中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全(三)

　　連詞

　　I. 要點(diǎn)

　　1、 連詞的種類(lèi)

　　(1) 并列連詞用來(lái)連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

　　(2) 從屬連詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

　　除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句)外，還有其它可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句的詞類(lèi)。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)。

　　2、 常用連詞舉例

　　(1)and 和，并且

　　They drank and sang all night.

　　(2) both…and 和， 既…也…

　　Both my parents and I went there.

　　(3) but 但是，而

　　I’m sad, but he is happy.

　　(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…

　　Either you’re wrong, or I am.

　　(5) for因?yàn)?/p>

　　I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

　　(6) however 然而，可是

　　Af first, he didn’t want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

　　(7) neither…nor 既不…也不

　　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

　　(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…

　　He not only sings well, but also dances well.

　　(9) or 或者，否則

　　Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

　　Are you a worker or a doctor?

　　(10) so 因此，所以

　　It’s getting late, so I must go.

　　(11) although 雖然

　　Although it was late, they went on working.

　　(12) as soon as 一 …就

　　I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.

　　(13) because 因?yàn)?/p>

　　He didn’t go to school, because he was ill.

　　(14)unless 除非，如果不

　　I won’t go unless it is fine tomorrow.

　　(15)until 直到…

　　He didn’t leave until eleven. (瞬間動(dòng)詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))

　　He stayed there until eleven.

　　(16)while 當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而 (表示對(duì)比)

　　While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞)

　　My pen is red while his is blue.

　　(17)for 因?yàn)?/p>

　　He was ill, for he didn’t come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來(lái)的)

　　(18)since自從…

　　I have lived here since my uncle left.

　　(19)hardly… when 一… 就

　　I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

　　(20)as far as 就… 來(lái)說(shuō)

　　As far as I know, that country is very small.

　　You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

　　II. 例題

　　例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

　　A as well B as well as C so well D so well as

　　解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。

　　例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

　　A when B where C which D while

　　解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。

　　例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

　　A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

　　解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。

　　中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全(四)

　　動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　I. 要點(diǎn)

　　1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

　　(2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：The earth goes round the sun.

　　2、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　(1) 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now, at present等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：

　　What are you doing now?

　　(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，常含有某種情感。如：

　　He is always doing good deeds.

　　3、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　主要表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?

　　4、一般將來(lái)時(shí)

　　表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：

　　I’ll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

　　We’re going to see a film next Monday.

　　5、一般過(guò)去時(shí)

　　表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.

　　6、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

　　What were you doing this time yesterday?

　　7、 過(guò)去完成時(shí)

　　表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。如：

　　The train had already left before we arrived.

　　8、一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)

　　表示說(shuō)話人從過(guò)去的角度來(lái)看將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

　　He said he would come, but he didn’t.

　　9、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。

　　時(shí)/式 　　　　　一般　　　　　　 進(jìn)行 　　　　　　完成

　　現(xiàn)在 am is 　given are am is 　being are has 　　　been given have

　　過(guò)去 was 　　　given were was 　　being given were had been given

　　將來(lái) shall 　　　be given will shall 　　　have been given will

　　過(guò)去將來(lái) should 　　　be given would should 　　　have been given would

　　II.例題

　　例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

　　A had died B died C dead D is dead

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，但因從句中有明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in 1950, 所以不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

　　A is looked B has looked for

　　C is being looked for D has been looked

　　解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，而不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中。

　　中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全(五)

　　動(dòng)詞虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　I. 要點(diǎn)

　　表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書(shū)面語(yǔ)中。

　　1、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣的構(gòu)成

　　注：如果條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包含有were或had, should, could有時(shí)可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：

　　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

　　2、 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用

　　(1) 在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語(yǔ)形式是"should(可省) +動(dòng)詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。

　　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

　　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

　　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

　　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

　　(2) 在賓語(yǔ)從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

　　I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

　　(3) 在表語(yǔ)從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請(qǐng)求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語(yǔ)通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

　　(4) 在同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)形式是"(should)+動(dòng)詞原形"。如：

　　We received order that the work be done at once.

　　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是"動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式"或

　　"should +動(dòng)詞原形",should不可省。如：It’s time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

　　II. 例題

　　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

　　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

　　解析：該題正確答案為D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動(dòng)詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".

　　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

　　A comes B came C should come D will come

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)表示。

　　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.

　　A had done B might have done C might do D would do

　　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為B。