高二英語必修書的語法知識點總結
我們都知道，任何語言的學習，起初都是語法的學習還有詞匯的積累，再應用的過程。這是鐵定的事實。在進入這個話題之前，我們必須首先明確英語學習的態(tài)度。積極的態(tài)度能取得事半功倍的效果。以下是小編給大家整理的高二英語必修書的語法知識點總結，希望大家能夠喜歡!
高二英語必修書的語法知識點總結1
1. 一般過去時的定義
一般過去時表示過去某一時候或某一段時間所發(fā)生了的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。常與過去時間yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when – clause, in the past連用。如：
What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我會到了林濤。
I was there a moment ago. 剛才我在那兒。
2. 一般過去時的應用
(1) 表示過去某時所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如：
Liu Ying was in America last year. 劉英去年在美國。
Jim rang you just now. 吉姆剛才給你打了電話。
(2) 表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。常接時間副詞often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如：
We often went out for a walk after supper. 我們過去常在晚飯后散步。
We usually played together. 我們通常一起玩。
3. 一般過去時對謂語動詞的要求
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一般過去時的謂語動詞要用動詞的過去式。動詞過去式的構成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式，不規(guī)則變化通常需要逐個記憶，規(guī)則變化則遵循以下原則：
(1) 一般在動詞后加-ed。如：play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.
(2) 在以字母e結尾的動詞后，只加-d。如：like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。
(3) 在以“輔音字母+y”結尾的動詞后，則改y為i，再加—ed。如：supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.
(4) 在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結尾且，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞后，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加-ed。如：plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.
4. 特別說明
有些動詞的過去時，如：expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般過去時，后接不定式的完成時;或它們的過去完成時接不定式的一般式，都可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望。如：
I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他來邀請我參加他的婚禮。
I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算參加他們的比賽。
高二英語必修書的語法知識點總結2
1 系動詞
系動詞亦稱聯(lián)系動詞(Link Verb)，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語(亦稱補語)，構成系表結構說明主語的狀況、性質、特征等情況。說明：有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語。例如：
He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。(fell是系動詞，后跟補足語，說明主語情況。)
He fell off the ladder. 他從梯子上摔下來。fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語。
1)狀態(tài)系動詞
用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。例如：
He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。(is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。)
2)持續(xù)系動詞
用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand。例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他開會時總保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一個謎。
3)表像系動詞
用來表示"看起來像"這一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。例如：
He looks tired. 他看起來很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起來很傷心。
4)感官系動詞
感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。
This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來很香。
5)變化系動詞
這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run。例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她沒多長時間就富了。(北京安通學校提供)
6)終止系動詞
表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達"證實"，"變成"之意。例如：
The rumor proved false. 這謠言證實有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查證實很難。
His plan turned out a success. 他的計劃終于成功了。(turn out表終止性結果)
2 助動詞
1)協(xié)助主要動詞構成謂語動詞的詞叫助動詞。被協(xié)助的動詞稱作主要動詞。助動詞自身沒有詞義，不可單獨使用。例如：
He doesn′t like English. 他不喜歡英語。
(doesn′t是助動詞，無詞義;like是主要動詞，有詞義)
2) 助動詞協(xié)助主要動詞完成以下功用，可以用來：
a. 表示時態(tài)。例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。(北京安通學校提供)
He has got married. 他已結婚。
b. 表示語態(tài)。例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國。
c. 構成疑問句。例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here? 你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用，構成否定句。例如：
I don′t like him. 我不喜歡他。
e. 加強語氣。例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會。
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事。
3) 最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。
3 助動詞be的用法
1) be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構成進行時態(tài)。例如：
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開會。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語現(xiàn)在越來越重要。(北京安通學校提供)
2) be + 過去分詞，構成被動語態(tài)。例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
高二英語必修書的語法知識點總結3
一、過去分詞
過去分詞兼有動詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。過去分詞和賓語或狀語一起構成過去分詞短語。它在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語或狀語。這節(jié)課講解作定語、表語的用法。
1. 作定語
作定語的過去分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表語
過去分詞作表語,多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
過去分詞作表語，相當于形容詞，常見的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
過去分詞作表語時，應注意與被動結構的區(qū)別。系表結構說明主語的狀態(tài)或具有的性質、特點;被動結構強調謂語動作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(狀態(tài))
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(動作)
I'm interested in chess.(狀態(tài))
3. 過去分詞做狀語
①表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來強調時間概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
②表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
③表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用 if 等詞
Heated, water changes into steam.
