初一英語必考知識點(diǎn)
學(xué)業(yè)的精深造詣來源于勤奮好學(xué),只有好學(xué)者,才能在無邊的知識海洋里獵取到真智才學(xué),只有真正勤奮的人才能克服困難,持之以恒,不斷開拓知識的領(lǐng)域,武裝自己的頭腦,成為自己的主宰,讓我們勤奮學(xué)習(xí),持之以恒,成就自己的人生,讓自己的青春寫滿無悔!小編搜集的《初一英語必考知識點(diǎn)》,希望對同學(xué)們有幫助。
初一英語必考知識點(diǎn)
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?
◆短語歸納
1. play chess 下國際象棋
2. play the guitar 彈吉他
3. speak English 說英語
4. English club 英語俱樂部
5. talk to 跟…說
6. play the violin 拉小提琴
7. play the piano 彈鋼琴
8. play the drums 敲鼓
9. make friends 結(jié)交朋友
10. do kung fu 練 (中國) 功夫
11. tell stories 講故事
12. play games 做游戲
13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末
◆用法集萃
1. play +棋類/球類 下……棋,打……球
2. play the +西洋樂器 彈/拉……樂器
3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅長做某事
4. be good with sb. 和某人相處地好
5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事
6. can + 動詞原形 能/會做某事
7. a little + 不可數(shù)名詞 一點(diǎn)兒……
8. join the …club 加入…俱樂部
9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜歡/喜愛做某事
◆典句必背
1. Can you draw? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
2. What club do you want to join? I want to join the chess club.
3. You can join the English club.
4. Sounds good./That sounds good.
5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer.
6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721.
Unit 2 What time do you go to school?
◆短語歸納
1. what time 幾點(diǎn)
2. go to school 去上學(xué)
3. get up 起床
4. take a shower 洗淋浴
5. brush teeth 刷牙
6. get to 到達(dá)
7. do homework 做家庭作業(yè)
8. go to work 去上班
9. go home 回家
10. eat breakfast 吃早飯
11. get dressed 穿上衣服
12. get home 到家
13. either…or… 要么…要么…
14. go to bed 上床睡覺
15. in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 在上午/下午/晚上
16. take a walk 散步
17. lots of=a lot of 許多,大量
18. radio station 廣播電臺
19. at night 在晚上
20. be late for=arrive late for 遲到
◆用法集萃
1. at + 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn) 在幾點(diǎn)(幾分)
2. eat breakfast/ lunch/dinner 吃早飯/午飯/晚飯
3. thirty\half past +基數(shù)詞 ……點(diǎn)半
4. fifteen\a quarter to +基數(shù)詞差一刻到……點(diǎn)
5. take a/an +名詞 從事……活動
6. from …to … 從……到……
7. need to do sth 需要做某事
◆典句必背
1. What time do you usually get up? I usually get up at six thirty.
2. That’s a funny time for breakfast.
3. When do students usually eat dinner? They usually eat dinner at a quarter to seven in the evening.
4. In the evening, I either watch TV or play computer games.
5. At twelve, she eats lots of fruit and vegetables for lunch..
6. She knows it’s not good for her, but it tastes good.
7. Here are your clothes.
Unit 3 How do you get to school?
◆短語歸納
1. get to school 到達(dá)學(xué)校
2. take the subway 乘地鐵
3. ride a bike 騎自行車
4. how far 多遠(yuǎn)
5. from home to school 從家到學(xué)校
6. every day 每天
7. take the bus 乘公共汽車
8. by bike 騎自行車
9. bus stop 公共汽車站
10. think of 認(rèn)為
11. between … and … 在…和…之間
12.one 11-year-old boy 一個(gè)11歲的男孩
13. play with … 和…玩
14. come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
15. have to 不得不
◆用法集萃
1. take… to …= go to … by… 乘…去…
2. How do / does (sb)get to …?…是怎樣到…的?
3. How far is it from … to …?從…到…有多遠(yuǎn)?
4. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間。
5. How long does it take to do sth.? …花費(fèi)多長時(shí)間?
6. It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是….
7. Thanks for + n. / Ving 感謝你(做)某事。
◆典句必背
1. How do you get to school? I ride my bike.
2. How far is it from your home to school?
3. How long does it take you to get to school?
4. For many students, it is easy to get to school.
5. There is a very big river between their school and the village.
初一英語必考知識點(diǎn)
Unit 5
1.回答why的提問要用because
2.Kind of 相當(dāng)于副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,意為“稍微,有點(diǎn)”,與a little/ bit 相近
A kind of 意為“一種”,some kinds of 意為“幾種”,all kinds of 意為“各種各樣的”。這里的kind 是“種,類,屬”的意思。
3.Why not =Why don’t you+V原 你為什么不…?
