英語必修一單元一知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
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英語必修一單元一知識(shí)點(diǎn)：短語
1. 做個(gè)好朋友 to be a good friend
2. 做下列調(diào)查 make the following survey
3. 合計(jì)總分 add up the score
4. 得分 get points
5. 心煩意亂地來到學(xué)校 come to school upset
6. 不理睬鈴聲 ignore the bell
7. 使你那個(gè)德國(guó)朋友平靜下來 calm down your German friend
8. 關(guān)心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s)
9. 松開了 get loose
10. 不得不去戶外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors
11. 幫他期末考試作弊 help him cheat in the end-of-term exam
12. 列出理由make a list of reasons / list the reasons
13. 記下一連串的請(qǐng)求 set down a series of requests
14. 根據(jù)問卷調(diào)查 according to the questionnaire
15. 根據(jù)編輯的忠告 according to the editor’s advice
16. 為了分擔(dān)你的困難 in order to share your difficulties / troubles
17. 與老板相愛 fall in love with the boss
18. 與我的同桌相處融洽 get along / on well with my deskmate
19. 關(guān)心青少年 be concerned about teenagers
20. 為了和老板面對(duì)面地交流 in order to communicate with the boss face to face
21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government
22. 經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) go through too many wars
23. 相鄰的城鎮(zhèn) neighboring towns
24. 相鄰的國(guó)家 neighboring countries
英語必修一單元一知識(shí)點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)句子
1. Mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.媽媽問她穿那么多衣服是不是很熱。
[解釋] with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)： with + 賓語+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases
由“介詞with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條件等，另外，該結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作為定語使用。下面簡(jiǎn)述幾種情況：
1) 如果在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞表示的動(dòng)作是由前面的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的，構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，該分詞用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
2) 如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與前面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，該分詞用過去分詞形式。
3) 賓語補(bǔ)足語也可以使用介詞短語，形容詞或副詞來充當(dāng)。
[典例]
1.with + 賓語 + 副詞，如： The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on).
With his parents away (= As his parents are away), Tom becomes more naughty.
The teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand).
The girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes).
3.with + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞，如： With summer corning (= As summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
With the teacher standing beside (= As the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy.
4.with + 賓語 + 過去分詞，如： With the work done (= As the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.
With his hair cut (= As his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.
5.with + 賓語 + 不定式，如： With her to go with us (= As she will go with us), we're sure to have a pleasant journey.
With Mr Smith to teach them English next term(= As Mr Smith will teach them English) , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
[練習(xí)] 中譯英： 1. 那房子昨晚發(fā)生火災(zāi)，結(jié)果里面的東西都燒光了。2. 下學(xué)期史密斯先生教他們英語，他們的口語會(huì)大有提高。
3. 隨著冬天的到來，天氣越來越冷。答案：1. The house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it.
2. With Mr Smith to teach them English next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken English.
2. I don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水帳……
[解釋] as引導(dǎo)的從句為比較狀語從句，意為“像大多數(shù)人那么做”。
as 用作連詞，可引導(dǎo)下列狀語從句：
1). 引導(dǎo)狀語從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語動(dòng)詞與從句謂語的同時(shí)性 As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
隨著他年紀(jì)越來越大，他失去了對(duì)所有事物的興趣，除了園藝。
2). 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然，即使”(從句需倒裝)Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 盡管天氣冷，我哥只穿了一件襯衫。
3). 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，表示“以……方式”。 Why didn’t you take the medicine as I told you to? 為什么你沒有按我說的服這藥?
4). 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句 (=since; because)，“由于，因?yàn)?rdquo;。 As you were not there, I left a message. 因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)你不在那，所以我給你留了便條。
5) 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。She is as tall as you. 她和你一樣高。
[練習(xí)] 中譯英 1. 隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)我越來越對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣。2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。3. 他學(xué)習(xí)很努力，但考試還是沒及格。 答案： 1. As l get older l get more interested in science. 2. As it is raining hard，you'd better put on your raincoat.
3. Hard as he worked，he failed in the exam.
3. It is/was the…time that… ……第幾次……
[解釋] that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用完成時(shí)態(tài)。 1). It is the first time that he has heard this song.
[練習(xí)] 中譯英1 這是他第二次來中國(guó)。2.這是我第一次舉辦畫展。 答案： 1. It is the second time that he has come to China.
2. It was the first time that I had held an art exhibition.
英語必修一單元一知識(shí)點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)詞匯
1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的，不安的;不適的 vt. (upset, upset)
[典例] 1). Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一來把我們周末的安排給打亂了。
2). Don't upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要難過--并沒有造成傷害。
3). He was horribly upset over her illness. 他為她的病而憂心忡忡。 4). The students really upset her. 學(xué)生們著實(shí)讓她煩惱。
[重點(diǎn)用法] 1.be upset by… 被…… 打亂 upset oneself about sth 為某事煩惱
[練習(xí)] 用upset的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). Is it ______ you, dear? 2). She felt rather ______ on hearing the news. 3). Is it an ______ message? 4). Don’t be ______. It will be OK. 答案: 1). upsetting 2). upset 3). upsetting 4).upset
2. concern v. 擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心，關(guān)注;(利害)關(guān)系
[典例] 1). The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。
2). The boy's poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳,使他的父母親憂慮。
3). That's no concern of mine. 那不關(guān)我的事。
[重點(diǎn)用法] as / so far as … be concerned 關(guān)于;至于;就……而言
be concerned about 關(guān)心 be concerned at / over sth. 為某事憂慮 be concerned in sth. 牽涉到，與……有關(guān)，參與
[練習(xí)] 用concern的適當(dāng)形式填空
1). There is an article that _______ the rise of the prices.
