外研版必修二英語語法
外研版必修二英語語法
語法是英語考試中的重中之重，所占分值也多。提高英語能力的方法是多讀多練多積累。小編在這里整理了外研版必修二英語語法供大家閱讀，希望能幫助到您。
第一單元
1.不定式作定語的用法歸納
1). 被修飾名詞前有序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或the only, the last, the very, the next修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語。被修飾名詞和不定式具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。
Eg. John Smith is the only person to know the secret.
2).表示抽象概念的名詞，后面用動(dòng)詞不定式做定語，用于解釋中心詞的內(nèi)容，如ability, way, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination等。
Eg. she gave up the chance to go abroad.
3).如不定式動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)，其后須加一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。例如：
Have you got a chair to sit on? 你有椅子坐了嗎?
2.⑴pay~ 的短語 ①注意pay attention to
?、诎菰Lpay a visit to
?、鄹肚?，還清(債務(wù));得到回報(bào)pay off
⑵ buy sth for some money 用多少錢買某物
sb. spend money on sth. / in doing sth. 把錢花在…上
sth. cost (sb.) money (某物)花了(某人)多少錢
3.sure
1).make sure that do(時(shí)態(tài))
When you leave the office, make sure that all the lights are turned off.(燈關(guān)上了)
2).make sure of / about 確保，弄清楚
You’d better make sure of the time and place for the meeting .(弄清楚開會(huì)得時(shí)間和地點(diǎn))
3) be sure to do肯定會(huì)，務(wù)必 Be sure to come on time.
be sure of / about 有把握，肯定
He is to succeed/ win. 他肯定會(huì)贏。(說話者的主觀意見)
He is sure of his success. 他確信自己會(huì)成功.(主語的觀點(diǎn))
= He is sure that he will succeed.
4.一般將來時(shí)態(tài)
?、舧ill do sth / shall do sth 單純表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)已經(jīng)打算好。
be going to do sth ①表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。
?、诒硎菊f話人根據(jù)已有的跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的事情
①It is going to rain. ②We are going to have a meeting today. ③ I am going to leave.
?、芺e to do sth 表示安排、計(jì)劃、決定、命令或注定要發(fā)生的事.
?、賂he boy is to go to school tomorrow
?、赥he bridge is to be built next year.
?、恰癰e about to + 動(dòng)詞原形” 表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或已經(jīng)打算好馬上要去做的動(dòng)作，意為 be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語。
I’m about to leave.
?、?go , come , start, move, sail, leave, arrive ,stay 等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的詞可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
I’m leaving for Beijing.
?、?某些動(dòng)詞(如come, go ,leave, arrive, start, get , stay 等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的詞)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來。表示按照時(shí)刻表上規(guī)定的時(shí)間將要發(fā)生，有具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
?、賂he meeting starts at five o’clock. ②The plane takes off at 7:05 am.
注將來時(shí)態(tài)中，如果單純表示將來，或即興動(dòng)作，用will;
表示早已經(jīng)打算好了則應(yīng)該用be going to do / be to do be about to do / be doing 等。
第二單元
1.addict v./n. addiction adj. addictive /addicted
?、?Adam Rouse used to be a drug addict(癮君子)
?、贖e is now fighting against his cocaine addiction(癮)
?、跦eroin is highly addictive(使人上癮的)
?、蹾er son is addicted to(沉迷于) computer games.
?、軨ocaine is a powerfully addictive(使人上癮的)drug.
?、瞝ikely adj. 可能的;有希望的, 適合的 adv. 或許, 可能
It is likely that... 很可能... = It’s probable/ possible that…
sb./sth. be likely to do很可能做… = It is possible for sb./sth. to do …
Not likely!不可能! 才不呢! (強(qiáng)調(diào)否認(rèn)或拒絕)
?、賂hey are the likeliest candidates. 他們是最有可能當(dāng)選的候選人。
②He is the likeliest person for the job. 他是最適合做這份工作的人。
?、鬯略潞芸赡懿粊?。She is not likely to come next month.
