人教版高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第九單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
人教版高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第九單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
不管是在初中還是高中，英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)都是很多學(xué)生的軟肋。高二階段想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，就要將基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)學(xué)好，先打好基礎(chǔ)。以下是小編給你推薦的高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第九單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)你有幫助!
英語(yǔ)第九單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
(一)單元內(nèi)容介紹與分析：
學(xué)習(xí)材料：聽(tīng)力”(Listening)部分提供了一段演說(shuō)詞，談到了地球所面臨的問(wèn)題。第一部分要求學(xué)生通過(guò)聽(tīng)弄清說(shuō)話者的觀點(diǎn)，并根據(jù)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容預(yù)測(cè)下文;第二部分要求學(xué)生列出說(shuō)話人的觀點(diǎn)等，然后預(yù)測(cè)下文。
“閱讀”(Reading)部分是一篇關(guān)于“地球峰會(huì)”的介紹性文章。文章介紹了2002年在南非首都約翰內(nèi)斯堡召開(kāi)的“地球峰會(huì)(The Earth Summit)”的基本情況，包括會(huì)議召開(kāi)的背景、會(huì)議的主題以及與會(huì)者所討論的主要問(wèn)題和提出的解決辦法等。通過(guò)對(duì)該文章的閱讀，可以豐富學(xué)生有關(guān)本單元主題的語(yǔ)言和信息。
“綜合技能”部分設(shè)計(jì)了聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫的活動(dòng)，以寫為主線。聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容是“地球峰會(huì)”上的兩篇發(fā)言。在聽(tīng)的基礎(chǔ)上，要求學(xué)生陳述他們的觀點(diǎn)。寫的活動(dòng)包括聽(tīng)中補(bǔ)充提綱，聽(tīng)后寫要點(diǎn)、提綱以及說(shuō)后寫段落，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，層層深入。
“語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)”：掌握有關(guān)倒裝句的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)。
(二)詞匯學(xué)習(xí)：
運(yùn)用構(gòu)詞知識(shí)理解下列單詞：
ecology;environmentalist;sustainable;killer;equality;fairness;responsibility;cooperation;willingness;incorrect
(三)重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)的用法：
1. issue：?jiǎn)栴};爭(zhēng)議;發(fā)行;分配，期刊
You will attend the meeting and discuss the issue.
I just got a rise, so money is no longer an issue.
Unemployment is not the issue-the real problem is the decline in public morality.
The article will appear in the next month's issue.
The post office issued the stamps last week.
2. content：內(nèi)容;目錄;容量;滿足;滿意
Without reading the text, try to predict its content.
The content of your essay is excellent, but it’s not very well expressed.
注意表達(dá)“滿足，滿意”的短語(yǔ)：
be content with sth.
be content to do sth.
He is content with life.
John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.
3. access：接近;進(jìn)入;接近……的方法;到達(dá)……的權(quán)利
20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.
The house is in the center part of the town with good access to the shops.
Hospitals should give patients the right of access to their medical records.
All the branch managers can access the data bank of the general office.
4. responsibility：責(zé)任;責(zé)任心;職責(zé)
Rich countries have a responsibility towards poor countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
Taking care of family is a big responsibility.
注意構(gòu)詞形式：responsibility的形容詞形式為responsible;常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)是：be responsible for：替/對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)。
She is my student, and I must be responsible for her.
5. in harmony with：與…協(xié)調(diào)/和諧;反義詞out of harmony with
With better education, people will be able to build a better Society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to the death and sufferings caused by the big three.
His tastes are in harmony with mine.
Bob and I worked together in harmony for years.
6. put an end to：結(jié)束
We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.
四)辨析下列單詞(近義詞)
1. affect / effect
affect：動(dòng)詞：影響;感動(dòng);侵襲
effect：名詞：影響，效果;常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)：have an effect on sb./ sth.
What we do is important because it affects the environment.
All the people in the room were affected to tears.
The medicine has little effect on the old man.
2. defend / protect / guard
defend：用武力或其他措施保護(hù)人們不受損害。辯護(hù)。
protect：用各種安全防御措施盡力照顧某人不受損害。
guard： 留心守望，警戒
Make sure that you are ready to answer questions and defend your argument.
It is the duty of every Chinese citizen to defend motherland.
Clothes protect us from cold.
Tow big dogs guard the farm.
(五)重，難點(diǎn)句的解釋與分析
1. One of the main themes Of the summit was “sustainable development’，or the question of how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.
其主題之一是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”，也就是如何在不破壞環(huán)境的情況下使世界繼續(xù)發(fā)展的問(wèn)題。
(1)句中or意為“也就是：即”，用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明上文的內(nèi)容。例如：
The company is paying the rent or at least Contributing to it
or的用法很多，除了上述的意思外，常見(jiàn)的還有：
Don’t put anything plastic in the oven or it will probably start melting.
Are you going with your parents or by yourself ?
(2)without doing結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表示“在沒(méi)發(fā)生……情況下”。
They left the school in a hurry, without saying goodbye to anyone.
2. Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths.