4.walk on one’s legs/ hands
on 意為“用…方式行走”
5.all day =the whole day整天
6.來自be/ come from
where do they come from?
=where are they from?
7.more than=over超過 less than 少于
8.once twice three times
9.be in great danger
10.one of… …之一 +名詞復(fù)數(shù)
11.get lost
12.with/ without 有/ 沒有 介詞
13.a symbol of
14.由…制造 be made of能看出原材料
be made from 看不出原材料
be made in+地點(diǎn) 表產(chǎn)地
15.cut down 砍到
動副結(jié)構(gòu)(代詞必須放中間,名詞可放中間或者后面)
Unit 6
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
其結(jié)構(gòu)為be的現(xiàn)在式(am, is, are)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)。
否定形式在be后面加not,疑問式將be動詞提前
2.動詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成:
一般情況+ing;以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的,去e加ing;重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫輔音字母再加ing
3.go to the movies
4.join sb for sth與某人一起做某事
join us for dinner
5.live with sb
live in+地點(diǎn)
6.other,another與the other
Other “其他的,另外的”,后接名詞復(fù)數(shù),有時(shí)other+n復(fù)數(shù)=others
Another “又一(個(gè)),另一(個(gè))”,泛指總數(shù)為三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的任意一個(gè),后接名詞單數(shù)。
The other“(兩者中的)另一個(gè)”,常與one連用,“one…the other…”表示“一個(gè)…,另一個(gè)…”
7.talk on the phone
8.wish to do sth
9.Here is+ n單
Here are+ n 復(fù)
Unit 7
1.詢問天氣的表達(dá)方式:
How’s the weather?
It’s a raining/sunny day.
It’s raining.
What’s the weather like?
It’s windy.
2.play computer games
3.How’s it/ everything going?
4.In/ at the park
5.Take a message for sb 替人留言
Leave a message to sb 給人留言
6.call sb back
7.right now,right away,at once,in a minute,in a moment,in no time 立刻,馬上
8.right now現(xiàn)在
just now剛剛(用于一般過去式)
9.over and over again
10.the answer to the question,a key to the door,a ticket to the ball game
11.by the pool
12.summer vacation
13.go on a vacation去度假
be on a vacation在度假
14.write (a letter)to sb
15.反意疑問句(陳述句+附加疑問句)
反意疑問句中,陳述句用的肯定,后面的附加疑問句就要用否定;相反,陳述句用的否定,附加疑問句就要用肯定。
16.以-ing結(jié)尾“令人…的”exciting,interesting,relaxing
以-ed結(jié)尾“人感到…的”excited,interested,relaxed
17.in the first picture
18.dry干燥的 humid潮濕的
Unit 8
1.There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語.
There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語.
謂語動詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致(就近原則)。
There be句型的否定式在be后加上not或no即可。
注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.
There be句型的一般疑問句變化是把be動詞調(diào)整到句首
There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”
2.問路:
①Is/ Are there ……near here/ around here/ in the neighborhood?
②Where is/ are……?
③How can I get to……?
④Could/Can you tell me the way to……
⑤Which is the way to……
3.Across,cross,through,over
Across是介詞,“橫過,在對面”表示從物體表面穿過
Cross是動詞,相當(dāng)于go/ walk across
Through是介詞,表示從物體中間或里面穿過 go through the door
Over是介詞,“橫過,越過”表示從物體上空越過,跨過 fly over
4.ask for help/ advice
5.in/ on the street
6.在某條大街上習(xí)慣用介詞on on Bridge Street
7.across from,next to,between…and…,behind
8.in front of在…(外部的)前面→behind在…后面 in the front of在…(內(nèi)部的)前面
9.be in town→be out of town
10.be far from
11.go/ walk along go straight go up/ down
12.turn left/right
13.on one’s/ the left
14.at the first crossing/ turning
15.sometimes 有時(shí)(頻度副詞)
sometime(將來)有朝一日,(曾經(jīng))某天
Some times 幾次,幾倍 some time 一段時(shí)間(前面用介詞for)
16.free
空閑的 free time
自由的 as free as a fish
免費(fèi)的 The best things in life are free.
17.enjoy doing
18.Time goes quickly.
19.表“一些”在肯定句中用some. 在疑問句和否定句中用any。
特殊用法:some可用于表示盼望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)或表示建議、委婉請求的疑問句中。
any也可用于肯定句中,表示"任何的"。
初一英語必考知識點(diǎn)
一. 情態(tài)動詞can的用法
can+動詞原形,它不隨主語的人稱和數(shù)而變化。
1. 含有can的肯定句:主語+can+謂語動詞的原形+其他。
2. 含有can的否定句:主語+can't+動詞的原形+其他。
3. 變一般疑問句時(shí),把can提前:Can+主語+動詞原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主語+can。否定回答:No,主語+can't.
