高二英語復(fù)習(xí)資料大全
在高中英語教學(xué)過程中,復(fù)習(xí)是一個(gè)非常必要的步驟。接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了高二英語復(fù)習(xí)資料大全，一起來看看吧。
高二英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：非謂語動(dòng)詞
考點(diǎn)一、考查謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別
英語句子至少應(yīng)該包括主語與謂語兩部分, 而多數(shù)情況下謂語都由動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)。如果對(duì)句子成分劃分不清，把謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞混淆, 做題效果可想而知。要克服這一毛病，關(guān)鍵在于正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語。如：
1. The children (play) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，我們可以看出這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。主語是The children，謂語部分是will go on the stage，動(dòng)詞play顯然在句中不作謂語，應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。依據(jù)play與它的邏輯主語children之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系以及拉小提琴動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，可以判斷用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾children，意為“正在那邊拉小提琴的小孩”，因而正確答案為playing。
考點(diǎn)二、考查作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞的辨析
作狀語的非謂語動(dòng)詞主要考查其各種形式的辨析，即是選擇動(dòng)詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞作狀語, 不同的狀語對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的要求不同。 動(dòng)詞不定式主要作目的、結(jié)果和原因狀語;現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語，兩者不同之處在于：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作就是句子主語的動(dòng)作,即它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，它們之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，雖然它的邏輯主語也是句子的主語，但過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
1.____tired of Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
一般來說，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下, 逗號(hào)是無力連接兩個(gè)句子的。據(jù)此，首先可以確定 這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，非謂語動(dòng)詞短語放在句首作狀語。依據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞短語get tired of與其邏輯主語Julia之間的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，沒有明顯的先后順序，可以斷定應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般式作原因狀語,即“由于厭倦了Tom只說不做的工作態(tài)度”，故正確答案為C。
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)____, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
這兩個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞短語的邏輯主語都不是句子的主語，而是分別有它自己的邏輯主語，即“是 末班車開走了，而不是我們走了”,“是天氣允許,而不是飛船允許”，這種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)構(gòu)就是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。依據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,正確答案分別為having gone和permitting。
考點(diǎn)三、考查非謂語動(dòng)詞邏輯主語的分辨
非謂語動(dòng)詞雖然在句中不作謂語，但仍然有自己邏輯上的主語。歷年各種考試的重點(diǎn)在于正確分辨非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語是什么，兩者之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，特別是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語的時(shí)候。我們知道，當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞放在句首作狀語的時(shí)候，一般來說，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，那么，當(dāng)它的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么現(xiàn)象呢?
高二英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：不定式的用法
一、不定式做主語：
1、不定式做主語一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。===動(dòng)名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的，經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (對(duì)等)
注: 1). 不定式作主語時(shí),謂語用單數(shù)
2). 當(dāng)主語較長(zhǎng)，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it做形式主語，而將不定式放到謂語的后面。
it做形式主語，不定式放在謂語動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
*注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表語，但possible可以用不定式作真實(shí)主語， 而probable不能用不定式作真實(shí)主語。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯(cuò))
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
二、不定式做表語
主語是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等為中心詞的名詞詞組 或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示，后面的不定式說明其內(nèi)容, 不定式作表語常表示將來或現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
三 、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語
以不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語的動(dòng)詞有：
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語
口訣(接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞)
想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算( want learn plan)
快準(zhǔn)備 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)
同意否 供選擇(agree offer choose)
決定了 已答應(yīng)(decide be determined promise)
盡力去 著手做(manage undertake)
別拒絕 別假裝(refuse pretend)
失敗不是屬于你(fail)
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
*注意:某些及物動(dòng)詞可用-ing也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語但意義不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
高二英語復(fù)習(xí)資料：過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)
一. 過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看)
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二.過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：
A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、過去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。
不定式作賓補(bǔ)： 表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
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高二英語復(fù)習(xí)資料大全
