高三英語補(bǔ)課知識(shí)點(diǎn)
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高三英語補(bǔ)課知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
1. opccupation n. 居住、占用;職業(yè)
occupational adj 與職業(yè)有關(guān)的
occupier n. 居住者, 房客, 占領(lǐng)者
occupy vt. 占, 占用, 占領(lǐng), 占據(jù)
2.Reporter n. 記者, 新聞通訊員
=journalist n. 新聞?dòng)浾? 從事新聞雜志業(yè)的人
3.Profession n. 職業(yè), 專業(yè),
professional adj. 專業(yè)的、職業(yè)的/ n.專業(yè)人員
習(xí)慣用語：allied health professional 保健輔助人員
4.Photograph n. 照片/ vt. 給......照相
Photographer n. 攝影師
5. Eager adj. 渴望的;熱切的
eagerness n. 熱心
6. concentrate v. 集中;聚集
concentration n. 集中;集合
concentration camp n. 集中營(yíng)
concentrate on 集中;全神貫注于
例句：1)How can you concentrate on your work with so much noise going on?
你怎能在這樣吵的環(huán)境下集中精神工作呢?
2)I tried to concentrate my thoughts on the probkem.
我努力讓自己的思緒集中在這個(gè)問題上面。
=Attentively 注意地, 留意地
= pay attention to 注意
7.Course n. 過程, 經(jīng)過, 進(jìn)程, 方針, 路線, 跑道, 課程, 一道菜
a course in/on sth 課程
a course of sth 療程
8.Acquire vt. 獲得;取得;學(xué)到
acquisition n. 獲得;獲得物
9.Meanwhile n. 其間, 其時(shí)=meantime10. accuse vt. 控告, 譴責(zé),
accuse ... of ... 因某事指責(zé)或控告某人
例句：1)I accused her of cheating. 我指責(zé)她作弊。
2)He was accused of murder and sent for trial. 他被控告謀殺并已送交審判。
Accusation n. 指責(zé);控告;譴責(zé)
11. deliberately adv. 故意地
= on purpose
12. so as to(do sth) 為了做某事/以便作某事
=in order to do sth
例句：We went early so as to get good seats. 我們提早去了，以便占到好位置。
13. bribe vt. 向...行賄/n. 賄賂
bribery n. 行賄, 受賄, 賄賂
14. guilty adj. 犯罪的, 有罪的, 心虛的
guilt n. 罪行, 內(nèi)疚
15.imaginative adj. 想象的, 虛構(gòu)的
image n. 圖象, 肖像, 偶像, 形象化的比喻, 極為相象, 映像, 典型
imagine vt. 想象, 設(shè)想
16. technical adj. 技術(shù)的, 技術(shù)上的, 技巧方面的
technic n. 技術(shù), 手法
technica n. 技術(shù)性細(xì)節(jié),技術(shù),技巧,技能
technically adv. 技術(shù)上, 學(xué)術(shù)上, 工藝上
17. defend vt. 防護(hù), 辯護(hù), 防衛(wèi),
defence n. 防衛(wèi), 防衛(wèi)設(shè)備
defend against防衛(wèi)...以免于
18. crime n. 犯罪, 犯罪行為, 罪行, 罪惡
criminal n. 罪犯, 犯罪者/adj. 犯罪的, 犯法的, 罪惡的
criminally adv. 刑法上, 犯了罪地
19. edition n. 版本, 版
edit vt. 編輯, 校訂, 剪輯/n. 編輯工作
editor n. 編輯, 編輯器, 編者
20.employ vt. 雇用, 用, 使用
employer n. 雇主, 老板
employee n. 職工, 雇員, 店員
employment n. 雇用, 使用, 利用, 工作, 職業(yè)
21. polish vt. 擦亮, 發(fā)亮, 磨光, 推敲
Polish adj. 波蘭(Poland)的
22.chief n. 首領(lǐng), 領(lǐng)袖, 酋長(zhǎng), 長(zhǎng)官,/adj. 主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的
Chief Executive Officer 執(zhí)行總裁，首席執(zhí)行官
23. intention n. 意圖, 目的
intent n. 意圖, 目的, 意向/adj. 專心的, 決心的, 熱心的
intentional adj. 有意圖的, 故意的
高三英語補(bǔ)課知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
一、就近一致原則
1.由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
2.here/there引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近原則，謂語動(dòng)詞要與離它最近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。
Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.