?、芎芸赡芩粫?huì)同意。It is likely that he won’t agree.
The smokers are twice as likely as non-smokers to develop Alzheimer’s disease.
= The smokers are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease
?、硉oo…to
⑴“ too + adj/adv. + to + do sth.” 意思是太…而不能.
?、拼送猓?too+ adj/adv. + for sb. to do sth.” 意為對(duì)某人來說，太….而不能。
⑶Too…to 中的too 前面有否定詞，如never 時(shí)，表示肯定：
It is never too late to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。
【補(bǔ)充】："too...to"結(jié)構(gòu)中帶有表示某種心情或描繪性的形容詞或副詞，如ready, eager, satisfied, kind, willing, easy, anxious等加動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)合成一個(gè)不可分割的狀態(tài)、態(tài)度、傾向或心情等，并且其后的不定式不是說明too的具體內(nèi)容，而是修飾形容詞，不定式就不再表示結(jié)果。例如：
Comrade Lei Feng was too ready to help others. 雷鋒同志樂于助人。
?、?amp;hellip;..ever
?、舧hatever用法 “不管…/ 無論(…任何…)” ------用法和what 類似。
?.引導(dǎo)狀語從句： ①.Whatever happens, you shouldn’t lose heart.
= No matter what happens, you shouldn’t lose heart.
?、?Whatever (great) difficulty you meet, you shouldn’t give up.
= No matter what difficulty you meet, you shouldn’t give up.
?.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句： ①.You should tell me whatever happened.
②. Whatever he did is for your good.
(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不能用no matter what)
?、?whichever 用法 “任何一個(gè)(件、本…)” (有選擇范圍)
?.引導(dǎo)狀語從句： Whichever computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you.
= No matter which computer you choose from those, I will buy it for you.
?引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：Whichever book he bought from the shop would be paid for.
(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不能用no matter which)
?、莣hoever 用法 “任何…的人”
?.引導(dǎo)狀語從句： ①.Whoever sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith.
= No matter who sees the dog, please contact Mr. Smith.
②.Whoever studies hard, he can make progress later.
= No matter who studies hard, he can make progress later.
?引導(dǎo)名詞性從句：①.Whoever studies hard can make progress later..
?、?Give the book to whoever is interested in it.
(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不能用no matter who)
第三單元
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
?、?It is/was + 主語/賓語/狀語 + that (who) + 句子其余部分
② 對(duì)“… not …until…”強(qiáng)調(diào)，用It is/was not until … that …
?、蹖?duì)特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào), 用 特殊疑問詞+ is it that + 句子其余部分
Where did he see Li Ming yesterday? →
Where was it that he saw Li Ming yesterday?
2. make a record 錄制唱片
keep / hold a record 保持記錄
set a record 創(chuàng)記錄
break a record 打破記錄
3. 當(dāng)way 作先行詞時(shí)，用that / in which / 不用 (引導(dǎo)定語從句)
4.find/ make/ feel/ think/ believe/ consider + it + adj./n. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)
?、盼覀兿嘈磐ㄟ^學(xué)習(xí)有可能改變?nèi)松?/p>
We believe it possible to change our life by learning.
?、漆t(yī)生認(rèn)為你度個(gè)假期比較好。
The doctor considered it better for you to have a holiday take a vocation.
5.主語+ be + adj. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)
1). What he said is difficult to understand.
2). The book is easy to read.
3). Chair is comfortable to sit on.
6.do you think 作插入語的用法
你認(rèn)為他們何時(shí)會(huì)得出結(jié)論?
When do you think they will come to a conclusion ?
你認(rèn)為我會(huì)怎么處理這件事?
How do you think I can deal with this matter?
其他插入語：do you believe/ suppose/ imagine/ guess/ expect/ suggest
注意：do you suggest 所在的句子要用虛擬語氣，即should+ do, should 可以省略
第四單元
1. situation;point;case;experience;story;family 這類詞充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)常用where或相應(yīng)介詞+which。
?、瞙appen vi. 發(fā)生 (不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。)
?、酬P(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
1)不用that, 只能用which的情況:
a) 在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)
The tree, (which is four hundred years old,) is very famous here.
b) 介詞后不能用
Gun control is a subject, (about which Americans talked a lot.)
