英語(yǔ)四級(jí)?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
2017年6月四級(jí)考試不到兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間了，你復(fù)習(xí)好了嗎?你知道英語(yǔ)四級(jí)有哪些?？嫉闹R(shí)點(diǎn)嗎?接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了英語(yǔ)四級(jí)?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)，一起來(lái)看看吧。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞
1) 表示動(dòng)作中狀態(tài)的詞叫做動(dòng)詞。
2) 根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動(dòng)詞可分為四類，分別是：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(Notional Verb)、系動(dòng)詞(Link Verb)、助動(dòng)詞(Auxiliary Verb)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verb)。
說(shuō)明：有些情況下，有些動(dòng)詞是兼類詞，例如：
We are having a meeting. 我們正在開(kāi)會(huì)?！?(having是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。)
He has gone to New York. 他已去紐約。
(has是助動(dòng)詞。)
3) 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其后是否帶有賓語(yǔ)，可分為兩類，分別是：及物動(dòng)詞(Transitive Verb)、不及物動(dòng)詞(Intransitive Verb)，縮寫(xiě)形式分別為vt. 和vi.。
說(shuō)明：同一動(dòng)詞有時(shí)可用作及物動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。例如：
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物動(dòng)詞。)
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物動(dòng)詞。)
4) 根據(jù)是否受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制，可分兩類，分別是：限定動(dòng)詞(Finite Verb)、非限定動(dòng)詞(Non-finite Verb)例如：
She sings very well.
她唱得很好。(sing受主語(yǔ)she的限制，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。)
She wants to learn English well.
她想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。(to learn不受主語(yǔ)she的限制，沒(méi)有詞形變化，是非限定動(dòng)詞。
說(shuō)明：英語(yǔ)中共有三種非限定動(dòng)詞，分別是：動(dòng)詞不定式(Infinitive)、動(dòng)名詞(Gerund)、分詞(Participle)。
5) 根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的組成形式，可分為三類，分別是：?jiǎn)巫衷~(One-Word Verb)、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(Phrasal Verb)、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(Verbal Phrase)例如：
The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.
英語(yǔ)里有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。(contains是單字動(dòng)詞。)
Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.
學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)查字典。(look up是短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。)
The young ought to take care of the old.
年輕人應(yīng)照料老人。(take care of是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。)
6)動(dòng)詞有五種形態(tài)，分別是：原形(Original Form)、第三人稱單數(shù)形式(Singular From in Third Personal)、過(guò)去式(Past Form)、過(guò)去分詞(Past Participle)、現(xiàn)在分詞(Present Participle)。
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)：代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的一致
each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞,都作單數(shù)看待.
Each of us has something to say.
Is everybody ready?
Somebody is using the phone.
Neither of us has gone through regular training.
Has either of them told you?
some, few, both, many 等作復(fù)數(shù)
some 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接單數(shù),表示某一.
none作復(fù)數(shù)看待時(shí)較多,但也有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待,主要看說(shuō)話人腦中聯(lián)系想到的是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù)概念, 但none 在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù):
None of the books are easy enough for us
None of us seem to have thought of it.
None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.
None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.
None of this worries me.
all 和most 可后接復(fù)數(shù),也可接不可數(shù)名詞 (all of the…, most of the …), 動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
由and 或 both… and 連接名詞詞組時(shí), 后用復(fù)數(shù); 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致
Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.
My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.
Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.
Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
如果一個(gè)句子是由there 或here引導(dǎo), 而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè), 謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致。
There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.
Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.
people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作復(fù)數(shù).
Cattle are grazing on the pasture.
The police are looking for him.
有些集體名詞有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待, 有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待, 主要根據(jù)意思來(lái)決定.
His family isn’t very large.
His family are all music lovers.
The committee meets twice a month.
The committee are divided in opinion.
The audience was enormous.
The audience were greatly moved at the words.
有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同形, 可根據(jù)意思決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù):
This new series is beginning next month.
These new series are beginning next month.
This species is now extinct.
These species are now extinct.
表示時(shí)間, 重量, 長(zhǎng)度, 價(jià)值等的名詞, 盡管仍是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如果作整體看待, 動(dòng)詞也可用單數(shù)形式 (當(dāng)然用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞也是可以的):
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
One hundred li was covered in a single night.
書(shū)名, 國(guó)家名用單數(shù):
Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.
學(xué)科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數(shù).
many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式:
Many a person has had that kind of experience.
More than one person has involved in the case.
a number of 后接復(fù)數(shù), the number of后接單數(shù):
A number of books have been published on the subject.
The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.
one of those 后用單數(shù). 在“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +關(guān)系分句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據(jù)先行詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
當(dāng)one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.
當(dāng)one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，關(guān)系分句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)one 而定，即采用單數(shù)形式：
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)：副詞及其句法功能
一、副詞的位置：
1) 在動(dòng)詞之前。
2) 在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。
3) 多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。
注意：
a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語(yǔ)過(guò)長(zhǎng)，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.
b. 方式副詞well，badly糟、壞，hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks English well.
二、副詞的排列順序：
1) 時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。
2) 方式副詞，短的在前，長(zhǎng)的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。
Please write slowly and carefully.
3) 多個(gè)不同副詞排列：程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。
注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。
改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò)) I very like English.
(對(duì)) I like English very much.
注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
I don't know him well enough.
There is enough food for everyone to eat.
There is food enough for everyone to eat.
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