高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
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高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：必背句型
1) It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. (從句時(shí)態(tài)用完成時(shí)) 這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚。
2) I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句) 我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無(wú)法出門的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。
3) I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上，我熬到11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺(jué)，為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮一次。
4) Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句) 你的一個(gè)朋友叫你在期末考試中幫他作弊，這個(gè)朋友平常不認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)。
5) If you have some trouble (in) getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 如果你在和朋友的相處上有問(wèn)題，你可以寫(xiě)信給編輯向他征求建議。
6) Add up your score and see how many points you can get. 把你的得分加起來(lái)，看看得了多少。
7) What he did has added to our difficulties. 他的所作所為增加了我們的困難。
8) His income adds up to 00 a month. 他每月的收入共計(jì)1000美元。
9) It's no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 觀看這些已不再是樂(lè)趣，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨汅w驗(yàn)的。
10) Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她為什么那么關(guān)注他對(duì)她的工作的看法?
11) The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察讓他在報(bào)告中寫(xiě)下他所看見(jiàn)的事情。
12) As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正當(dāng)我打算出去找他時(shí)，他恰巧進(jìn)來(lái)。
13) Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 瓊斯先生單獨(dú)一人生活，常常感到孤獨(dú)。
14) We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying. 我們?cè)噲D讓他平靜下來(lái)，但他仍不停地哭著。
15) Does he dare (to) go out at night in such stormy weather? 他敢在這樣一個(gè)暴風(fēng)雨夜外出嗎?
高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)
S+V是主謂
S+V+DO 是主謂加雙賓
S+V+P是主謂賓
S(主語(yǔ))+V(謂語(yǔ))+ I(間接賓語(yǔ))+D(直接賓語(yǔ))
S(主語(yǔ))+V(動(dòng)詞)+O (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
1. Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如：
The students work very hard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。
2. Subject (主語(yǔ)) + Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) + Predicate(表語(yǔ))
這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：
(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如：
Several players lay flat on the playground.幾個(gè)隊(duì)員平躺在操場(chǎng)上。
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎。
This kind of food tastes terrible.這種食物吃起來(lái)很糟糕。
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫(huà)在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那種食物，已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。
The facts prove true.事實(shí)證明是正確的。
3. Subject(主語(yǔ)) + Verb (謂語(yǔ)) + Object (賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。如：
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把書(shū)放在書(shū)包里。
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜。
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì)。
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁(yè)。
4. Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+ Indirect object(間接賓語(yǔ))+Direct object (直接賓語(yǔ))
這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”，直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長(zhǎng)征中的故事。
這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：1)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + for sb.; 2)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)+to sb.。如：
Please show me your picture.
-Please show your picture to me.
請(qǐng)把你的畫(huà)給我看一下。
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心，我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的。
5. Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb (動(dòng)詞)+Object (賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
這種句型中的賓語(yǔ)+ 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：
Keep the children quiet, please. 請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。
He painted the wall white. 他把墻漆成白色。
We found him an honest person.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。
注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：
The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。
高一上學(xué)期英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：英語(yǔ)句子成分分析
1、主語(yǔ)(subject): 句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名詞)
He likes dancing. (代詞)
Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞)
Seeing is believing. (動(dòng)名詞)
To see is to believe. (不定式)
What he needs is a book. (主語(yǔ)從句)
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))
附帶復(fù)習(xí)一下it 作形式主語(yǔ)的一些用法: 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)時(shí)為了句子平衡采用it作形式主語(yǔ)。所謂形式是指句子的真正主語(yǔ)將在句子末段出現(xiàn)
1.it is+名詞+從句 :It is a surprise that you give such an answer to this question.
2. it is +形容詞+從句: It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city.
3. It +動(dòng)詞+從句: It appeared that he had a taste for music.
4. It be +分詞+從句:It is said that Li Tao has been to Europe.
2、謂語(yǔ)(predicate):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征
We study English. He is asleep.
3、表語(yǔ)(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。
He is a teacher. (名詞)
Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代詞)
Five and five is ten. (數(shù)詞)
He is asleep. (形容詞)
His father is in. (副詞)
The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語(yǔ))
My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容詞化的分詞)
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式)
The question is whether they will come. (表語(yǔ)從句)
常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))， look(看起來(lái))， fee l(摸起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái))，taste(嘗、吃起來(lái))， remain(保持，仍是)， feel(感覺(jué)) ….
It sounds a good idea.
The sound sounds strange.
Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious.
The food tastes good.
The door remains open.
Now I feel tired.
4、賓語(yǔ)：
1)動(dòng)作的承受者——動(dòng)賓
I like China. (名詞)
He hates you. (代詞)
How many do you need? We need two. (數(shù)詞)
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)
I hope to see you again. (不定式)
Did you write down what he said? (賓語(yǔ)從句)
2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞——介賓
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3) 雙賓語(yǔ)——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
5、賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
We elected him monitor. (名詞)
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
We will make them happy. (形容詞)
We found nobody in. (副詞)
Please make yourself at home. (介詞短語(yǔ))
Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式)
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (帶to不定式)
Don’t keep the lights burning. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
I’ll have my bike repaired. (過(guò)去分詞)
6、主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. www.oh100.com
7、定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名詞)
He is our friend. (代詞)
We belong to the third world. (數(shù)詞)
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容詞)
The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)
The boys playing football are in Cla2. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
The trees planted last year are growing well now. (過(guò)去分詞)
I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)
You should do everything that I do. (定語(yǔ)從句)
8、狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。 表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。
(以下例句按上述順序排列)
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pathe exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
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