初一英語語法知識點總結復習
學習好英語是我們看世界的一個方式,英語尤其重要的是語法的學習,下面是小編給大家?guī)淼某跻挥⒄Z語法知識點總結復習,希望能夠幫助到大家!
初一英語語法知識點總結復習
一. 動詞be(am,is,are)的用法:
be動詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。
?、俚谝蝗朔Q單數(I)配合am來用。句型解析析:I am+…
例句:I am Snoopy.
I am ten years old.
I am a student.
I am a boy.
②第二人稱(You)配合are使用。句型解析:You are+…
例句:You are my good friend.
You are a good teacher.
You are beautiful
③第三人稱單數(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析:She(He, It) is +……
例句:She is a good girl.
She is so tall.
She is short.
④人稱復數 (we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:We (You, They) are +……
例句We are in Class 5,Grade 7.
They are my friends.
You are good students.
用法口訣:
我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。單數名詞用is,復數名詞全用are。變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。變疑問,往前提,句末問號莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。
對應練習:
一. 用括號中適當的詞填空。
1. I ________(am, are, is) from Australia.
2. She _______ (am, are, is) a student.
3. Jane and Tom _________(am, is, are) my friends.
4. My parents _______ (am, is, are) very busy every day.
5. _______ (Are, Is, Do, Does) there a Chinese school in New York?
6. _______ (Be, Are, Were, Was) they excited when he heard the news?
7. There _____ (be) some glasses on it.
8. If he _____ (be) free tomorrow, he will go with us.
二、人稱代詞
表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞,叫做人稱代詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數和格的變化,見下表:
人稱 | 單數 | 復數 | ||
主格 | 賓格 | 主格 | 賓格 | |
第一人稱 | I | me | we | us |
第二人稱 | you | you | you | you |
第三人稱 | he | him | they | them |
she | her | |||
it | it |
人稱代詞主格:作主語,表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。
I am a teacher. You are student. He is a student, too.
We/You/They are students.
人稱代詞賓格作賓語,表示動作行為的對象。
Give it to me. Let’s go (let’s =let us)
三、物主代詞
表示所有關系的代詞叫做物主代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,其人稱和數的變化見下表。
數 人稱 類別 | 單數 | 復數 | ||||||
第一 人稱 | 第二 人稱 | 第三 人稱 | 第一 人稱 | 第二人稱 | 第三 人稱 | |||
形容詞性物主 代詞 | my | your | his | her | its | our | your | their |
名詞性物主代詞 | mine | yours | his | hers | its | ours | yours | theirs |
漢語 | 我的 | 你的 | 他的 | 她的 | 它的 | 我們的 | 你們的 | 他(她、它)們的 |
形容詞性物主代詞(my/your/his/her/its/our/their)+名詞
而名詞性物主代詞則相當于形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,故其后不必加名詞。如:
Is this your book?
No,,it isn’t, it’s hers(her book)
This pen is mine.
代詞練習
一、用所給代詞的正確形式填空。
1. These are ______ ( he ) brothers.
2. That is _______( she ) sister.
3. Lily is _______ ( Lucy ) sister.
4. Tom, this is _____ ( me ) cousin, Mary.
5. Now _____________(her parent) are in America.
6. Those __________ ( child ) are _____ ( I ) father’s students.
7. Do you know ______ ( it ) name?
8. Mike and Tom __________ ( be ) friends.
9. Thanks for helping ________( I ).
10. ______(Ann安)mother is ______(we) teacher.