Given another chance, he will do better.
④表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
⑤表伴隨，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
倒裝句：
一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。
Then came the chairman. _來了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
二、否定詞置于句首，句子應進行倒裝。 neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不會游泳，我也不會。
用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開頭的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是誰。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上學遲到。
用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我剛到車站,火車就離開了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她剛離開,電話就響了。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來，他才完成作業(yè)。
三、用于 only 放句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子。
Only in this way can you master English well. 只有這種方法，你才能學好英語。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪個時間，他才做作業(yè)。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.
省略句：
一、省略的目的
省略多見于非正式文體，尤其在對話中，省略是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象。英語中的省略一般說來有三個目的：
1.避免重復，減少累贅。省略的主要目的是避免重復，去掉不必要的累贅和繁瑣。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.
(省掉最后九個詞，句子簡潔了許多)
2.連接緊密，結構緊湊 省略也是使上下文緊密連接的一種修辭手段。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子結構顯得比較緊湊)
3.強調重點，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略謂語 speaks，突出了 too loud)
二、句子成分的省略
為了避免重復，或者為了使某一內(nèi)容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。
1.省略主語
Beg your pardon.請你原諒。(= I beg your pardon.))
Serves you right. 你活該(= It serves you right.)
2.省略謂語
Anything the matter? 要緊嗎?(= Is anything the matter?)
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)
3.省略表語
Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表語 ready)
4.省略賓語
We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了賓語 problems)
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes)
5.省略定語
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest 后面省略了定語 of the money)
6.省略狀語
(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.
省略在句子中的應用
在一個句子中，省略可分為依賴上下文省略和不依賴上下文省略兩種。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
1.簡單句中的省略
依賴上下文的省略在對話中最為常用。
Like more beer?(= Would you like more beer?)
—World you mind if I used your telephone?
—Not at all. 一點也不。
(= I do not mind at all.)
—Will he pass this examination?
Probably. 大概會的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)
不依賴于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 請上船(= All go aboard.省略謂語)
Haven't seen you for ages!(省略主語 I)
What about having a game of chess?
Sounds like a good idea.
2.并列句中的省略
(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主語)
Everybody appears well prepared.
(= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重復。通常被省略的可以是主語、謂語、賓語或其他萬分，或句子萬分的一部分。
省略出現(xiàn)在后一分句
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主語)
省略出現(xiàn)在前一分句
We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match.
我們能夠，而且一定會在明天的比賽中獲勝。(前一分句省略謂語 + 賓語)
前后兩個分句都出現(xiàn)省略
They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.
復合句中的省略
在主從復合句中，活力的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的。
省略主句的句首部分。(I'm)Sorry I couldn't go.
省略整個主句或主句的一部分(回答問題時常用)。
(It is a)Pity he's failed.
If he says he'll come, he will(come).
3.在一些狀語從句中，如果謂語動詞是 be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或者主語是 it，常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和 be 省略掉。
以 when, while, once, until 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句。
When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
4.在比較從句中通常把和主句重復的部分省掉。
省略謂語的全部
James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.
Tom has as many books as Jack.
省略主語和謂語的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks)省略表語部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks.(looks 后省略了 young)
省略主語和謂語的大部分，保留狀語
He is working harder than before.(than 后省略了 he worked hard)
省略主語
He drank a little more than was good for him.(than 后省略了 it)省略賓語
You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了that you should spend)
省略從句的全部
You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before)
主句和從句中可同時省略一些成分。
The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).
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