2) 不用which, 只能用that的情況:
a) 在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。 Finally, the thief handed everything (that he had stolen) to the police.
b) 先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時(shí)，只用that。
He is the very man (that helped the girl out of the water) .
c) 先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.
The first English book (that I read) was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。
He talked about the teachers and schools( that he visited).
e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時(shí)，用that 以避免重復(fù)。
?、醋g作“認(rèn)為”時(shí)，有下列句型
consider sb./sth.(to be/as).認(rèn)為某人是
sb./sth. is considered (to be/as).某人被認(rèn)為是
sb is considered+to have done sth. 某人被認(rèn)為做了某事
consider it+adj.+to do sth. 認(rèn)為做某事是···
5.can’t stand + sth/ sb
can’t stand + (sb/sb’s) doing
can’t stand + 不能忍受being done
?、禷dopt vt.
1) They adopted my suggestion. 采納
2) The poor child was adopted by the couple. 收養(yǎng)
3) He’s not my real father; I’m adopted. 收養(yǎng)
?、?tell A and B apart把A和B區(qū)分開
tell A from B_________________
tell the difference between A and B說出A和B 的不同
to tell (you) the truth 說實(shí)話
tell a story/joke/lie 講故事、講笑話、撒謊
?、涪趴山硬欢ㄊ阶髻e語的動(dòng)詞有：afford ,agree, aim, attempt, decide, expect, fail, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want ,wish, turn
完成句子
?、?他買不起這么貴的小汽車。
He can’t afford to buy such an expensive car.
?、诋?dāng)老師進(jìn)來的時(shí)候，他假裝正在讀書。
When the teacher came in, he pretended to be reading.
?、鬯鲃?dòng)提出開車去接我們。
He offered to pick us up.
?、啤耙蓡栐~+不定式”也可作賓語，這樣的動(dòng)詞有 teach, show, discuss, decide等。
完成句子
①到目前為止他們還沒決定什么時(shí)候走.
So far they haven’t decided when to leave.
?、?.他們正在討論如何解決這個(gè)問題。
They are discussing how to deal with this problem.
She practises playing the piano every day.
?、?v-ing 作賓語
⑴ 下列動(dòng)詞通常直接v-ing作賓語
finish, enjoy, mind, miss, keep, avoid, imagine, practice, suggest, risk, appreciate, admit等 ，
①你介意打開門嗎?
Do you mind opening the door?
?、谒刻炀毩?xí)彈鋼琴。
She practises playing the piano every day.
?、埔恍﹦?dòng)詞詞組由“動(dòng)詞+介詞”組成的他們的后面也接v-ing 作賓語。常見的有：look forward to, get used to , put off, believe in, dream of , think of , give up, insist on, feel like, 等等。
我盼望收到你的來信。
I’m looking forward to receiving your letter.
10.有些動(dòng)詞接不定式和v-ing 作賓語意義不同，
forget/remember to do忘了、記著要去做某事 forget /remember doing 忘了、記得做過某事
regret to do 遺憾要做某事
regret doing 后悔做了某事
stop to do 停下來做另一件事
stop doing 停止做某事
try to do 努力試圖去做某事
try doing 試著做某事(看看結(jié)果，效果)
mean to do 打算要做
mean doing 意味著
can’t help to do 不能幫著做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做某事
?、傥冶緛泶蛩闳?，但有事沒去。
I had meant to go there, but something unexpected happened.
第五單元
?、眂ongratulate祝賀其賓語是人;
celebrate 祝賀，其賓語是物( 節(jié)日、生日 、勝利、成功)
?、瞐board
①. aboard adv.& prep 在(船、飛機(jī)、火車上)
--The plane crashed , killing 200 people aboard.
--All aboard!
--Welcome aboard!
