高考英語語法：帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮!
導(dǎo)讀：教書育人楷模，更好地指導(dǎo)自己的學(xué)習(xí)，讓自己不斷成長。讓我們一起到學(xué)習(xí)啦一起學(xué)習(xí)吧!下面學(xué)習(xí)啦網(wǎng)的小編給你們帶來了《高考英語語法：帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮!》供考生們參考。
【高中語法系列】帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮!
什么是虛擬語氣?是的，我們要學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣就必須先弄明白它的概念。
虛擬語氣包含兩種：一種指與事實相反或不可能發(fā)生。虛擬條件句+虛擬主句的結(jié)構(gòu)都屬于這一類;even if、even though、as if、as though引導(dǎo)的狀語中如果需要用到虛擬語氣也屬于這一類;wish、would rather后面接的賓語從句表示不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，還是屬于這一類。
另一種指與事實實際是否發(fā)生沒有直接關(guān)系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建議、命令、要求等相關(guān)的名詞性從句都屬于這一類。
大家知道以上兩類虛擬語氣后，我們就從從句的角度來系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語氣。緊跟小簡老師的步伐哦!
一. 虛擬條件句中的虛擬語氣
1、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況
從句：If+主語+did(be動詞用were)
主句：主語+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
如果我是你，我會帶把傘。(事實：我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。(事實：不知道)
If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth.
如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。(事實：地球上既有空氣也有水)
2、表示與過去事實相反的情況
從句：If+主語+had+done
主句：主語+should/would/might/could+have done
If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。(事實：去晚了)
If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.
如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。(事實：沒有聽我的話)
3、表示與將來事實相反的情況
從句：①if+主語+were to do
②if+主語+should+do
?、踚f+主語+過去式(be動詞用were)
主句：主語+should/would/might/could+do
If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?事實：不可能來)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.
如果下周日下大雪，我們就去滑冰。(事實：不可能下雪)
If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her about the matter.
如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。(事實：不可能來)
注意事項：
?、?錯綜時間句：
即虛擬條件狀語從句與虛擬主句中謂語動作的時間不一致。
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.
如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會成為一個工程師了。
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。
If he knew her,he would have greeted her that day.
如果他認(rèn)識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。
?、?虛擬條件句中的省略：
當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were,should,had 時，if 可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即把were,should,had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
要是他答應(yīng)去的話，我們就派他去了。
Were she here,she would agree with us.
如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
如果他懂一些電腦知識的話，我們已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了。
③ 用其它形式表達(dá)虛擬條件：
虛擬條件狀語從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或用其它方式表示出來。如without，but for(要不是...)等。
But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步。
We didnt know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。
?、?在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時態(tài)一律用were，不用was。
If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就會去找他。
⑤ 在虛擬條件句中，should/would/might/could四個詞只能用should;在虛擬主句中，主語只有是第一人稱時，才能用should。
If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.
如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。
If he had got there earlier, he would have met her.
如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。
二. 名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣
1、表達(dá)和建議、要求、命令、主張等含義相關(guān)的名詞性從句，一律用主語+should+動詞原形(should可以省略)結(jié)構(gòu)。具體涉及到這些動詞以及它們的名詞形式：
一堅持(主張)：insist
二命令：order，command
三要求：require，request，demand
四建議：suggest，advise，propose，recommend
例如：
It was suggested that he(should)join in the club activities.(主語從句)
I suggested that he(should)join in the club activities.(賓語從句)
My suggestion was that he(should)join in the club activities.(表語從句)
I had an suggestion that he(should)join in the club activities.(同位語從句)
這四句話表達(dá)同一個意思：我建議他加入這個俱樂部的活動。
2、表示重要性、必要性、吃驚等時，一律用it is+形容詞+that+主語+should+動詞原形(should可以省略)結(jié)構(gòu)。
例如：
Its important that you (should) study English hard.
努力學(xué)習(xí)英語是很重要的。
Its necessary that you (should) praise your students as much as possible.
盡可能多的表揚你的學(xué)生是有必要的。
It is strange that she (should) not have been invited.
很奇怪她竟然沒有被邀請。
3. ① wish 后面所跟的賓語從句，其謂語動詞用虛擬語氣(意為要是/但愿就好了)，其形式主要有三種：
表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：wish+一般過去時的賓語從句
表示對過去情況的虛擬：wish+ 過去完成時的賓語從句
表示對將來情況的虛擬：wish+ would/could+動詞原形
I wish it were spring all year round.
我希望一年四季都是春天。
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.
我希望明天天氣好。
She wished she had stayed at home then.
她希望她當(dāng)時待在家里。
if only 后接從句也用虛擬語氣，其形式與wish的用法一致。
?、?would rather 后面所跟的賓語從句，其謂語動詞用虛擬語氣(意為寧愿......)，其形式主要有兩種：
表示對現(xiàn)在/將來情況的虛擬：wish+一般過去時的賓語從句
表示對過去情況的虛擬：wish+ 過去完成時的賓語從句
三. 其它從句中的虛擬語氣
1、虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中
?、?由as if 或 as though 所引導(dǎo)的方式狀浯從句，若從句與事實相反，則要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下：
主句+as if/ though +主語+一般過去時(從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
主句+as if/ though +主語+would/could+動詞原形(從句的動作與將來事實相反)
主句+as if/ though +主語+過去完成時(從句的動作與過去事實相反)
He talks as if he knew all about it.
他說起來好像知道這件事的全部一樣。
She speaks English well as if she had studied in America.
她說英語很好，好像過去在美國待過一樣。
He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.
他學(xué)英語如此努力，好像他要出國一樣。
② 由 even if 或 even though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，若從句與事實相反，則從句和主句都要用虛擬語氣。其形式如下：
主句+even if/ though +主語+一般過去時(從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實相反)
主句+even if/ though +主語+would/could+動詞原形(從句的動作與將來事實相反)
主句+even if/ though +主語+過去完成時(從句的動作與過去事實相反)
Even if you werent her son, she would treat you like this.
即使你不是她的兒子，她也會這樣對待你的。
I would have married her even if she had been penniless.
即使她身無分文，我也會和她結(jié)婚。
2、虛擬語氣用在定語從句中
在it is (high) time that句型中也用虛擬語氣，從句常用過去式，有時也用should+動詞原形，表示該做而沒做的事，含建議的意味。
It is time that we went home.=It is time that we should go home.
我們該回家了。
It is time we left. =It is time we should leave.
我們該走了。
It is time we summed up our results.= It is time we should sum up our results.
我們該總結(jié)我們的成績了。
別只會用“To be honest”
每天學(xué)會一個表達(dá)，一年就能脫口而出純正的英語!提起老實說，很多人腦海里自然而然出現(xiàn)To be honest。其實除了可以這樣說，還可以用別的表達(dá)方式喲!
To be candid
To be candid， I love the girl.
老實說，我發(fā)誓，我愛那女孩。
Frankly
Frankly， I think you are talking nonsense.
老實說，我認(rèn)為你是在講廢話。
In all honesty
In all honesty he had to admit that he was glad.
老實說他得承認(rèn)他很高興。
In fact
In fact， I think youre right.
老實說，我認(rèn)為你是對的。
As a matter of fact
As a matter of fact，I am hungry.
老實說，我餓了。
Being honest
Being honest， you ll make a fortune out of it.
老實說，你可以從中賺一大筆錢呢。
高考英語語法：帶你走出虛擬語氣的迷宮!