二、用適當的代詞填空 1.We like ________ (he, his , him) very much. 2.Is this guitar ________ (you, your, yours)? 3.________(She, Her, Hers) name is Li Li. 4.Father bought a desk for ________ (I, my, me, mine). 5.________ (It, It's, Its) is very cold today. 6.Is this your book, Mike? Yes ,________(we, you, they )are. 7.Are you and Tom classmates? Yes, ________(we, you ,they )are. 8.Each of the students ________( have, has) a pen pal. 9.He has a dog. I want to have ________(it, one ),too. 10.Her parents are ________ (both, all ,either )teachers. 11.The text is easy for you .There are ________( few, a few ,little,a little) new words in it. 12.I want ________( some, any) bananas. Give me these big ________(one, ones). |
四、陳述句
1、 概念:說明一個事實或是陳述說話人的看法的句子,句末用句號。
2、 分類:陳述句根據其語法結構,可大體分為“主語+謂語”和“主語+連系動詞+表語”兩種;而從語氣的角度分,又可分為肯定陳述句和否定陳述句
(1)“主語+謂語”結構
?、倏隙愂鼍?/p>
I like that book.我喜歡那本書。(陳述一個事實)
I really agree.我確實同意。(陳述一個觀點)
②否定陳述句
I did not buy the TV.我沒有買那個電視。(陳述一個事實)
(2)主語+連系動詞+表語結構
?、倏隙愂雒?/p>
The film is boring . 這部電影沒意思。(陳述觀點)
②否定陳述句
Smoking is not good for your health.抽煙對你的健康沒有好處。(陳述一個事實)
3、 陳述句的否定結構:
陳述句的否定式主要用兩種結構來表達:
(1)句子的謂語動詞為be , have 或者謂語動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞時,其否定結構為:
主語+謂語動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 + not + 其他成分
I am not a teacher. 我不是老師。
We have not (haven`t) any books on animals. 我們沒有任何有關動物方面的書。
The children are not (aren`t) playing in the playground. 孩子們沒在操場上玩。
He will not (won`t) come. 他不會來。
We must not (mustn`t) forget the past. 我們不能忘記過去。
It could not (couldn`t) be lost. 它不可能丟的。
(2) 當句子的謂語動詞是do (即行為動詞),而且沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞時,其否定結構為:主語+do (does,did) + not + 動詞原形 + 其他成分
You do not (don`t) come here every day . 你沒有每天都來這里。
He does not (doesn`t) teach this class . 他不教這個班。
They did not(didn`t) watch TV last night . 昨晚他們沒看電視。
注意:陳述句的語調一般用降調。但在表示疑問的語氣時,用升調,在書面上要用問號來表示。
You really want to go to Hong Kong ? 你真的想去香港嗎?
這句話表示的是一種疑問,只不過是通過陳述的語序和疑問的語氣來表達的
五、疑問句
疑問句是用來提出疑問的句子,句末用問號“?”。常考的疑問句有四類,即:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句。
(1)一般疑問句
一般疑問句通常需要用yes 或no 來回答,所以又叫做“是非疑問句”。在讀這種句子時
要用升調。一般疑問句主要有以下幾種類型:
1、“be + 主語 + 表語”結構
— Are you sleepy ? 你困了嗎?
— Yes, I am . 是的,我困了。
2、“情態(tài)動詞 + 主語言+ 行為動詞(或be)”結構
— May/Can I use the telephone? 我能用這部電話嗎?
— Yes, you can. 是的,可以。
3、“助動詞(do, does, did)+ 主語 + 行為動詞”結構
— Do you like swimming in summer? 你喜歡夏天游泳嗎?
— No, I don`t . 不,我不喜歡。
難點提示
回答否定性一般疑問句時,要在Yes 后面用肯定結構,表示肯定;在No 后面用否定結構,表示否定。注意在說法上正好與漢語習慣相反。訣竅是在回答的時候,只要把它當成沒有加否定形式的普通一般疑問句看待就可以了。注意下面例句的回答和它的意思。
— Is he not your elder brother? 他不是你的哥哥嗎?
—Yes, he is . 不,他是(我的哥哥)。No, he is not. 是的,他不是(我的哥哥)。
— Isn`t she very clever? 她難道不是很聰明嗎?
— Yes, she is. 不,她很聰明。— No, she is not . 是,她不聰明。
(2)特殊疑問句
一、特殊疑問句是用來提出來特定問題的疑問句,要求聽到問題的人針對特定情況來做具體的回答,不能像一般疑問句一樣簡單地用Yes 或No 來回答,特殊疑問句要用降調來讀。
二、特殊疑問句的結構:
特殊疑問詞 + 一般疑問句
Who do English homework in the evening?誰晚上做英語家庭作業(yè)?
What do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么?
What homework do you do in the evening?你晚上做什么家庭作業(yè)?
When do you do English homework?你什么時候做英語家庭作業(yè)?
