英語必修五知識點(2)
英語必修五知識點：過去分詞
過去分詞兼有動詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。過去分詞和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成過去分詞短語。它在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語或狀語。這節(jié)課講解作定語、表語的用法。
1. 作定語
作定語的過去分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表語
過去分詞作表語,多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
過去分詞作表語，相當于形容詞，常見的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
過去分詞作表語時，應(yīng)注意與被動結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀態(tài)或具有的性質(zhì)、特點;被動結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)謂語動作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(狀態(tài))
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(動作)
I'm interested in chess.(狀態(tài))
3. 過去分詞做狀語
①表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來強調(diào)時間概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
?、诒碓颍喈斢谝粋€原因狀語從句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
③表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用 if 等詞
Heated, water changes into steam.
Given another chance, he will do better.
?、鼙碜尣剑喈斢谝粋€though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
?、荼戆殡S，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
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