高三沖刺英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全
高中生活剩下一年時(shí)光，如果現(xiàn)在的你還不放下你的手機(jī)好好學(xué)習(xí)的話(huà)，你將沒(méi)有什么選擇人生的道路，等待的只是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。接下來(lái)是小編為大家整理的高三沖刺英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望大家喜歡!
高三沖刺英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)
難點(diǎn)形成原因：
1.不清楚用法。
2.未注意與它搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
解決辦法：
1.徹底理解過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)基本用法。
2.注意與它搭配的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
用法講解：
一、 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
(一)構(gòu)成：過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是由"had been +現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個(gè)消息有一段時(shí)間了吧?
(二)用法:
1. 表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前一直進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前開(kāi)始，一直延續(xù)到這一過(guò)去時(shí)間。和過(guò)去完成時(shí)一樣，過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也必須以一過(guò)去時(shí)間為前提。過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài), 上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過(guò)去的時(shí)間。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車(chē)就來(lái)了。
2. 表示反復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過(guò)去多次向我提到過(guò)你的名字。
3. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還常用于間接引語(yǔ)中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問(wèn)他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問(wèn)他們那些天呆在哪兒。
4. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進(jìn)來(lái)了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她溫習(xí)功課才一會(huì)兒，她妹妹就打斷她了。
(三)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的比較:
She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
她已經(jīng)打掃過(guò)辦公室了，所以很整潔。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果)
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打掃辦公室，所以我們不得不在外面等著。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行)
二、將來(lái)完成時(shí)
(一)構(gòu)成：will/shall have +過(guò)去分詞
We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.
我們希望在出發(fā)去野餐以前雨就已經(jīng)停了。
I'll have done all the work by the time you are back this evening.
你們今晚回來(lái)的時(shí)候我就將做完所有的工作了。
(二)用法：
1. 表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻將完成或在另一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
注意：常與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：
① by (the time / the end of ) + 表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)和句子;
② before (the end of ) + 表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)或句子;
③ when, after等加上表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的句子等。 例如：
By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.
到2050年，科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)找到治愈癌癥的方法了。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.
等你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，我們將已經(jīng)在歐洲呆了兩星期了。
2. 在時(shí)間從句和條件從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作。例如：
You'll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.
在學(xué)習(xí)這個(gè)學(xué)科一段時(shí)間之后，你就會(huì)喜歡它的。
I'll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.
我一做完作業(yè)就去看展覽。
3. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)還可以表示"可能性"，或"設(shè)想"。例如：
It's five o'clock;they will have arrived home by now.
已經(jīng)五點(diǎn)鐘了，他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了。
(三)將來(lái)完成時(shí)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)的比較：
有具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。如：
Mr Smith will return home on the first Sunday next month. 史密斯先生將于下月的第一個(gè)星期日回家。
將來(lái)完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般用介詞by引入，如：
Mr Smith will have returned home by next month. 到下個(gè)月史密斯先生將已回到家了。
高三英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全
英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)：分詞作狀語(yǔ)
難點(diǎn)形成原因:
1. 對(duì)在句中作時(shí)間、條件、原因還是別的狀語(yǔ)不是很清楚。
2.分不清何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。
解決辦法：
1.理解分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。
2.分清何時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞、何時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞。
用法講解：
1. 分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、讓步、條件，方式或伴隨狀況。通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句;表示方式或伴隨狀況時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成并列句或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Put into use in April 2000 (=When it was put into use in April 2000), the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. 分詞短語(yǔ)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network (=Because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network), Alice was in low spirits. 分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)
Given time (=If he is given time), he’ll make a fist-class tennis player. 分詞短語(yǔ)作條件狀語(yǔ)
We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, thinking that all children like these things. (= and think that all children like these things.) 分詞短語(yǔ)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)
2. 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，分詞前可帶when, while, if, though, as if, unless等連詞一起作狀語(yǔ)，以便使句子的意思更清楚、更連貫。例如：
When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
Though tired, he still continued reading.
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的用法比較。
不管是現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)一致。分詞作狀語(yǔ)通?？赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句或并列句，如果狀語(yǔ)分句或并列句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用過(guò)去分詞;如果狀語(yǔ)分句或并列句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，就用現(xiàn)在分詞。例如：
When compared with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
分詞部分相當(dāng)于When the biggest ocean is compared with the size of the whole earth, 主語(yǔ)與分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞。
When comparing it with the size of the whole earth, we find that the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
When we compare it with the size of the whole earth... 主語(yǔ)與分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系, 所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。
Faced with a bill for,000(=Because he is faced with a bill for,000), John has taken an extra job.
Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always saying the same thing (= and he would say the same thing).
注意：
1. 現(xiàn)在分詞有兩種時(shí)態(tài)：一般式doing和完成式having done。一般式通常表示與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或無(wú)先后;完成式則強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞所表示的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作。如：
While walking in the street, we met some friends of ours.(同時(shí)發(fā)生)
Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (“等待”先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“意識(shí)到”)
2. 分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成: not +分詞。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again.
高三沖刺英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)：常見(jiàn)帶介詞的to短語(yǔ)歸納
be / get / become used to 習(xí)慣于
be given to 喜歡;癖好
be related to 與…有關(guān)系
be addicted to 沉溺于;對(duì)…上癮
be opposed to 反對(duì)
devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于;專(zhuān)心于
be devoted to 致力于;忠誠(chéng)于
be admitted to 被…錄取;準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入
be reduced to 淪為
reduce…to…使…淪為
be attached to附屬于;喜歡;依戀
be adjusted to 適應(yīng)
be known to 為…所知
be married to 和…結(jié)婚
be sentenced to被判處
be connected to 和…連在一起
be exposed to 暴露于;遭受
be compared to 被比喻成
compare… to…把…比作…
be engaged to 與…訂婚
be / become / get accustomed to // accustomed to 慣于;有…習(xí)慣
be engaged to 與…訂婚
get down to 著手做
lead to 導(dǎo)致
object to反對(duì);不喜歡;不贊成
put one’s mind to全神貫注于
give rise to 引起
look forward to 盼望
stick to 堅(jiān)持
pay attention to 注意
attend to 專(zhuān)心;注意;照料
see to 負(fù)責(zé);注意
contribute to對(duì)…作貢獻(xiàn);有助于
make contributions to對(duì)…作貢獻(xiàn)
apply oneself to 致力于
come close to幾乎;將近
reply to 回答
add to 增加
add up to 加起來(lái)
in addition to除…之外
turn to轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于
feel up to 能勝任于
look up to 尊敬
admit to承認(rèn)
belong to 屬于
take to 喜愛(ài);開(kāi)始
cling to 附著
fall to 開(kāi)始
respond to 回答;對(duì)…作出回應(yīng)
accustom oneself to 使自己習(xí)慣于
amount to等于
prefer… to…更喜歡
set an example to 給…樹(shù)立榜樣
refer to 談到;參考;查閱
agree to sth. 同意某事(比較：agree to do sth. 同意做某事)
prefer… to…更喜歡
take / make a trip to到…地方去
join…to…把…和 …連接起來(lái)
turn a blind eye to對(duì)…視而不見(jiàn)
turn a deaf ear to 對(duì)…充耳不聞
show honor to向…表示敬意
put an end to(bring… to an end) 結(jié)束
set fire to 放火燒……
drink (a toast) to 為……干杯
propose a toast to 提議……
happen to… 發(fā)生了……事
occur to sb. 想起;想到
total up to 總計(jì)達(dá)
be close to 幾乎;將近
hold to 堅(jiān)持;抓住
help oneself to 隨便用……
hold on to 抓住;固守
do harm to 對(duì)……有害處
do wrong to 冤枉某人
date back to 追溯到
when it comes to… 談到……時(shí)
come to 來(lái)到;達(dá)到;結(jié)果為 (比較：come to do sth逐漸做某事)
give an eye to著眼于
have an eye to doing 打算
the key to ……的答案
describe to 向……描述
treat sb. to sth. 請(qǐng)某人吃……
trust sth. to sb.把某物委托給某人
pay a visit to 參觀……
access to 進(jìn)入;取得的方法
be a stranger to 不習(xí)慣;對(duì)……陌生
on one’s way to 在去某處的路上;在達(dá)成某事的過(guò)程中
be kind to 對(duì)……和善
be important to 對(duì)……重要
be senior to 年齡長(zhǎng)于……
be equal to 和……相等
be particular to ……所特有的(比較：be particular about 對(duì)……過(guò)于講究;挑剔)
be subject to 服從;隸屬;易遭受患
