高中英語必修5語法知識點：過去分詞作賓補

　　英語中過去分詞可作賓補，(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：
　　She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補與賓語有被動的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)
　　一. 過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動詞keep,leave等的后面。
　　Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
　　Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看)
　　Don't leave such an important thing undone.
　　Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
　　二.過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。
　　1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：
　　A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
　　eg: I have had my bike repaired.
　　The villagers had many trees planted just then.
　　B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"
　　Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
　　The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
　　He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
　　2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：
　　They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
　　I raised my voice to make myself heard.
　　三、過去分詞用在感觀動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
　　When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
　　We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
　　He felt himself cheated.
　　The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
　　四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動詞后面做賓補。如
　　The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
　　I would like my house painted white.
　　I want the suit made to his own measure.
　　I wish the problem settled.
　　五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語+賓補”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關(guān)系。如：
　　The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
　　With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
　　With everything well arranged,he left the office.
　　六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區(qū)別。
　　現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動作與謂語動作同時進行。
　　過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關(guān)系。其動作先于謂語動作。
　　不定式作賓補：　表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。
　　eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
　　I heard the song sung in English.
　　I saw him opening the window.
　　I saw the window opened.
　　I saw him open the window.
　　I heard her sing the song in English.

　　高中英語必修5語法知識點：過分作狀語

　　Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
　　Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
　　Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
　　Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
　　過去分詞作狀語：過去分詞作狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個狀語從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語時與主句主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，表示被動和完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動作的完成。
　　Heated , water changes into steam .
　　The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
　　1 作原因狀語，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句
　　Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
　　2 作時間狀語，等于when 引導(dǎo)時間從句，如果分詞表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時間意義更明確。
　　When heated , water can be changed into steam .
　　Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
　　3 作條件狀語等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句
　　Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
　　Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
　　4 作方式或伴隨狀語
　　The actress came in , followed by her fans .
　　She sat by the window , lost in thought .
　　5 作讓步狀語
　　Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
　　6 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來表示伴隨情況。
　　The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
　　All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
　　Rewrite with proper conjunctions
　　• Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
　　If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
　　1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
　　→When he was asked what had happened, …
　　2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
　　→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
　　3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
　　If we were given more time,
　　4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
　　Once it was translated into Chinese,
　　5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
　　Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
　　6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
　　Although he was left alone at home,
　　現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語
　　現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系，;而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動關(guān)系。
　　Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
　　• 選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：
　　• Used for a long time, the book looks old.
　　• 由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。
　　Using the book, I find it useful.
　　• 在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用
　　注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
　　_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
　　______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)

•be lost in •be dressed in •be interested in •be devoted to be supposed to

•be caught in the rain •be seated in •be prepared for •be determined to

　　2.不與主語保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
　　generally speaking　一般說來
　　strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說/坦白地說
　　judging from 從…判斷
　　all things considered 從整體來看
　　taking all things into consideration　全面看來
　　例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
　　Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
　　總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的動作)

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