2022高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)是必不可少的內(nèi)容，因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法可以幫助我們理解句子的含義，可是語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)是很枯燥的，所以常常不被學(xué)生所接受。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
冠詞
高考對(duì)冠詞的考查集中在基本用法上，主要既反映在對(duì)泛指、特指及固定短語(yǔ) 冠詞的考查。抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞的具體化依然是高考的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)。
一、不定冠詞
不定冠詞a，an與one同源，表示微弱的一的概念，但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目，用來(lái)表示不確定的人或事物。
A用在輔音前，而不是輔音字母前;an用在元音前，而不是元音字母前。
a university in Asia
1.表示同類(lèi)中的任何一個(gè)
A cat has nine lives.
2.表示泛指的某人、某物
I know a John Lennon，but not the famous one.
3.表示數(shù)量的一 He has a daughter.
4. 表示單位數(shù)量的每一 I earn 10 dollars an hour.
5.表示相同的
The two birds are of a color.
6. 用于集體名詞前
He grows up in a large family.
7. 在某種情況下可用于抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前 China has a long history.
二、定冠詞的用法
1.表示特定的人或物
2.表示地球、宇宙中獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物
主要指各種天體及世界上比較有影響的物體。 The sun，the moon，the earth
3.表示地點(diǎn)、方向、時(shí)間、方式等 at the corner 在拐角處
1) 在表示季節(jié)的名詞前常不用冠詞。 In spring 在春天
2) 具體某年的某個(gè)季節(jié)，需用冠詞。 In the summer of the year2008
3)用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級(jí)前 the first the second
4)用于形容詞前使其名詞化 the rich the poor
5)用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏前，表示―夫婦‖或全家 The Smiths
6)用于樂(lè)器名詞前 Play the piano
7)用于by+the+計(jì)量單位名詞 By the pound
1. 用于復(fù)數(shù)名詞前
復(fù)數(shù)名詞泛指某類(lèi)人或物時(shí)，其前通常用零冠詞。 Students should obey the school rules. 學(xué)生應(yīng)該遵守校規(guī)。 復(fù)數(shù)名詞若需特指，則要加定冠詞。 The students are too lazy. 這些學(xué)生太懶。
2. 用于不可數(shù)名詞前
不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí)，其前通常用零冠詞。如： Bread is made from flour. 面包是用面粉做的。
Wood is a poor conductor of sound. 木頭是聲音的不良導(dǎo)體。 不可數(shù)名詞若需特指，則要加定冠詞。
He sawed the wood into three pieces. 他把木頭鋸成三塊。
3.用于專(zhuān)有名詞前
在通常情況下，專(zhuān)有名詞前要用零冠詞。如：
Mr Smith is our English teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我們英語(yǔ)。 在特殊情況下，若專(zhuān)有名詞需要特指，也可加定冠詞。如： The Smith you‘re looking for no longer lives here.
4. 用于抽象化的可數(shù)名詞前
有些可數(shù)名詞抽象化后表示表示的活動(dòng)，其前通常零冠詞。 Jim has gone to bed. 吉姆已上床睡覺(jué)了。
She goes to church every Sunday. 她每周星期天都去做禮拜。
這類(lèi)主要涉及bed, church, class, college, school, university, work, hospital, prison, market, sea, town等。另外，這類(lèi)名詞前用不用冠詞有時(shí)與英美英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣有關(guān)。如：―住院‖在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中通常說(shuō)成 in hospital，而在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中則通常說(shuō)成in the hospital;類(lèi)似的還有g(shù)o to university (英)上大學(xué) / go to the university (美)上大學(xué);at table (英)在吃飯 / at the table (美)在吃飯。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：
主語(yǔ) + 助動(dòng)詞have(has) + 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞
否定句：have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t
一般疑問(wèn)句：have/has提前
2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法：
(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)結(jié)果或影響，常與yet，already，just，before，lately等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
—Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃過(guò)午飯了嗎?
—Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的，我剛吃過(guò)。(現(xiàn)在我不餓了。)
I have already posted the photos. 我已經(jīng)寄過(guò)這些照片了。(這些照片已不在我這里了。)
have(has) gone to，have(has) been to和have(has) been in的區(qū)別
1. have (has) gone to表示"已經(jīng)去某地了"，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。
She has gone to Shanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)
2. have (has) been to表示"曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地"，不能與for+一段時(shí)間連用。
She has been to Shanghai three times.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說(shuō)明她曾經(jīng)去過(guò)。)
3. have (has) been in/at表示"一直待在某地"，常與時(shí)間段搭配，指待了很久。
(2)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞)。
I haven’t seen her these days. 近來(lái)我一直沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)李雷已經(jīng)三年了。
They have lived here since 1996. 他們自從1996年就住在這兒。
She has taught us since I came to this school. 自從我來(lái)這所學(xué)校，她就教我。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)多與下列時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：
(1)用于"過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果"的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：
(2)用于"過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在"的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：
for + 時(shí)間段 for two years
since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn) since 2008 since then since he came here
so far 目前;迄今為止
up to now=till now=by now 到現(xiàn)在為止;直到現(xiàn)在
all the time 總是;一直
recently/lately 最近
these days 近幾天
by the end of...到……末/結(jié)束 by the end of this month/year 到本月/年末
during /over the last (past) few years 在過(guò)去的幾年中
in the last /past days/ months/ years 在過(guò)去的幾個(gè)天/月/年中
(3)在條件、時(shí)間、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)以前已完成的動(dòng)作。
I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.
I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.
(4)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1.shall用于第一人稱(chēng)，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱(chēng)，在征求意見(jiàn)時(shí)常用于第二人稱(chēng)。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎?
2. be going to +不定式，表示將來(lái)。
a. 主語(yǔ)的意圖，即將做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開(kāi)播。
c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。
3.be +不定式表將來(lái)，按計(jì)劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。
4.be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。
注意：be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
5.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。
a. 下列動(dòng)詞come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車(chē)明天上午六點(diǎn)開(kāi)。
—When does the bus star? 汽車(chē)什么時(shí)候開(kāi)?
—It stars in ten minutes. 十分鐘后。
b. 以here，there等開(kāi)始的倒裝句，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車(chē)來(lái)了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。
c. 在時(shí)間或條件句中。
When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比爾來(lái)后，讓他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫(xiě)信給你。
d. 在動(dòng)詞hope，take care that，make sure that等的賓語(yǔ)從句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開(kāi)心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開(kāi)房間前，務(wù)必把窗戶(hù)關(guān)了。
6.用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
下列動(dòng)詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)。
I’m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你會(huì)在這兒待到下周嗎?
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
形容詞、副詞的基本用法
1.形容詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表達(dá)動(dòng)作的方式。After the long journey，the three of them went back home，hungry and tired.經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間旅行后，他們?nèi)齻€(gè)回到家，又餓又累。2.有些副詞還可以作連詞，作副詞時(shí)常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等He is old. He works hard，though.=Though he is old，he works hard.雖然他年事已高，但他工作還是很努力。3.有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸運(yùn)的是，他沒(méi)被淹死，被解放軍給救了。Happily for her，her stepmother was kind to her.高興的是，她的繼母對(duì)她很好。4.can not/never 與enough 或too連用表示：無(wú)論怎樣都不過(guò)分;越……越好。—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.——我正在大街上獨(dú)自一人騎自行車(chē)，突然一輛小汽車(chē)強(qiáng)行超車(chē)把我撞倒了。—You can never be too careful in the street.— —在大街上你越小心越好。
形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)