二、意義一致原則
1.謂語動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù)的情況
(1)表示學(xué)科的名詞以及works(工廠)，news(消息)等作主語時(shí)，雖然本身為復(fù)數(shù)形式，但表示單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。
Politics is his favorite subject.
(2)表示某些組織機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞、書/報(bào)名、國(guó)名、地名等作主語時(shí)，雖然形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但所表示的意義是單數(shù)，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Do you know when the United Nations was set up?
2.謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
表示總稱意義的名詞，如people，police，public，cattle等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The police are searching for the murderer.
3.謂語動(dòng)詞的形式依據(jù)主語表示的意義而定
(1)集體名詞，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)其在語境中表示的意義而定。當(dāng)其表示集體意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);當(dāng)其表示集體中各個(gè)組成部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.
(2)“the+形容詞/分詞”表示“一類人”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The poor were looked down upon in the old days.
三、語法一致原則
1.由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語
(1)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+名詞單數(shù)”表示一個(gè)人(雙重身份)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.
(2)“a/the+名詞單數(shù)+and+a/the+名詞單數(shù)”表示兩個(gè)人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The teacher and the poet have just arrived.
(3)“every+名詞單數(shù)+and+every+名詞單數(shù)”表示每一個(gè)人，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.
(4)通常由兩個(gè)部件組成的物品如：a knife and fork (一副刀叉)等作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Bread and butter is not to his taste.
2.表示時(shí)間、數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度及價(jià)格的名詞，盡管有時(shí)是復(fù)數(shù)形式但常被看作是一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Is fifty pounds enough?
3.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)of后的名詞的形式來定，如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
Two-thirds of the books are about science.
Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.
高三英語補(bǔ)課知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
英語中過去分詞可作賓補(bǔ)，(此時(shí)的過去分詞一般是及物動(dòng)詞)表被動(dòng)意義或完成意義，有時(shí)兩者兼而有之。做賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞與賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。如：
She found the door broken in when she came back.(賓補(bǔ)與賓語有被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，表一種狀態(tài)。)
一. 過去分詞用在表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面。
Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(諺語：少說多看)
Don't leave such an important thing undone.
Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.
二.過分詞用在get,have,make, 的后面。
1.注意“have +賓語+過去分詞”的兩種情況：
A)表"讓某人做某事/讓某事(被人)做"
eg: I have had my bike repaired.
The villagers had many trees planted just then.
B)表"遭遇到某種不幸，受到打擊/受....影響，蒙受..... 損失"
Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.
The old man had his leg broken in the accident.
He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)
2."make+賓語+過去分詞",在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞的動(dòng)詞必須是表示結(jié)果含義的。如：
They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
三、過去分詞用在感觀動(dòng)詞watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如
When we got to school,we saw the door locked.
We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.
He felt himself cheated.
The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)
四、過去分詞用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”這一類動(dòng)詞后面做賓補(bǔ)。如
The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.
I would like my house painted white.
I want the suit made to his own measure.
I wish the problem settled.
五、過去分詞用在“with +賓語+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞與賓語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：
The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.
With everything well arranged,he left the office.
六、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、和不定式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。
現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是主謂關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)：賓語和補(bǔ)語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)作。
不定式作賓補(bǔ)： 表一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作、或表一個(gè)很短時(shí)間內(nèi)看到、聽到或感覺到的具體動(dòng)作。
eg:He didn't notice me waiting.
I heard the song sung in English.
I saw him opening the window.
I saw the window opened.
I saw him open the window.
I heard her sing the song in English.
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