三、注意:
對人提問時who“誰”
對所屬(誰的)提問用whose“誰的”
對哪一個提問用which“哪一個”
對時間提問用when“什么時候”或what time“幾點”
對物體提問用what“什么”
對地點提問用where“哪里”
對原因提問用why“為什么”
對方式提問用how“怎么樣”
對數量提問用how many“多少”(用于可數名詞復數)或how much“多少”(用于不可數名詞)
四、難點提示
1、 以why開頭的特殊疑問句否定形式常用于表示建議、請求等。Why don`t you have a try? 你為什么不試試呢?
2、 特殊疑問句常用到一些縮略形式,在平時學習中要注意習慣這些用法。
I don`t want to go there. How about you? 我不想去那兒,你呢?
But what else? 可是還有什么呢?
1、把下列句子變成否定句:
1. I am listening to music. ___________
2. Mike is a student. ______________________
3.Sarah can clean the classroom. _______________
4. They are in the zoo. ____________________
5. There are some flowers in the vase.____________
6. This is my sister. _________________________
7. We are sweeping the floor._____________________
8. We need some masks. _________________________
9. They like making the puppet. ___________________
10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.
_____________________________
11. I put a book on my head.
_________________________________
12. They sing “In the classroom” together.
__________________________________
13. We play basketball on Sundays.
________________________________
14. Tom likes listening to music
______________________________
2、把下列句子變成一般疑問句
1. I am listening to music. __________
2. Mike is a student. ___________________
3. Sarah can clean the classroom._______________
4. They are in the zoo. _______________________
5. There are some flowers in the vase.___________
6. This is my sister. ________________________
7. We are sweeping the floor._____________________
8. We need some masks. ______________________
9. They like making the puppet. _______________
10. Su Hai and Su Yang live in a new house.
_________________________________________________
11. I put a book on my head.
_________________________________________________
12. They sing “In the classroom” together.
_______________________________________________
13. We play basketball on Sundays.
_________________________________________________
14. Tom likes listening to music
____________________________________________
六.have作實義動詞
1.表示“有”的意思
Look, I have wings, just like you.
He had fair hair and blue eyes.
〔注1〕:其否定和疑問形式變化,在美國通常用助動詞do。
〔注2〕:在英國口語中常用have got代替have.
Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,
I haven't got any jewelry.
2.have和一些其他名詞連用,表示:
(1)一種活動。
We have no classes on Sunday.(上課)
they’re going to have a volleyball match.(舉行比賽)
Are we going to have a meeting this week?(開會)
We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(聽報告)
(2)患病。
I have got a headache.
I have a bad cold.
(3)發(fā)生的情況。
I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)
(4)生育。
The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.
3.和一與動詞同形的名詞連用,表示一個動作(have+a+由動詞轉化和名詞)
Are you going to have a swim.
I have a long talk with the teacher.
4.have on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿著”、“戴著”(=to be wearing)
I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.
At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.
5.表示“吃”、“喝”
I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.
Does she have lunch at home?
6.組成復合結構即“have+賓語+賓語補足語”
(1)不加to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語(have sb. do sth.),表示讓、叫某人做某事。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.
〔注〕:否定結構表示“不能讓…”或“從未有人…”.
We won't have you blame it on others.
She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.
(2)現在分詞作賓語補足語(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示讓(使)某人做某事。
…the two men had their lights burning all night long….
(3)過去分詞作賓語補足語(have sb. (sth.)done),表示:
?、偈?讓,請)別人作某事,表示的動作是別人做的。
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.
…he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.
②遭遇到某事。
Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.