4. 含有can的特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+can+主語+動詞原形+其他?
I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak?
二. what time和when引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句
1. 詢問鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)用what time,詢問日期、月份、年份時(shí)用when。
2. What's the time?=What time is it?現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
3. 時(shí)刻表達(dá)法:順讀法和逆讀法。
順讀法:“鐘點(diǎn)+分鐘”直接讀數(shù)字。
如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen
逆讀法:借助介詞past或to表示,要先說分再說鐘點(diǎn)。
a. 當(dāng)分鐘不超過30分鐘時(shí)(包括30分鐘),即<或=30,用past表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“分鐘+past+整點(diǎn)” 意為“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”。
如:1:25 twenty-five past one
b. 當(dāng)超過30分鐘時(shí),即>30,用to表示。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:“所差分鐘(即60—所 過分鐘數(shù))+to+下一個(gè)整點(diǎn)”,to譯成“差”,差幾分鐘到幾點(diǎn)。
如:4:38 twenty-two to five
c. 當(dāng)分鐘為30分鐘用half表示,當(dāng)分鐘為15分鐘用a quarter。
三. how引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句
1. how 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句提問交通方式,其答語分三種情況:
a. take a/an/the+交通工具(單數(shù))
b. by+交通工具(單數(shù))
c. on/in+限定詞+交通工具
---How do you go to school every day?
---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.
2. how far 用來提問距離,多遠(yuǎn),其答語分為兩種:
(1)用長度單位表示:It is five kilometers.
(2)用時(shí)間表示:It’s twenty minutes’walk.
3. how long 用來提問時(shí)間,意為多久回答常用“for+段時(shí)”。
----How long have you learnt English?
----For 3 years.
4. how soon 用來提問做完某事還需要多長時(shí)間, 用于將來時(shí)態(tài), 常用“in+時(shí)間段”來回答。
----How soon will you arrive in Beijing? ----In 3 hours.
四. 祈使句
祈使句一般表示請求、命令、勸說、號召、警告等。一般以動詞原形開頭,句末可以用感嘆號或句號。
1. 肯定的祈使句:
(1) 實(shí)義動詞原形+其他 :Please look at that boy.
(2) be動詞原形+形容詞+其他:Be quiet, please.
2. 否定的祈使句:
(1) Don’t+實(shí)義動詞+原形 Don't stand there.
(2) Don’t be+形容詞+其他 Don't be so noisy.
(4) No+n./V-ing
No photos. 不許照相。
No talking. 不許談話。
五. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)指當(dāng)前時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動作。常與now,at this moment,listen,look等詞連用。
1. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
肯定式:am/is/are+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
否定式:am/is/are not +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
一般疑問式:Am/Is/Are + 主語 +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)+ 其他
特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式
They’re having a meeting now. 他們現(xiàn)在正在開會。
They aren't having a meeting now. 他們現(xiàn)在沒有在開會。
Are they having a meeting now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在開會嗎?
What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在做什么?
2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法
(1)表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事情。常與now,at the moment,look,listen等詞連用。
The little boy is watching TV now. 這個(gè)小男孩現(xiàn)在正在看電視。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room. 聽!她正在隔壁房間彈吉他。
(2)表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行著或是重復(fù)發(fā)生著的動作,不強(qiáng)調(diào)此時(shí)此刻正在做。常與表示時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。
I am studying computer this term. 這個(gè)學(xué)期我一直在學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)。
(3)表示說話人褒義或貶義的情感色彩,如贊許、批評、喜歡、厭惡等。此時(shí)常與alway、often等頻度副詞連用。
He is always thinking of others , not of himself. 他總是為他人著想,而不為自己。(表示贊許)
One of my roommates is often leaving things about. 我的一個(gè)室友經(jīng)常亂扔?xùn)|西。(表示不滿)
(4)表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一般將來的含義。)
① 瞬時(shí)動詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)在任何情況下都表示將來含義。這些動詞包括go , come , leave,arrive , return等。
I am leaving.
我將要離開了。
I am leaving tomorrow.
我將會明天離開。
② 持續(xù)動詞的進(jìn)行時(shí),只有在有將來時(shí)間狀語或?qū)碚Z境的情況下才可以表示將來含義。
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.
今天下午一位美國教授將要作報(bào)告。(將來含義)
An American professor is giving a lecture.
