八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit3語(yǔ)法解析
對(duì)于初二學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)重要模塊，接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit3語(yǔ)法解析，一起來(lái)看看吧。
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit3語(yǔ)法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)概念講解
以上四句是由when與while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。這四句中還包含了一個(gè)很重要的時(shí)態(tài)：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
1. 構(gòu)成：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)由 “was / were +動(dòng)詞-ing”構(gòu)成
2. 意義：
(1) 表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這一特定的過(guò)去時(shí)間除有上下文暗示以外，一般用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。如：
— What was he doing when the UFO arrived? 當(dāng)UFO落地時(shí)他正在干什么?
— He was sleeping late when it arrived. 當(dāng)UFO落地時(shí)她正在熟睡。
Many people remember what they were doing on April 4, 1968.
許多人記得在1968年4月4日他們正在做什么。
(2) 表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作也發(fā)生。
3. 標(biāo)志詞：
(1) at 9 o'clock yesterday, from 8 to 9 yesterday morning, at this / that time yesterday, this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while, 如：
We were having an English class at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天9點(diǎn)我們正在上英語(yǔ)課。
Xiao Ming was sleeping all day yesterday.
昨天一整天小明都在睡覺(jué)。
(2) 主句(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))+ when + 從句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))
(3) 主句(一般過(guò)去時(shí))+ while +從句(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))
The girl was shopping when her friend saw her.
當(dāng)她的朋友看見(jiàn)她時(shí)女孩在買東西。
The dog got out of the box and ran away while Linda was buying the newspaper at the station.
當(dāng)Linda 在車站外買報(bào)紙時(shí)，狗從箱子里出來(lái)逃跑了。
4. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的各種句式：
下面以動(dòng)詞work 為例，將過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定式、否定式和疑問(wèn)式以及簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)歸納如下：
肯定式：I / He / She / It was working.
We / You / They were working.
否定式：I / He / She / It was not working.
We / You / They were not working.
疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)略回答：
— Was I working? — Yes, you were. / No, you were not.
— Were you working? — Yes, I was. / No, I was not.
— Was he / she / it working? — Yes, he / she / it was. / No, he / she / it was not.
— Were you / they working? — Yes, you / we / they were. / No, you / we / they were not.
注：was not?？s略為wasn't; were not?？s略為weren't.
5. 比較：
(1) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法比較：
■一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：
David wrote a letter to his friend last night.
大衛(wèi)昨晚給他的朋友寫了信。(信寫完了)
David was writing a letter to his friend at 8 last night.
昨晚8點(diǎn)大衛(wèi)一直在給他的朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完)
■表示過(guò)去將來(lái)，多用于go, come, leave, start, take off等動(dòng)詞。如：
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two.
他說(shuō)他一兩天之內(nèi)就動(dòng)身回家了。
■表示過(guò)去的經(jīng)常動(dòng)作，常與always, forever等連用，略帶感情色彩。如：
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到別人。(贊揚(yáng))
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厭煩)
(2)when 與while區(qū)別
■when表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。從句中既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，又可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞既可以表示動(dòng)作，又可表示狀態(tài)，常跟一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
When the UFO took off, the boy was taking photos.
當(dāng) UFO起飛時(shí)，男孩在照相。
Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)她時(shí)瑪麗吃午飯。
The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.
昨天早上當(dāng)她的母親到家時(shí)男孩仍然在睡覺(jué)。
■While表示“在……的時(shí)候”“在……期間”。while從句中必須是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常跟過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
While the boy was taking photos, the UFO took off.
當(dāng)男孩在照相時(shí), UFO起飛了。
The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.
當(dāng)我們?cè)诒本r(shí)天氣很好。
注：如果主句的動(dòng)作在從句的動(dòng)作過(guò)程中發(fā)生，從句常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
While we were swimming someone stole our clothes.
當(dāng)我們?cè)谙丛钑r(shí)有人偷了我們的衣服。
Don't talk so loud while others are working.
當(dāng)其他人在工作時(shí)不要大聲喊叫。
■表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作。
I was doing my homework while he was listening to music.
我在做作業(yè)而他在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。
注：通常不能用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, is, am, are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have (擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit3語(yǔ)法常見(jiàn)題型
Ⅰ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
(1) We were listening to the teacher when she came in. (對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))
_____ _____ you _____ when she came in?
(2) He does his homework every day. (用at this time yesterday改寫句子)
He ____ _____ his homework at this time yesterday.
以上(1)小題是對(duì)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)句式改變的練習(xí)，只需照以上講解完成即可。(2)小題考察一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的熟練轉(zhuǎn)換。
Ⅱ. 用“when”與“while”完成句子。
(1) _____ Tom was eating supper, it began to rain outside.
(2) Don't use your cell phone _____ you are driving a car.
(3) What were you doing _____ Mr. Zhou came in?
(4) Jim is good at math _____ Mary is good at English.
(5) We were watching TV_____ the electricity was off.
對(duì)于以上題目，同學(xué)們只要掌握“when”與“while”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主從句所用的時(shí)態(tài)就可以了。對(duì)于其他的用法我們將到九年級(jí)去學(xué)。
?、? 單項(xiàng)選擇
(1) I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
(2) My mother was reading while I ___ the music.
A. listened to B. listened C. was listening to D. is listening to
(3) I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.
A. had B. had been having
C. have been having D. was having
(4) When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.
A. was speaking B. spoke
C. had been speaking D. had spoken
在以上題目中，(1)題考察在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，即用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。(2)題考察while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。(3)(4)題考察when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去式。其他無(wú)須多考慮，從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
Ⅳ. 漢譯英
(1) Lucy 和Lily昨天下午從3點(diǎn)到4點(diǎn)在游泳。
Lucy and Lily ______ ________ from 3:00 to 4:00 yesterday afternoon.
(2) 當(dāng)Mr Cook到家時(shí)，他正在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。
When Mr Cook got home, his son ______ ______ to the radio
(3) 當(dāng)李雷在吃早飯時(shí)，吉姆進(jìn)來(lái)了。
While Li Lei ______ ______________, Jim came in.
八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit3常見(jiàn)題型答案
句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
(1)What were; doing (2)was doing
用“when”與“while”完成句子：
(1) while (2) while (3) when (4) while (5) when
單項(xiàng)選擇：
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) A
漢譯英：
(1) were swimming (2) was listening (3) was having breakfast
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