1."as+形容詞+(a/an)+名詞+as"表示同級(jí)比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時(shí)各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.人們普遍認(rèn)為，教學(xué)是一門(mén)科學(xué)，同時(shí)也是一門(mén)藝術(shù)。2."as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as"與"not as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as"表示同級(jí)比較，即兩個(gè)或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同(不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.這項(xiàng)工作不是像你想像的那么難。3."the+比較級(jí)+of the two +名詞"表示"兩者中較……的那個(gè)"。The taller of the two boys is my brother.兩個(gè)男孩中較高的那位是我哥哥。4.a+形容詞比較級(jí)+n.……After two years’ research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.研究?jī)赡曛螅F(xiàn)在我們對(duì)這種病有更好的理解。We went to the USA in search of a better life.為了尋找更美好的生活我們?nèi)チ嗣绹?guó)。5.比較級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。The students study even harder than before.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)比以前更努力了。A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.汽車(chē)比自行車(chē)跑得快得多。6.最高級(jí)(1)最高級(jí)的修飾語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：序數(shù)詞，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.目前正在建的那座橋是橫跨黃河之上的橋當(dāng)中最長(zhǎng)的橋。I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.我想買(mǎi)僅次于最貴的照相機(jī)。(2)否定詞+比較級(jí)=最高級(jí)。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.為朋友而放棄生命的人的愛(ài)是最偉大的愛(ài)?！狝re you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?——你對(duì)他在會(huì)議上說(shuō)的滿(mǎn)意嗎?—No. It couldn’t have been worse.——不，不能再差了。
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
1、學(xué)校生活及學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)
Be getting on well with one’s study某人的學(xué)習(xí)越來(lái)越好take several courses at school在學(xué)校學(xué)若干門(mén)課程have English (Chinese, Physics…) every (other )day work hard at …put one’s heart into…專(zhuān)心于;致力于be interested in …be fond oflike chemistry bestbe good at …; be poor at …; do well in …; be weak in …make progress in …; fail in …’ be tired of …’pass the examination; give sb. a passing grade;major in history 主修歷史He has the best record in school. 他的成績(jī)最棒。get a doctor’s degree 獲得博士學(xué)位be more interesting to sb.learn about; succeed in…; be active in class (work);take an active part in …; learn… by heart;work out a (maths) problem; improve oneself in …;get 90 marks for (English); get an “A” in the exam;have a good command of…lay a good foundation in (language study)
2、師生關(guān)系get on well with sb; like to be with students;
be gentle with us; be kind to sb;
be a strict teacher; be strict with one’s pupils;be strict in work
We think of him (her) as …; help sb with sth;praise sb for sth …; blame sb for sth..give advice on …; question sb on …be satisfied with …correct the students’ homework carefully and prepare for the next day; give sb a lot of work;try to teach sb good study habits; make one’s lessons lively and interesting; teach sb. sth.;teach sb to do sth.devote all one’s time to work;admire (sb.for) his devotion to the cause of education佩服他對(duì)于教育事業(yè)的獻(xiàn)身精神。
3、課余活動(dòng)及周末生活spend one’s time in many different ways;enjoy doing things by oneself; go swimming;go for an outing; have an outing at (the seashore);see the sights of Beijing; play the piano (violin);play chess (basketball); have a swim;have dances on weekends; have a picnic over the weekend;go to the cinema; have a party; hold a sports meeting;do some reading; help sb do sth; enjoy a family trip;get everything ready for;ride one’s bike with sb.to(the park);There are a lot of activities at (the beach).We enjoy a change from our busy life in the city.She would like to bring sth. to the picnic.It was a very relaxing Sunday.There are good programmes on TV on weekends.
4、彼此溝通信息take a message for sb; send a message to sb;hear from sb; talk about/of sth; tell sb to do sth;get information about…;express one’s idea (feelings) in English用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)一個(gè)人的思想(感情);Write sb a letter saying…給某人寫(xiě)信說(shuō)... ， apologize to sb for…thank you for …; make a speech t at the meeting;explain sth to s; look upon sb as …; think sb to be …;take sb’s side
5、事件中人的態(tài)度would like to do; allow sb to do;keep sb from doing (prevent sb. from doing);call on sb to do; be afraid to do (be afraid of …);fee like doing; insist on doing; drive sb. off;speak highly of sb; speak ill of sb; think highly of sb;force sb to do; offer to do; refuse to do; agree to do;regret doing;prefer to do A rather than do B; had better do;would rather (not) do.
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