一個(gè)美國教授正在作報(bào)告。(進(jìn)行含義)
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)的變化規(guī)則
(1)一般在情況下,在動詞詞尾加-ing。
go——going
play——playing
know——knowing
(2)以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾動詞,先去e再加-ing。
make——making
arrive——arriving
come——coming
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且動詞詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ing。
run——running
stop——stopping
swim——swimming
run——running
put——putting
sit——sitting
begin——beginning
plan——planning
cut——cutting
get——getting
shop——shopping
chat——chatting
regret——regretting
dig——digging
(4)以-ie結(jié)尾,先將-ie改成y,再加-ing。
tie——tying
die——dying
lie——lying
六. There be結(jié)構(gòu)
1. There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處有某人(某物),強(qiáng)調(diào)存在”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地”,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn),也可把地點(diǎn)狀語放在句首。
There is a book on the desk.
On the desk there is a book.
(1)肯定句:“There be+主語(某人/某物)+介詞短語”
There are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。
There is a pen and two books on the desk. 書桌上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。
(2)否定式:“There be +not+主語+介詞短語”
There isn’t a boy in the room.房間里沒有一個(gè)男孩。
There aren’t any books on the desk.書桌上沒有書。
注意:“There be句型”的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動詞的其他句型一樣,在be后加not或no即可。
注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,所以not a/an/any+n,相當(dāng)于no+n。
There aren’t any pictures on the wall.
=There are no pictures on the wall.
There isn’t a bike behind the tree.
=There is no bike behind the tree.
(3)疑問式:Be there+主語+介詞短語?”
肯定回答是:“Yes, there be.”否定回答是:“No, there+be與not的縮寫形式”。
—Is there a lamp in your bedroom?在你的臥室里有臺燈嗎?
—Yes, there is.是的,有。
—Are there any clock in the living room?客廳里有鐘嗎?
—No, there aren’t.不,沒有。
(4)特殊疑問句:一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu)
How many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are/were there+介詞短語?
There’re many children in the park.
How many children are there in the park?
How much+不可數(shù)名詞+is/was there+介詞短語?
There was little rain around the year.
How much rain was there around the year?
2. have表示“某人擁有某人或某物,強(qiáng)調(diào)擁有和所屬關(guān)系”。
The man has two cars.
3. There be句型中的就近原則,即be和距其最近的主語保持一致。
There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.
七. 選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句是指說話人提出兩種或以上的情況,讓對方選擇是哪一種,兩個(gè)選擇部分用or連接。選擇疑問句不用yes或no來回答,直接在兩個(gè)選擇里選一個(gè)回答。
---Is she tall or short? ---She is tall.
---Can you play the piano or play the guitar? ---I can play the piano
八. 名詞
1. 名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
在英語里面,名詞分可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)。不可數(shù)名詞沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用;可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,一個(gè)的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化,情況如下:
(1)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”
book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons
(2)以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”
box→boxes,watch→watches
(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”
family→families,comedy→comedies
(4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es
knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves
(5) 特殊詞,特殊變化,需單獨(dú)記:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women
tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer
2. 既是可數(shù)名詞又是不可數(shù)名詞的單詞
chicken當(dāng)“雞肉”講時(shí)是不可數(shù),當(dāng)“小雞”講時(shí)可數(shù);
room當(dāng)“空間”講時(shí)不可數(shù),當(dāng)“房間”講時(shí)可數(shù);
fish當(dāng)食物用“魚、魚肉”講時(shí)不可數(shù),當(dāng)“魚的種類”講時(shí)可數(shù);
hair泛指“毛發(fā)”時(shí)不可數(shù),當(dāng)“一根或幾根毛發(fā)”講時(shí)可數(shù);
sound意思是“一般性的聲音”時(shí),不可數(shù),指“一次發(fā)出的聲音”時(shí)可數(shù);
paper當(dāng)“紙”講時(shí)不可數(shù),當(dāng)“試卷”、“論文”、“證件”講時(shí)可數(shù);
time當(dāng)“時(shí)間”講時(shí)不可數(shù),當(dāng)“時(shí)代、倍數(shù)、次數(shù)”講時(shí)可數(shù);
exercise泛指“鍛煉”時(shí)不可數(shù),當(dāng)“練習(xí)、做操”講時(shí)可數(shù)
九. 一般過去時(shí)
一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動作或所處的狀態(tài)(與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)) 。常與yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等過去具體時(shí)間狀語連用。
He was here just now.
他剛才還在這里。
What did you do yesterday?
你昨天做了什么事?
一般過去時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 肯定句形式:主語+動詞過去式+其他
I was an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我是一名英語老師。
I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我買了一條黃裙子。
2. 否定句形式:①was/were+not; ②在行為動詞前加didn't,同時(shí)還原行為動詞
I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.
一年前我不是一名英語老師。
I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我沒買一條黃裙子。
3. 一般疑問句:①was/were提到句首; ②Did+主語+動詞原形+其他?
Were you an English teacher one year ago?
一年前你是一名英語老師嗎?
Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon?
昨天下午你買了一條黃裙子嗎?
4. 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句
What were you one year ago?
一年前你是做什么的?
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