七、英語名詞單數變復數的規(guī)則
一、絕大多數的可數名詞的復數形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。
讀音變化:結尾是清輔音讀[s],結尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。
例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構成復數。
讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀[iz]。
例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes
三、以輔音字母+y結尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。
讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories
四、以-o結尾的名詞,如果不是外來詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構成復數。
讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes
反例:silo→silos; piano→pianos(外來詞); photo→photos; macro→macros(縮寫詞)
五、以-f或-fe結尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves,但有例外。
讀音變化:尾音[f]改讀[vz]。
例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves
反例:roof→roofs
六、以-us結尾的名詞(多為外來詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構成復數。
讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。
例:fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti
七、以-is結尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。
讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。
例:axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes
八、以-ix結尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices,但有例外。
讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes
九、以-um結尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)?a。
讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音。
例:forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua
十、以-a結尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。
讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。
例:larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae
十一、部分單詞的復數形式不變。
讀音變化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon→salmon
十二、極少數單詞,其復數形式沒有任何規(guī)律。
讀音變化:沒有規(guī)律。
例:man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen
十三、一些單數詞得加en才能變成復數詞:
例:ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren
十四、一些單數詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復數詞
例:analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基礎; datum→data數據; foot→feet;
formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men
mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;
parenthesis→parentheses 圓括號; phenomenon→phenomena現象; radius→radii 半徑
tooth→teeth; woman→women
十五、有些名詞是單數、復數不分的
例:deer; fish; cannon; sheep; salmon 鮭魚; trout 鱒魚
十六、一些名詞雖分單數、復數,但出現次數多的總是單數詞
例:abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery機械; news; scenery風景; sugar;
traffic交通
十七、另一些名詞則以復數詞出現的機會較多
例:bellows風箱; clothes; police; shorts短褲; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼鏡; shears大剪刀
trousers長褲; wages工資
十八、compound nouns,這類復數詞是以主要的名詞來表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦; maid-servant→maid-servants
step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law
十九、若表達具體數目,要借助數量詞
例:pair(對,雙); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
二十、另外還有一些名詞,其復數形式有時可表示特別意思,
例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚
二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數形式。
例:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
以O結尾的詞,許多加es構成復數,特別是一些常用詞如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes
但下面幾類詞只加s:
1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結尾詞如:videos,radios,studios,folios
2.一些外來詞,特別是音樂方面的如:pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos
3.一些縮寫詞和專有名詞,如:kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos
有個別詞加兩種詞尾都可以,如:archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英),cargos(美)
名詞由單數變成復數的練習
寫出下列名詞復數
leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______
用所給的單詞的復數的正確形式填空:
1>There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.
2>There are three ______(chair) in the classroom.
3>These _______(tomato) are red.
4>______(hero) are great.
5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)
6>There are some ______(deer) eating the grass.
7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).
8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.
9>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.
10>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the kitchen.
11>I have two ______(pencil-box).
12>There are some ______(bus)in the street.
13>Peter has eight _____(foot).
14>Linda has three _______(tooth).
15>There are some ______(child) in the garden.
16>Michael likes the ______(mouse).
17>There are some ______(goose)in the river.
18>My uncle and father are _____(man).
19>Tom and King are _____(boy).
20>Linda has three ______(tooth).
八、現在進行時
1,表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。
Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵鬧。我正在寫作文。
Let's set off. It isn’t raining now. 咱們出發(fā)吧?,F在不下雨了。
這類情況常與now現在,at the present現在,at the moment現在,today今天,this week這個星期,this year今年等時間狀語連用。有時通過上下文可以判斷出應采用何種時態(tài),如:
It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 現在是下午四點。孩子們在操場上踢足球。
Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快點!我們大家都等著你。
Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看!他們在那邊的樹底下看書。
Listen! She is singing in the room. 聽!她在房間里唱歌。
Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凱特在哪里?她在房間里看書。
Why are you crying? Is something wrong?
為什么哭呢?有什么不對?
2,表示現階段正在進行而說話時不一定在進行的動作。
We are working in a factory these days. 這幾天我們在一家工廠工作。
They are compiling a dictionary. 他們在編一本詞典。
這類情況常與today今天,this week這個星期,this evening今天晚上,these days現在、目前等時間狀語連用。
3,在口語中表示主語計劃將要作的動作。
They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要動身前往紐約。
Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎?
這類情況常與come來,go去, leave離開,depart離開,arrive到達,stay逗留,start開始等動詞連用。所用的動詞必須是動作而不是狀態(tài),主語必須是人。
4,現在進行時與always等副詞連用時帶有感情色彩。
He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜歡跟別人吵架。
She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔心著。
The boy is forever asking questions. 那個男孩老是問問題。
這類情況常與always總是,usually通常,continually不斷的,constantly經常的,forever永遠、老是等副詞連用。
5,有的現在進行時句子和一般現在時同義。用現在進行時表示問者的關切心情。
How are you feeling today? (How do you feel today?)你今天感覺如何?
I am looking (look)forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再來。
Why are you looking(do you look)so sad? 為什么你看起來這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢?