be familiar to 為 ……熟悉
be similar to 和……相似
be open to 對(duì)……開(kāi)放
be loyal to 對(duì)……忠誠(chéng)
be helpful to對(duì)……有益處
be useful to對(duì)……有用
be good to sb對(duì)某人好(比較：be good for 對(duì)……有益處)
be bad to 對(duì)……不好
be bad for(比較：對(duì)……有害處)
be new to 對(duì)……不習(xí)慣;對(duì)……陌生
as to 關(guān)于;至于
next to(否定詞前)幾乎;
be due to do sth.預(yù)定要做某事
next to ……的旁邊
due to 由于;歸因于……
thanks to 多虧了;由于
owing to 由于;因……的緣故
in / with regard to 關(guān)于
in /with relation to 關(guān)于;就……而論
subject to 在……條件下;依照
be given to 沉溺于
be related to 與…相關(guān)
get down to著手做
lead to 著手做
object to / be opposed to 反對(duì)
put one’s mind to全神貫注于
be equal to 勝任
devote oneself to獻(xiàn)身于
give rise to 引起
look forward to 盼望
pay attention to 注意
lead to通向 see to 負(fù)責(zé)
access to 接近(某地的)方法
be addicted to 沉溺于… 對(duì)…上癮
according to 根據(jù)
contribute to 為…作貢獻(xiàn)
如：
1. access to 接近,進(jìn)入(某地的)方法; 通路
The only access to that building is along that muddy track.
到那棟建筑的唯一通路是沿著那條泥濘的路走。
2. according to 按照,依照,視……而定
The work was done according to his instructions.
那工作是依照他的指示做的。
3. be addicted to 沉溺于……,對(duì)……上癮
He became addicted to the drug.
他上了毒癮。
4. belong to 屬于
This dictionary belongs to me.
這本詞典是我的。
5. contribute to 為……做貢獻(xiàn),為……撰稿
Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford to society.
人人都應(yīng)該盡自己的能力為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)。
6. devote to 獻(xiàn)身，致力于……
He has devoted his life to helping disabled people.
他一生獻(xiàn)身于幫助殘疾人。
7. due to 因?yàn)?由于……而起
His lateness was due to the very heavy traffic on the motorway.
他遲到是因高速公路上車(chē)輛過(guò)多所致。
8. be equal to 與……相當(dāng),有能力勝任……的
Bill is quite equal to running the office.
比爾的能力足以管理這個(gè)部門(mén)。
9. get close to 靠近,接近
Today many people like to go out to get close to nature.
如今許多人喜歡到戶(hù)外去接近大自然。
10. get down to 開(kāi)始做某事,認(rèn)真處理某事
It’s time I got down to some serious work.
我該認(rèn)真干點(diǎn)正事了。
11. hold to 忠于……,堅(jiān)持,遵循
Whatever your argument, I shall hold to my decision.
不管你怎樣爭(zhēng)辯,我將堅(jiān)持我的決定。
12. help oneself to 自取,自用(食物,飲料等)
Help yourself to a cigarette.
請(qǐng)隨便用香煙吧。
13. look forward to 盼望,期待
We are so much looking forward to seeing you again.
我們非常盼望再見(jiàn)到你。
14. lead to 導(dǎo)致
This misprint led to great confusion.
這個(gè)印刷錯(cuò)誤造成很大的混淆。
15. prefer…to…兩者間更喜歡……
I prefer walking to cycling.
我愿意步行,不愿意騎自行車(chē)。
16. pay attention to 注意
Pay attention to what the teacher is talking about!
注意老師說(shuō)的話(huà)!
17. refer to 提到,涉及到,關(guān)系到,參考,查閱
What I have to say refers to all of you.
我要說(shuō)的事和你們大家都有關(guān)。
18. relate to 與……有關(guān),涉及……
Wealth is seldom related to happiness.
財(cái)富鮮于幸福有關(guān)。
19. see to 照看或處理某事物
Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting?
你來(lái)處理下次委員會(huì)會(huì)議安排,好嗎?
20.stick to 堅(jiān)持,不改變或不放棄
We don’t want to hear your opinions; stick to the facts!
我們不想聽(tīng)你的想法,只講事實(shí)!
21.turn to 轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于,轉(zhuǎn)而做
The more depressed he got, the more he turned to drink.
他情緒越低落越是借酒澆愁。
22.used to 習(xí)慣于……,適應(yīng)……
She is quite used to working hard.
她很習(xí)慣做艱苦的工作。
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