into the campus.
　　D.Reduce the traffic jams around.
　　16.A.It lacks positive news.
　　B.It should grow into a big city.
　　C.It is a place worth living in.
　　D.It remains peaceful and quiet.
　　Section C
　　Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet.
　　Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
　　Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer.
　　Class Diary (June 13-19)

13SUN
14MON	17    for after-class activity application
15TUE
16WED	Handing in three student     18
17THU	Basketball Club meeting Time:12:45—1:30pm       Place: The     19
18FRI	Filling in a form with up-to-date personal data Time:    20    break      Place: The computer room
19SAT

　　Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
　　Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Who is Sue Walter?	She is     21    in court and a writer.
What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?	22
In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?	23    in decision-making.
What does Sue think happiness is?	24

　　II.Grammar and Vocabulary
　　Section A
　　Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form.of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
　　(A)
　　Bags of Love
　　Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month.During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_ _(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine.Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)__ happened truly amazed me.She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)_ she distributed it to children.
　　I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_ _(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29) __(buy) the groceries if I found out?
　　When she got home, I told her about my discovery.(30)__ _ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)__ _ me.She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by (32)_ __ selfless she was.
　　【答案】
　　25.Wondering26.what27.which28.had done29.buying30.Before31.from32.how
　　【解析】
　　試題分析：本文屬于記敘文，我在無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽偷偷地幫助難民，贊美了媽媽善良無(wú)私的美麗品質(zhì).
　　25.Wondering考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ).動(dòng)詞wonder與本句主語(yǔ)I構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞wondering在句中做狀語(yǔ).
　　26.what考查主語(yǔ)從句.本句中連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句what happened，并在句中做主語(yǔ).句意：發(fā)生的事情真得讓我很驚訝.
　　27.which考查定語(yǔ)從句.本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the refugee camp，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作為介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，in which相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where.
　　28.had done考查時(shí)態(tài).根據(jù)上下文可知本文介紹的是我被派到媽媽家附近工作，這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，而媽媽幫助難民是在我來(lái)這里工作之前就發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情.
　　高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析-江蘇卷
　　注意事項(xiàng)：
　　1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。
　　2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。
　　3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。
　　4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。
　　第Ⅰ卷www.gaosan.com
　　第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
　　做題時(shí)，現(xiàn)將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
　　第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)
　　聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
　　例：How much is the shirt?
　　A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15.
　　答案是 C。
　　1.What are the speakers talking about?
　　A.Having a birthday party.
　　B.Doing some exercise.
　　C.Getting Lydia a gift.
　　2.What is the woman going to do?
　　A.Help the man.
　　B.Take a bus.
　　C.Get a camera.
　　3.What does the woman suggest the man do?
　　A.Tell Kate’s to stop.
　　B.Call Kate’s friends.
　　C.Stay away from Kate.
　　4.Where does the conversation probably take place?
