高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
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高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
一. 表示許可：有may, might, can, could。其中might. could則語(yǔ)氣較委婉，但回答由他們引起的問(wèn)句時(shí)，則不用might, could而用can。
1) May \ Might \ Can \ Could I keep the book for a few days? Yes, you can.
否定形式可用may not, can not或must not，不用might not。
2)Visitors may not (或can not/mustn't) touch the button.
二、表示能力：can; be able to. be able to用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中，若指“能夠并且通過(guò)某種努力完成某樁事”，我們必須用be able to。
1) Cats can\ are able to climb trees very quickly.
2) A big fire broke out last night, but everyone was able to escape from the house.
三、表示“責(zé)任和義務(wù)”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有must(主觀),have to(客觀), mustn’t 表示“不可以、不允許”，而have to否定形式：not have to/ needn't。
1) As there was no bus, we had to walk back home. (客觀條件)
2) You mustn't shout like that to your parents. (不可以、不允許)
3) You don't have to\ needn’t work if you don't feel well.
四、用于推測(cè)：must, may, might, can, could . 但疑問(wèn)句中只能用can, could.
1) He looks pale. He__________ be ill.
2) ---Who _____it be? It _____(not) be Mr. Smith, for he has just left for Paris.
---It ________be Mr. Brown, for he has something to discuss with me.
3) He said he didn't feel very well. He _____(not) come to the meeting this evening.
(1.must 2. can, can’t, must 3. may\might not)
▲注意: 表推測(cè)時(shí) must, should (ought to) , may, could , might 可能性依次遞減。should, ought to “應(yīng)該…”較多地用于預(yù)測(cè)將來(lái)的事。can表示理論上的可能性，用于泛指.may, could, might表示事實(shí)上的可能性，用于特指具體的，可能將要發(fā)生的事。
1) He should be back by now. 他現(xiàn)在該回來(lái)了。
2) The teacher has explained it several times. There ought to be no problem for them.
4) A dog can be dangerous to you 狗可能給人帶來(lái)危險(xiǎn)。(有這種可能性)
This dog is very clever. It may (或might/could) help you find your key.
這條狗非常聰明，他可能會(huì)幫助你找到鑰匙。指具體的事有可能發(fā)生。
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
“非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”可分為動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞.它在句子中的作用很多：除了不作謂語(yǔ)外,它可以充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)與復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)).有些及物動(dòng)詞后面接不帶to的不定式作復(fù)合賓語(yǔ).這些動(dòng)詞歸納如下：一感(feel).二聽(tīng)(hear,listen to),三讓(have,1et, make),四看(see,watCh,notice,observe).再加上help somebody(to)do something和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)look at somebody do somthing.還有“二讓”屬特殊：get somebody to do something 與keep somebody doing.而有些及物動(dòng)詞后面接動(dòng)名詞(the -ing form)作賓語(yǔ).這些動(dòng)詞歸納為一句話：Papa C makes friends.這是由如下動(dòng)詞的開(kāi)頭字母組成：permit,advise, practise,avoid,consider,mind, allow,keep,enjoy,suggest, finish,risk,imagine,escape,need,delay,stand(忍受). 為了容易記住,也可以編成順口溜：“允許完成練習(xí),建議避免冒險(xiǎn),考慮延期逃跑,喜歡保持想象,需要反對(duì)忍受”.其相對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞依次是：permit/allow,finish,practise;
advise/suggest, avoid,risk： consider, delay, escape/miss; enjoy/appreciate, keep, imagine; need/want/require,mind. can't help/can’t stand.
二、復(fù)合句
1、學(xué)生最容易混淆的是定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別.
例如：A、The news that our team has won the match is true. (同位語(yǔ)從句)
B、The news that he told us surprised everybody here. (定語(yǔ)從句)
關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別在于連接或關(guān)系代詞that：有意義的是定語(yǔ), 無(wú)意義的是同位.因?yàn)橐龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或 賓語(yǔ),而引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that只起到連接詞的作用.
2、接著容易混淆的是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that與 which：that之前是不定(代詞)、序數(shù)(詞)、(形容詞)級(jí)：which之前是介詞短語(yǔ)與逗號(hào)(非限制性).
例如：A、All that we have to do is to practise every day.
B、The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
C、I have lost my pen,which I like very much.
D、The house in front of which there is a garden is my home.
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
…before…特殊用法(1)"沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就……"
[例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及沖進(jìn)房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及阻止，他已經(jīng)跑了。
To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.
讓我非常失望的是，我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
…before…特殊用法(2)"過(guò)了多久才……"或"動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才……"
[例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他們西行50英里才看到一個(gè)村莊。
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人們連續(xù)工作3天才使一切恢復(fù)正常。
He almost knocked me down before he knew it.
他幾乎撞到我了才意識(shí)到。
We had walked a long way before we found some water.
我們走了很長(zhǎng)的路才找到一點(diǎn)水。
Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不覺(jué)，五年過(guò)去了。
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
什么是副詞?
指出句中的副詞：
1. You are standing near the camera.. Can you move a little farther? a little修飾副詞“farther”表示程度 farther修飾動(dòng)詞“move”表示方式
2. Miss Long usually goes to school by bus. usually修飾動(dòng)詞goes，表示頻度、頻率
3. The two old passengers fell into the sea. Unfortunately, neither of them could swim. Unfortunately修飾整個(gè)句子
4. I won’t go with you. It’s much too hot today. much too修飾形容詞，表示程度修飾形容詞hot，修飾形容詞
高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
非謂語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)(即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系，如為主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式;如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)或不定式的被動(dòng)式(動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行);如既無(wú)主動(dòng)也無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語(yǔ)從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語(yǔ)加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ))
Judging/considering/genrally?speaking/supposing?指說(shuō)話者的動(dòng)作，故只用主動(dòng)式。如：?
Having?been?ill?in?bed?for?nearly?a?month?,?he?had?a?hard?time?passing?the?exam.?
解析：從這個(gè)句子可以看出，句詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)he一致，并且是主謂關(guān)系，所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語(yǔ)，同時(shí)，分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。
In?order?to?improve?English?,?________.?
A.?Jenny’s?father?bought?her?a?lot?of?tapes.?
B.?Jenny’s?father?bought?a?lot?of?tapes?for?herself.?
C.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny.?
D.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny?father.?
解析：根據(jù)不定式短語(yǔ)我們可以推知，句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人而不是物，所以，應(yīng)該排除CD，再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語(yǔ)，而不是她爸爸，故答案先B.?
———，we?decided?to?go?out?for?a?walk.?
A.?It?is?fine?B.?It?fine?
C.?Being?fine?D.It?being?fine?
解析：主句主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)be?fine之間既無(wú)主動(dòng)關(guān)系與無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)It，由于不存在主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故不能選C項(xiàng)，而應(yīng)該選D?項(xiàng)。?
————more?attention,?the?trees?could?have?grown?better.?A.?Given?B.To?give?C.Giving?D.?Having?giving?
解析：give與主句的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選A.如為主動(dòng)關(guān)系則選C.?
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高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
