高中英語過去分詞的語法知識點總結(jié)
高中英語過去分詞的語法知識點總結(jié)
高中英語的語法知識點過去分詞，它可以做狀語、可以做表語、也可以做賓補，用法很多，大家都知道嗎?下面由學習啦小編為大家提供關于高中英語過去分詞的語法知識點總結(jié)，希望對大家有幫助!
過去分詞的語法知識點一、做狀語
過去分詞作狀語時，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個狀語從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語時與主句主語構(gòu)成被動關系，表示被動和完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因狀語，等于as / since / because 引導從句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作時間狀語，等于when 引導時間從句，如果分詞表示的動作與謂語的動作同時發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時間意義更明確。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作條件狀語等于 if / whether 引導從句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
4 作方式或伴隨狀語
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作讓步狀語
Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當分詞的邏輯主語不是主句主語時，分詞可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來表示伴隨情況。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.
Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
Although he was left alone at home,
現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語
現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，與其邏輯主語之間是主動關系，;而過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間則表示被動關系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞，關鍵看主句的主語。如分詞的動作是主句的主語發(fā)出，分詞就選用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過去分詞。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的過程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用
注意:1.系表示主語所處的狀態(tài)
_____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
______ in white, she looks more beautiful.( dress)
be lost in
be dressed in
be interested in
be devoted to
be supposed to? be caught in the rain
be seated in
be prepared for
be determined to
2.不與主語保持一致的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
generally speaking 一般說來
strictly/ frankly speaking 嚴格地說/坦白地說
judging from 從…判斷
all things considered 從整體來看
taking all things into consideration 全面看來
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.從他的臉色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
總的來說，狗比豬跑得快。 (speaking 不是dogs 的動作)
Practice
1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.
build frighten trap follow shoot see examine
1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.
4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.
5 _____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.
6 If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.
7 Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
過去分詞的語法知識點二、做定語表語
單個過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面;
過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。
spoken English
= English which is spoken
terrified people
= the people who are terrified
an organized way
= a way that is organized
affected area 災區(qū)
= the area which is affected
stolen culture relics
= culture relics that had been stolen
the book recommended by the teacher
= the book which was recommended by the teacher
printed articles
= articles that are printed
1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定語
2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定語
3) He got interested in the two theories. 表語
4) Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood 表語
Past Participle as the Attribute定語 Past Participle as the Predicative表語
1.terrified people1.people who are terrified
2.reserved seats2.seats that are reserved
3.polluted water3.water that is polluted
4.a crowded room4.a room that is crowded
5.a pleased winner5.a winner that is pleased
6. Astonished children6.children who look astonished
7.a broken vase 7.a vase that is broken
8.a closed door8.a door that is closed
9.the tired audience9.the audience who feel tired
10.a trapped animal10.an animal that is trapped
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有許多落葉)
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
= Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.
(他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長大，從沒去過北京)
及物動詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動動作或者沒有一定的時間性,只表示被動關系。
polluted water
= water which is polluted
reserved seats
= the seats which were reserved
trapped animal
= the animal which was trapped
不及物動詞的過去分詞不表被動，只表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，含有動作完成，動作結(jié)束之含義。
boiled water
= water which has boiled
fallen leaves
= the leaves which have fallen
risen sun
= the sun which has risen
過去分詞作定語也可用作非限制性定語，前后用逗號隔開。
The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 這些書是郭敬明寫的，深受青少年的喜愛。
Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. 他們中的一些人，在農(nóng)村出生并長大，從沒過北京.
The book _written by the farmer (一本農(nóng)民寫的書) is very popular.
The building built last year (去年建的樓房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake.
The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天會議上討論的) was very difficult to solve.
The window broken by that naughty boy被那個頑皮男孩打破的) is being repaired.
The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在醫(yī)院檢查的) were seriously ill.
The people exposed to the sun (暴露在陽光下的) got sunburnt.
The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老師嚴厲懲罰的) is now a college student.
The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease.
The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所說的).
Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀請去參加聚會的) were from South Africa.
The students inspired by the teacher (受到老師鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before.
The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first playing
?、龠^去分詞做定語與其修飾詞之間是動賓關系且過去分詞表示的動作已完成。
?、诂F(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作正在發(fā)生，與修飾詞是主謂關系。
?、鄄欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ表示將要發(fā)生的動作。
first played in 776B.C. = which was first played in 776 B.C.
2)作表語 表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)被當作形容詞使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。
The window is broken. 窗戶碎了。
Don’t get so excited. 別這么激動。
1.用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時相當于一個形容詞。
2.被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強,句子主語為動作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。
① The glass is broken.
The glass was broken by Tom.
?、?The windows are closed.
The windows are closed by Jack.
3.表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested,
surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動意味。
?、?How did the audience receive the new play?
They got very excited.
?、?How did Bob do in the exams this time?
Well, his father seems pleased with his results.
?、?She was very disappointed to hear the result.
?、?He’s quite experienced in teaching beginners.
過去分詞的語法知識點三、作賓補
英語中過去分詞可作賓補，(此時的過去分詞一般是及物動詞)表被動意義或完成意義，有時兩者兼而有之。做賓補的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動賓關系，即賓語是過去分詞動作的對象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補與賓語有被動的關系，表一種狀態(tài)。)
一. 過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動詞keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看)
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二.過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：
A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、過去分詞用在感觀動詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動詞后面做賓補。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語+賓補”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動賓關系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是主謂關系。其動作與謂語動作同時進行。
過去分詞作賓補：賓語和補語之間是動賓關系。其動作先于謂語動作。
不定式作賓補： 表一個完成的動作、或表一個很短時間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.