僅空氣污染就造成了近三百萬(wàn)人死亡。
(1)alone在此是副詞，用在名詞或代詞后面，表示“只，只有;僅僅”。
He alone is not responsible for it.
Money alone cannot make you happy.
alone還可以解釋“單獨(dú)地;獨(dú)自地”。
He likes to go it alone in everything.
alone作形容詞時(shí)，解釋“單獨(dú)的; 唯一的：獨(dú)一無(wú)二的”，在句子作表語(yǔ)。
I am not alone in this opinion.
(2)deaths：可數(shù)名詞：死亡的人數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞指：死亡。
3. If we are to develop the world successfully, we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
如果我們要成功地開(kāi)發(fā)世界，就必須確保人人都能夠參與我們創(chuàng)造的新世界。
be +to do sth這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)常常表示安排，命令、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、目的、用途，可能性、命中注定等含義。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate.
You are to be back by 10 o'clock.
The prize is to honour him for his great discovery.
4. Richer countries have a responsibility towards poorer countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
富國(guó)對(duì)于窮國(guó)負(fù)有責(zé)任，他們必須盡可能地幫助其他國(guó)家。
do whatever one can相當(dāng)于do what one can，只是前者的語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)。
(六)閱讀材料中的典型倒裝句：
1. Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development be possible.
沒(méi)有國(guó)際合作，發(fā)展中國(guó)家合作就不可能繁榮，可持續(xù)發(fā)展也就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
由nor，neither，not，hardly，seldom, never等表示否定意思的詞位于句首時(shí)，句子采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。部分倒裝類似一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)。
Never have I met him.
Seldom have we seen such big melons.
Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog barking.
2. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
只有我們改變自己的生活方式，才能拯救地球。
由“only+狀語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)位于句首，句子也需采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Only in this way can you work out the maths problem.
Only when Tom returns this afternoon will the meeting began.
3. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, 1 would never have bought one.
要是我以前知道空調(diào)會(huì)造成大量的污染，我就不會(huì)買它了。
這是一個(gè)含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中條件句的引導(dǎo)詞if被省略，按照倒裝句的規(guī)則，采用部分倒裝句。原結(jié)構(gòu)是
If I had known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, 1 would never have bought one.
4. A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.
更好地了解環(huán)保是必要的，行動(dòng)的愿望也是必要的。
as相當(dāng)于so：通常表達(dá)“……也是一樣”可以說(shuō)：as / so is(was ; does; do; did….)+主語(yǔ)。
He believed, as did all his family, that God would bless them.
英語(yǔ)第九單元練習(xí)題
1. We sat there, with what we listened to.
A. satisfying B. to satisfy C. contented D. content
答案：D
分析：content形容詞，作伴隨狀語(yǔ);也可以用satisfied。
2. Passengers are _____ to be careful of pickpockets.
A. hoped B. informed C. advised D. suggested
答案：C
分析：句意為“乘客被告知要謹(jǐn)防小偷。”advise sb. to do sth.變形為be advised to do sth…其他三項(xiàng)都不能用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。
3. When she fainted, her friends opened a window and put cold water on her face to her.
A. refine B. revive C. revise D. reverse
答案：B
分析：句意為“她昏倒后，她的朋友們打開(kāi)窗戶，井把涼水灑在她的臉上，以使她蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)。”revive使蘇醒，與句意吻合。
4. No one was ____ for the damage of the broken window, because it was broken by the storm .
A. excused B. considered C. responsible D. possible
答案：C
分析：be responsible for.: 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)。
5. You must to this bad behaviour.
A. give up B. do away C. put an end D. make way
答案：C
分析：句意為“你必須克服這個(gè)惡習(xí)。”put an end to sth. 去掉……與句意吻合。
6. Some people say that students' progress in school is __ by environment and heredity.
A. effected B. affected C. offered D. afforded
答案：B
分析：“有些人認(rèn)為學(xué)生們?cè)趯W(xué)校的進(jìn)步是會(huì)受到環(huán)境和遺傳因素影響的。”affect影響，與句意吻合。
7. The branches could hardly the weight of the fruit.
A. retain B. sustain C. maintain D. remain
答案：B
分析：sustain the weight of sth. 支撐某物。retain保留;保持，maintain維持，remain剩下，留下。
8. Over a third of the population was estimated to have no ____ to the health service.
A. appointment B. assignment C. exception D. access
答案：D
分析：“估計(jì)有超過(guò)三分之一的人沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)享受健康服務(wù)。”have(no)access to“有(沒(méi)有)機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入(享受;使用)……”。
9. The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been ____.
A. identified B. informed C. conveyed D. undertaken
答案：A
分析：identify認(rèn)出;識(shí)別，inform通知;告知，convey傳播;傳達(dá)，undertake保證。句意為“癌癥的根本起因還不清楚，但某些可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致癌癥的條件已被發(fā)現(xiàn)。”
10. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in ___ with its surroundings.
A. chance B. harmony C. ability. D. introduction
答案：B
分析：句意為“在這個(gè)國(guó)家曾有一個(gè)小城鎮(zhèn)，那兒所有的生命與周圍的環(huán)境都和諧地生存著。”in harmony with協(xié)調(diào)一致;和諧，與句意吻合。
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