初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編收集整理的初三英語(yǔ)《被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)》的語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)以供大家學(xué)習(xí)。
初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn):被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài):主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Active Voice)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Passive Voice)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。
構(gòu)成:承受者+助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):承受者+助動(dòng)詞am / is/are +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者
一般過(guò)去時(shí):承受者+助動(dòng)詞was / were +及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者
承受者+助動(dòng)詞shall / will be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者
承受者+助動(dòng)詞 have/ has been+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者
承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+by+執(zhí)行者
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法:
1)當(dāng)我們不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),或者沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí),需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
2)當(dāng)我們需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
3)如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者, 用by引導(dǎo)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與新主語(yǔ)保持一致。
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)有以下幾種情況:
1)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)
將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。
(主動(dòng))We bought a book yesterday.
(被動(dòng))The book was bought yesterday.
2)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。多數(shù)情況下將間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)。
如果直接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to / for。
(主動(dòng))He showed me a book yesterday.
(被動(dòng))I was showed a book yesterday.
(被動(dòng))The book was showed to me yesterday.
3)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)
含有一個(gè)由賓語(yǔ)加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留不變,成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 (主動(dòng))I found him a good pupil. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
(被動(dòng))He was found a good pupil. (主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
4)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
有些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,其后可以接賓語(yǔ),因此它們也有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不可分割的整體,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可去掉其后面的介詞或副詞。 (主動(dòng))We should look after the patients very well.
(被動(dòng))The patients should be looked after very well by us.
5)賓語(yǔ)從句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
若主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中是賓語(yǔ)從句,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把真正的主語(yǔ)放在后面。
It’s said that he passed the exam.
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)特殊問(wèn)題:
(1)不及物動(dòng)詞帶介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ),在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),仍然要帶上介詞。 (主動(dòng))The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.
(被動(dòng))The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
(2)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)時(shí),并且賓補(bǔ)是省去“to”的動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中應(yīng)加上“to”。
(主動(dòng))They make do all the work.
(被動(dòng))We were made to do all the work.
(主動(dòng))We often hear her sing English songs.
(被動(dòng))She is often heard to sing English songs.
(主動(dòng))I see him walk to school.
(被動(dòng))He is seen to walk to school.