零冠詞的用法及考查要點(diǎn)
冠詞本身不能單獨(dú)使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的冠詞有三種,一種是定冠詞,另一種是不定冠詞,還有一種是零冠詞。零冠詞是指名詞前面沒有不定冠詞、定冠詞,也沒有其他限定詞的現(xiàn)象,零冠詞的用法如下:
考題點(diǎn)擊1 If you go by ______ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get ______ fast one. (05全國(guó)卷3)
A.the; the B.不填;a C.the; a D.不填;不填
在由介詞by 加表示交通方式的名詞短語中,不用冠詞。但如果by 不表示交通方式,而表示地理位置,就需要加冠詞了。如:by sea 乘船;by the sea 在海邊
考題點(diǎn)擊2 It is often said that _____ teachers have _____ very easy life. ( 05北京卷)
A. 不填;不填C. the, 不填B. 不填;a D. the, a
teachers 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用來表示類屬,不加冠詞。只有在特定范圍內(nèi)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前才加冠詞。“have a … life”是一個(gè)習(xí)慣短語,表示“過著… 的生活”。
考題點(diǎn)擊3 The warmth of _______ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of ______wool used. (01全國(guó))
A. the; the B. the;/ C. /; the D. /; /
sweater 的保暖性能取決于使用哪一種類型的羊毛。the 加單數(shù)名詞sweater 表示一種類型;而羊毛是物質(zhì)名詞,表示類屬的物質(zhì)名詞不加冠詞。
零冠詞的用法
1)國(guó)名,人名前通常不用定冠詞:England,Mary;
2)泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,表示一類人或事物時(shí),可不用定 冠詞;They are teachers. 他們是教師。
3)抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞;Failure is the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母
4)物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),通常不加冠詞,當(dāng)表示 特定的意思時(shí),需要加定冠詞;Man cannot live without water. 人離開水就無法生存。
5)在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時(shí)間的名詞之前,不加冠詞;We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我們從星期一到星期五都上課。
6)在稱呼或表示官銜,職位的名詞前不加冠詞;The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵們把這個(gè)美國(guó)人送到李將軍那里。
7)在三餐飯、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和娛樂運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前,不加冠詞 如:have breakfast,play chess 但如果三餐飯的名詞前有形容詞修飾,則需要加冠詞。如:have a big breakfast
8)當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞并用時(shí),常省去冠詞;
I can‘t write without pen or pencil. 沒有鋼筆和鉛筆,我就寫不了字。
9)當(dāng)by 與火車等交通工具連用,表示一種方式時(shí),中間無冠詞;by bus,by train;
10)有些個(gè)體名詞不用冠詞;如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等個(gè)體名詞,直接置于介詞后,表示該名詞的深層含義;go to hospital 去醫(yī)院看病go to the hospital 去醫(yī)院(并不一定去看病)
11)不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞;a. 序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞b. 序數(shù)詞作副詞He came first in the race. c. 在固定詞組中at (the) first, first of all, from first to last
12)在復(fù)習(xí)過程中注意不帶冠詞的短語和習(xí)慣用語。
13)特別注意加冠詞和不加冠詞的意義區(qū)別。如:go to hospital --- go to the hospital at table --- at the table in charge of --- in the charge of out of question --- out of the question
不定冠詞的位置
考題點(diǎn)擊1 ______ role she played in the film! No wonder she D has won an Oscar. (2002上海春)
A. How interesting C. What interesting B. How an interesting D. What an interesting
不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。但位于下列形容詞之后:such,what,many,half,如:I have never seen such an animal. Many a man is fit for the job.
考題點(diǎn)擊2 We were in ________ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets. (2003上海)
A. a rush so anxious C. so an anxious rush B. a such anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
當(dāng)名詞前的形容詞被副詞as, so, too, how, however, enough修飾時(shí),不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后:It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. So short
a time. Too long a distance.
還需注意下面三個(gè)問題:
1、quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用,冠詞放在其后。但當(dāng)rather,quite 前仍有形容詞,不定冠詞放其前后均可。如:quite a lot
2、在as,though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,當(dāng)標(biāo)語為形容詞修飾的名詞時(shí),不定冠詞放形容詞后:Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他盡管勇敢,可見到蛇還是發(fā)抖。
3、當(dāng)名詞被比較級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí),不定冠詞通常置于比較級(jí)形容詞之后。
定冠詞的位置
考題點(diǎn)擊1 考題點(diǎn)擊He did it ____ it took me. (2003北京)
A.one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the
time 定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等詞之后,名詞之前。
All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。