6,有的動詞用于現在進行時表示“逐漸”的含義。此種用法除了偶爾和now連用外,一般不和其他時間副詞連用的。
Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學習變得越來越有趣了。
The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了。
The war is ending. 戰(zhàn)爭接近尾聲了。
Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一會兒,我的晚飯就要吃完了。
適合于此種用法的動詞有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go變成,begin開始,forget忘記,remember記得,die死,finish完成,find發(fā)現,rise增強等.
7,“be”動詞的現在進行時?!癰e”動詞用于現在進行時表示說話者認為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的。
He is being foolish. 他在裝傻。
He is being honest. 他表現得特別老實。
She is being rude. 她故意表現粗魯。
I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時他為何如此自私。
適合于此種用法的有:foolish愚蠢的,nice好的,kind好心的,careful細心的,patient耐心的,lazy懶惰的,silly傻的,rude粗魯的,polite禮貌的,impolite無禮的等表示人的特性、性格的形容詞。(“be”動詞用于現在進行時表示人的行為,純粹表示心理或生理的狀態(tài)而不帶有行動時或主語不是人時,“be”動詞不能用于現在進行時)如:
I am happy.(表語是純粹的心理狀態(tài),不可用am being) 我很快樂。
He's tired.(表語是純粹的生理狀態(tài),不可用is being) 他很疲倦。
It's hot today.(主語不是人,不可用is being) 今天很熱。 常和現在進行時連用的時間狀語
用法實例:
(1)當句子中有now時,常表示動作正在進行,這時要用現在進行時。如:They are playing basketball now.現在他們正在打籃球。
(2)以look, listen開頭的句子,提示我們動作正進行,這時要用現在進行時。如:Listen!She is singing an English song.聽,她正在唱英語歌。
(3)表示當前一段時間或現階段正在進行的動作,且此時有this week, these days等時間狀語,這時常用現在進行時。如:We are making model planes these days.這些天我們在做飛機模型。
(4)描述圖片中的人物的動作,也為了表達更生動。此時也常用現在進行時。如:Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看這幅圖,那些孩子正在公園放風箏。
一般結構:
肯定句式:主語+be( am, is, are)+現在分詞+其它.
否定句式:主語+be(am, is, are) +not +現在分詞+其它.
一般疑問句:Be(am, is, are) +主語+現在分詞+其它?
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+be(am, is, are)+主語+現在分詞+其它?
對一般疑問句作答,肯定回答:yes,主語+be,否定回答:no,主語+be not
對現在進行時的特殊疑問句的回答,它不可以用Yes或No直接作答,要根據實際情況回答。
Eg:They are working these days. He is buying a bike.
They aren’t working these days. He isn’t buying a bike.
Are they working these days? Is he buying a bike?
What are they doing these days? What is he doing ?
現在分詞的變法有
1、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing
Jump——jumping
go——going
pushing——pushing
play——playing
2、以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞,先去e,再加-ing.
Take——takeing
leave——leaving
write——writing
have——having
3、.以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞,它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上-ing.
Cut—cutting
put—putting
stop—stopping
fit—fitting
begin—beginning
forget—forgetting
4.以ie結尾的詞,將ie變?yōu)閥再加ing
Lie—lying
練習:
盡管現在進行時比較簡單,但在做題過程中也常會犯一些錯誤,常見的錯誤有如下幾種:
1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.
A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping
2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.
A .Who B .How C.What D.Where
3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.
A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep
4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.
A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes
5 、–When_____he_____back?
– Sorry, I don’t know.
A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming
6、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.
7、 What____he _____(mend)?
8、 We _____(play)games now.
9、 What ____you____(do) thesse days?
10、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?
11、 Who____(sing)in the next room?
12、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.
答案:1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing
5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing
注意:
把動詞變成現在分詞形式易出錯
例:1、They are swiming.(swim)
2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.
答案:1.swimming 2 .playing
丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現在分詞
例:1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.
2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.
答案:1 are flying 2 isn’t reading
解析:現在進行時肯定句的結構規(guī)律為: “be+現在分詞,缺一不可”。這一點必須牢記。
對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing
例:1 、The students are singing in the room.(對劃線部分提問)
What are the students in the room?答案:What are the students doing in the room?
解析:現在進行時態(tài)中對動作提問可記住此句式“What +be +主語+doing+其它?”
現在進行時態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現在分詞形式
例:孩子們在跑還是在跳?
Are the children running or jump?答案:Are the children running or jumping?
解析: or連接的是兩個并列成分,動詞形式須一致。