2). The children are rather _____ about their mother’s health.
3). Officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs. 答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with
3. settle vt. 安家;定居;停留 vt. 使定居，安家;解決
[典例] 1). He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安頓在車廂的一個(gè)角落里。
2). The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。
3). Both wanted to settle their scores. 雙方都愿意捐棄前嫌。
[重點(diǎn)用法] settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 settle in 在…定居
[練習(xí)] 中譯英
1). 都十一點(diǎn)了，她安不下心來工作。2). 題目這么難，誰能解決?
答案: 1). It’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work. 2). Since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?
4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受;忍受;經(jīng)歷
[典例] 1). Do you suffer from headaches? 你常頭痛嗎? 2). She's suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。
[重點(diǎn)用法] suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不適﹑ 悲傷等; 受苦; 吃苦頭:
[練習(xí)] 中譯英 1).我們?cè)诮鹑谖C(jī)中損失慘重。2).他的腳痛得不得了。
答案: 1). We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 2). He suffers terribly with his feet.
5. disagree vt. 不同意
[典例] 1). Even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有時(shí)意見不一。
2). We disagreed on future plans. 我們對(duì)未來的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生了分歧。
[重點(diǎn)用法] disagree with sb/what sb says/sb's decision 不同意某人的觀點(diǎn)[某人的話/某人的決定]
[練習(xí)] 中譯英1). 羅馬的報(bào)道與米蘭的不符。2). 他不同意讓我早些回家。
Key: 1). The reports from Rome disagree with those from Milan. 2). He disagreed to let me go home early.
英語必修一單元一知識(shí)點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)詞組
1. add up 加起來
[典例] 1). Add up your scores and see how many points you can get.把你的得分加起來，看看你能得幾分。
2). Tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?湯姆，10，20和5加起來是多少?
[短語歸納] add (…) to …. (把什么)加入…中 add up to … 加起來是
[練習(xí)] 用add的適當(dāng)形式或構(gòu)成的詞組填空
1). Will you _____ some more students to this project? 2). Small numbers _____ a large one. 3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100.
答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added
2. go through 經(jīng)歷;經(jīng)受
[典例] 1). The country has gone through too many wars. 這個(gè)國(guó)家經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近經(jīng)歷了一段困難時(shí)期。
[短語歸納] go after追求，追趕
go in for愛好，從事 go ahead前進(jìn);請(qǐng)說(做)吧 go up爬上，(價(jià)格等)上升 go by走過，(時(shí)間)過去 go along with向前，(與……)一起去 go out外出;(燈，火)熄滅 go over越過;復(fù)習(xí)
[練習(xí)] 用go 構(gòu)成的詞組填空
1). It is wise not to ____ with this plan. 2). Prices ______ a little now. People are happy. 3). Anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself.
4). I am tired. I want to _____ now. 答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed
3.on purpose 故意，有目的地
[典例] The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想嚇一下杰克。
[短語歸納] do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事 on purpose 表示故意地、有企圖、有目的地
[練習(xí)]用 purpose的相關(guān)詞匯填空
1). He didn’t do it ______. 2). What was your ____ ?答案: 1). on purpose 2). purpose
4. get along with 與某人相處;(工作的) 進(jìn)展
[典例]1). He is not easy-going. It’s very hard to get along with him 他不是個(gè)隨和的人，很難相處。
2). How are you getting along with your work? 工作進(jìn)展如何?
[短語歸納] get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 與……相處得好/不好，……進(jìn)展順利/不順利 through通過，做完 get away離開，逃離 get down下來;寫下，取下 get down to (doing)開始認(rèn)真干…… get over克服，擺脫 get get together聚集
[練習(xí)] 中譯英 1). 你現(xiàn)在和同事相處得好不好? 2). 她已重新獲得從前那份工作。
答案: 1). Are you getting along well with your colleagues? 2). She's got her old job back.
5. in order to… 為了……(可置于句首或句中)
[典例] 1). She arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 圖的是得個(gè)好座位。
2). I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建議是為了不讓她傷心。
[短語歸納] in order that… 以便……(后跟句子) so that…以便……(后跟句子)
so as to為了……(只能置于句中，不能置于句首)
[練習(xí)] 中譯英 1. 他早早動(dòng)身好按時(shí)到達(dá)。 2. 她拼命干以便能到6點(diǎn)時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。
答案: 1.He left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time.
2. In order to get everything ready by 6 o'clock, she worked hard.
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