?、趨^(qū)別：abroad/ board
A. abroad adv. 在國(guó)外
--She often goes abroad on business. 她經(jīng)常因公出國(guó)。
-- I’ve never lived abroad before.
--He was famous, both at home and abroad.
B. board n. 木板，董事會(huì)
v. 上船(或火車、飛機(jī)、公共汽車等) on board = aboard
--I wrote the examples up on the board.
--There is still only one woman on the board of directors. 在董事會(huì)
3. Welcome to space
( 1 ) vt 歡迎，迎接
①President Hu Jintao will welcome 10 heads of states to Hainan Province for the 7th Boao For Asia next week .
胡錦濤同志下周將赴海南迎接前來參加亞洲第七屆博鰲論壇的10國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
( 2 ) adj . 受歡迎的
①You are welcome to stay with us as long as you like .
?、?---Thank you for the coffee .
---- You are welcome .
總結(jié)：Sb be welcome to do sth 歡迎某人干某事
be welcome to sth./ to do sth. “可隨意取用某物或做某事”。
You are welcome . 不用謝，別客氣。
?、催B詞有：because，as，since，now that， seeing that, considering that,
because通常表示直接的、主要的原因，從句通常置于句尾，也可置于句首，語氣比較強(qiáng)回答why提出的問題;
as和since表示明顯的、已知的原因，從句通常放在句首;for表示補(bǔ)充說明或推測(cè)的原因，從句必須后置，且必須用逗號(hào)和主句分開。
(1)because由因?qū)Ч?，because從句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.
(2)for語氣較because要弱得多，只能置于主句之后，對(duì)前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷
如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.(很顯然，鳥叫不可能是“現(xiàn)在已是早上”的原因。)
(3)since，as“既然，由于”，它們通常被置于語句之前，但有時(shí)卻相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
(4)下列情況下只能使用because:
?、僭诨卮饂hy的問句時(shí); ②在用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí); ③被not所否定時(shí)。
(5) 一些介詞短語同樣可以表示原因，這樣的短語有：
because of, thanks to, due to, owing to, as a result of等。
--- He couldn't walk because his leg was broken// because of his broken leg
---They stayed in because the weather was bad//because of the bad weather
第六單元
1.interest: N.意思： (1)興趣 (2) 股份
短語：對(duì)……感興趣be interested in have /take interest in
對(duì)……失去興趣lose interest in
共同利益common interests
2.it is generally agreed that… 人們一致同意…
與此類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：It is/ was said / believed / reported/ estimated /suggested that… 據(jù)……= sb./ sth. is said/ believed… to do (to have done)
?、湃藗兤毡檎J(rèn)為它是我國(guó)最著名的作家之一。
It is generally agreed that he is one of the most famous writers in our country.
4). 有人建議會(huì)議應(yīng)該推遲。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.
?、矷t has occasionally been done. 偶爾做這件事
occasional adj. 偶然的;特殊場(chǎng)合的
occasion n. 場(chǎng)合;時(shí)機(jī)
on occasion 有時(shí)，間或 = occasionally
on one occasion 曾經(jīng);有一個(gè)時(shí)候
“有時(shí)”譯法：
sometimes/ at times/ from time to time/ (every) now and then/ once in a while
?、磎arry
marry sb. to sb. 使……娶/把……嫁給
get married to與某人結(jié)婚(表動(dòng)作)
be married to與某人結(jié)婚(表狀態(tài)) n. marriage
1)She married her daughter to an engineer.
她把女兒嫁給了一個(gè)工程師。
2) They have been married for 13 years.
=They got married 13 years ago.
=It is 13 years since they got married.
?、?) which TV programme to watch 為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作about 的賓語。
?、?Please explain to us where to begin and how to do it.
2) “疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。
?、?什么時(shí)候離開這兒由你決定。
When to leave here is up to you.
?、?問題是怎樣實(shí)施你的計(jì)劃。
The question is how to carry out your plan.
【點(diǎn)津】whether 一詞也可以與不定式連用。
?、?I didn’t know whether to believe him or not.
本次整理就到這里啦，祝大家在考試中能金榜題名!