　　A.In a wine shop.
　　B.In a supermarket.
　　C.In a restaurant.
　　5.What does the woman mean?
　　A.Keep the window closed.
　　B.Go out for fresh air.
　　C.Turn on the fan.
　　第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)
　　聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
　　聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
　　6.What is the man going to do this summer?
　　A.Teach a course.
　　B.Repair his house.
　　C.Work at a hotel.
　　7.How will the man use the money?
　　A.To hire a gardener.
　　B.To buy books.
　　C.To pay for a boat trip.
　　聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
　　8.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
　　A.Schoolmates.
　　B.Colleagues.
　　C.Roommates.
　　9.What does Frank plan to do right after graduation?
　　A.Work as a programmer.
　　B.Travel around the world.
　　C.Start his own business.
　　聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
　　10.Why does the woman make the call?
　　A.To book a hotel room.
　　B.To ask about the room service.
　　C.To make changers to a reservation.
　　11.When will the woman arrive at the hotel?
　　A.On September 15.
　　B.On September 16.
　　C.On September 23.
　　12.How much will the woman pay for her room per night?
　　A.$179
　　B.$199
　　C.$219.
　　聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
　　13.What is the woman’s plan for Saturday?
　　A.Going shopping. B.Going camping. C.Going boating.
　　14.Where will the woman stay in Keswick?
　　A.In a country inn. B.In a five-star hotel. C.In her aunt’s home.
　　15.What will Gordon do over the weekend?
　　A.Visit his friends. B.Watch DVDs. C.Join the woman.
　　16.What does the woman think of Gordon’s coming weekend?
　　A.Relaxed.B.Boring. C.Busy.
　　聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
　　17.Who is Wang Ming?
　　A.A student. B.An employer. C.An engineer.
　　18.What does the speaker say about the college job market this year?
　　A.It’s unpredictable. B.It’s quite stable. C.It’s not optimistic.
　　19.What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?
　　A.20%.
　　B.22%.
　　C.50%.
　　20.Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job?
　　A.They need more work experience
　　B.The salary is usually good.
　　C.Their choice is limited.
　　第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)
　　第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
　　請(qǐng)閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
　　例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.
　　A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
　　答案是B。
　　21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
　　A.why
　　B.what
　　C.as
　　D.that
　　【答案】D
　　【解析】
　　試題分析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：對(duì)于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實(shí)。故D正確。
　　考點(diǎn)：考查主語(yǔ)從句
　　22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
　　A.are madeB.will be madeC.are beingmadeD.have been made
　　【答案】B
CD.$ 52
　　12.A.Pay the bills first.
　　B.Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.
　　C.Deposit 00 every month.
　　D.Put part of the money in a savings account.
　　13.A.Methods of saving money.
　　B.Saving money for family emergencies.
　　C.The importance of saving money.
　　D.Secrets of spending money wisely.
　　Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
　　14.A.Free education.
　　B.A sum of money.
　　C.Donations from a local newspaper.
　　D.Gifts from many people.
　　15.A.Let students in before school.
　　B.Offer ice cream and coffee.
　　C.Introduce a bank into the campus.
　　D.Reduce the traffic jams around.
　　16.A.It lacks positive news.
　　B.It should grow into a big city.
　　C.It is a place worth living in.
　　D.It remains peaceful and quiet.
　　Section C
　　Directions: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet.
　　Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
　　Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer.
　　Class Diary (June 13-19)

13SUN
14MON	17 for after-class activity application
15TUE
16WED	Handing in three student 18
17THU	Basketball Club meeting Time:12:45—1:30pm Place: The 19
18FRI	Filling in a form with up-to-date personal data Time: 20 break Place: The computer room
19SAT

　　Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.
　　Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Who is Sue Walter?	She is 21 in court and a writer.
What is Sue’s suggestion for people with difficulties?	22
In Sue’s eyes, what is the best part about her job?	23 in decision-making.
What does Sue think happiness is?	24

　　II.Grammar and Vocabulary
　　Section A
　　Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form.of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
　　(A)
　　Bags of Love
　　Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month.During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly — we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_ _(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks.To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine.Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)__ happened truly amazed me.She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)_ she distributed it to children.
　　I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area.The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.Then it hit me —why would she not want to tell me about what she (28)_ _(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29) __(buy) the groceries if I found out?
　　When she got home, I told her about my discovery.(30)__ _ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)__ _ me.She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets.For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare.I was so impressed by (32)_ __ selfless she was.
　　【答案】
　　25.Wondering26.what27.which28.had done29.buying30.Before31.from32.how
　　【解析】
　　試題分析：本文屬于記敘文，我在無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)媽媽偷偷地幫助難民，贊美了媽媽善良無(wú)私的美麗品質(zhì).
　　25.Wondering考查現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ).動(dòng)詞wonder與本句主語(yǔ)I構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在分詞wondering在句中做狀語(yǔ).
　　26.what考查主語(yǔ)從句.本句中連接代詞what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句what happened，并在句中做主語(yǔ).句意：發(fā)生的事情真得讓我很驚訝.
　　27.which考查定語(yǔ)從句.本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是the refugee camp，關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作為介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，in which相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞where.
　　28.had done考查時(shí)態(tài).根據(jù)上下文可知本文介紹的是我被派到媽媽家附近工作，這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，而媽媽幫助難民是在我來(lái)這里工作之前就發(fā)生的事情，所以應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情.
　　高考英語(yǔ)試題及答案解析-江蘇卷
　　注意事項(xiàng)：
　　1.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試題卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。用2B鉛筆將答題卡上試卷類型A后的方框涂黑。
　　2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。
　　3.非選擇題的作答：用簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無(wú)效。
　　4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。
　　第Ⅰ卷www.gaosan.com
　　第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)
　　做題時(shí)，現(xiàn)將答案標(biāo)在試卷上，錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
　　第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)
　　聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題。從題中所給的 A、B、C 三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
　　例：How much is the shirt?
　　A.£ 19.15B.£ 9.18C.£ 9.15.
　　答案是 C。
　　1.What are the speakers talking about?
　　A.Having a birthday party.
　　B.Doing some exercise.
　　C.Getting Lydia a gift.
　　2.What is the woman going to do?
　　A.Help the man.
　　B.Take a bus.
　　C.Get a camera.
　　3.What does the woman suggest the man do?
　　A.Tell Kate’s to stop.
　　B.Call Kate’s friends.
　　C.Stay away from Kate.
　　4.Where does the conversation probably take place?
　　A.In a wine shop.
　　B.In a supermarket.
　　C.In a restaurant.
　　5.What does the woman mean?
　　A.Keep the window closed.
　　B.Go out for fresh air.
　　C.Turn on the fan.
　　第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)
　　聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
　　聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。
　　6.What is the man going to do this summer?
　　A.Teach a course.
　　B.Repair his house.
　　C.Work at a hotel.
　　7.How will the man use the money?
　　A.To hire a gardener.
　　B.To buy books.
　　C.To pay for a boat trip.
　　聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。
　　8.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
　　A.Schoolmates.
　　B.Colleagues.
　　C.Roommates.
　　9.What does Frank plan to do right after graduation?
　　A.Work as a programmer.
　　B.Travel around the world.
　　C.Start his own business.
　　聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。
　　10.Why does the woman make the call?
　　A.To book a hotel room.
　　B.To ask about the room service.
　　C.To make changers to a reservation.
　　11.When will the woman arrive at the hotel?
　　A.On September 15.
　　B.On September 16.
　　C.On September 23.
　　12.How much will the woman pay for her room per night?
　　A.9
　　B.9
　　C.9.
　　聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。
　　13.What is the woman’s plan for Saturday?
　　A.Going shopping. B.Going camping. C.Going boating.
　　14.Where will the woman stay in Keswick?
　　A.In a country inn. B.In a five-star hotel. C.In her aunt’s home.
　　15.What will Gordon do over the weekend?
　　A.Visit his friends. B.Watch DVDs. C.Join the woman.
　　16.What does the woman think of Gordon’s coming weekend?
　　A.Relaxed.B.Boring. C.Busy.
　　聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。
　　17.Who is Wang Ming?
　　A.A student. B.An employer. C.An engineer.
　　18.What does the speaker say about the college job market this year?
　　A.It’s unpredictable. B.It’s quite stable. C.It’s not optimistic.
　　19.What percentage of student job seekers have found a job by now?
　　A.20%.
　　B.22%.
　　C.50%.
　　20.Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job?
　　A.They need more work experience
　　B.The salary is usually good.
　　C.Their choice is limited.
　　第二部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)
　　第一節(jié)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)
　　請(qǐng)閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
　　例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.
　　A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
　　答案是B。
　　21.It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
　　A.why
　　B.what
　　C.as
　　D.that
　　【答案】D
　　【解析】
　　試題分析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：對(duì)于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事實(shí)。故D正確。
　　考點(diǎn)：考查主語(yǔ)從句
　　22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
　　A.are madeB.will be madeC.are beingmadeD.have been made
　　【答案】B