主謂一致高中英語語法與短語
主謂一致高中英語語法與短語
主謂一致時(shí)，什么時(shí)候謂語用單數(shù)?什么時(shí)候用復(fù)數(shù)?如何學(xué)好英語?小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，快來學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧!
主謂一致高中英語語法
一 主謂一致概念
一、主謂一致概念：
主謂一致，即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要和主語保持一致。一般來說，如果主語是單數(shù)形式，那么謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);如果主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，那么謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。但是，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些特殊情況，這就是我們要總結(jié)的。
二 主謂一致類型
1. 不可數(shù)名詞看成單數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。不可數(shù)名詞有很多，比如空氣、水、重量、長度、金錢等等。
(1) Ten thousand dollars is quite a large sum.
(2) About 20 percent of the work was done yesterday.
第一個(gè)句子里，錢即使再多，也只是一筆數(shù)目，所以看成單數(shù);第二個(gè)句子里，work是不可數(shù)的，這個(gè)要注意，在英語里，我們把job看成可數(shù)名詞，但是work看成不可數(shù)名詞，不可數(shù)名詞的前提下，不論講它的幾分之幾，還是百分之多少，都仍然是不可數(shù)。
2. 主語從句看成單數(shù)。
That they were wrong in these matters is now clear to us all.
這句話里有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，一個(gè)是were，另一個(gè)是is，一個(gè)句子只能有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，所以這里肯定嵌入了一個(gè)從句，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)That they were wrong in these matters是個(gè)整體，充當(dāng)整個(gè)句子里的主語，所以是主語從句。我們把主語從句看成單數(shù)，所以這里用的is。
3. 就前原則
就前原則，指的是動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)看這個(gè)詞前面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)情況。as well as, with, along with, together with都遵循就前原則。具體我們來看以下例句：
(1) E-mail, as well as telephones, plays an important part in daily communication.
(2) A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift.
第一句話的意思是郵件和電話在日常溝通中有重要作用。按照意思上，感覺講的是兩個(gè)東西，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但是as well as是就前原則，動(dòng)詞要看as well as前面的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況，這句話里as well as前面是E-mail，是單數(shù)，因此動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)plays。第二句話的意思是一個(gè)有著五千本書的圖書館被當(dāng)作禮物贈(zèng)給一個(gè)國家。這句話里有with，也是就前原則，動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)看with前面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)，這句話里with前面是a library，因此用單數(shù)is offered.
4. 就近原則
就近原則，和就前原則相反，指句子里動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看離動(dòng)詞最近的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)情況。either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…都是遵循就前原則，下面我們來看些例句進(jìn)行理解：
(1) Either you or I am going to the teachers' office after class.
(2) Not only Tom but also his wife is fond of watching television.
第一句話里有either…or…，因此句子里的動(dòng)詞要看離動(dòng)詞最近的名詞，最近的名詞是 I，因此動(dòng)詞要用am。第二句里有not only…but also…，因此要看離動(dòng)詞最近的名詞，本句里是his wife，是單數(shù)，所以要用is，即使意思翻譯起來是“不僅他，而且他老婆也愛看電視”。
5. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等，形式上是單數(shù)，意義是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
(1) The police are searching for a thief.
(2) The cattle are eating grass on the hill.
第一句話其實(shí)說的是警察這個(gè)隊(duì)伍在搜查一個(gè)賊，但是police是單復(fù)數(shù)同形，所以看上去像單數(shù)，而實(shí)際上是復(fù)數(shù);第二句話cattle是表示整個(gè)牛群，但是由于單復(fù)數(shù)同形，所以會(huì)看不出來，其實(shí)意思表示整個(gè)牛群在山上吃草。
三 劍橋真題例句
1. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once.(C9P23L25)
分析：錢不可數(shù)，即使它的很多也不可數(shù)，不可數(shù)我們就看成單數(shù)，因此動(dòng)詞用is。
2. With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.(C9P87L5)
分析：雖然she是和丈夫皮埃爾•居里以及Henri一起獲得了1903年的諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，但是由于有with，而with是就前原則，因此動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)跟著with前的名詞走，這句話其實(shí)順序有調(diào)整，改成我們習(xí)慣的句式是：she with her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics.這樣是不是就看出來了?
3. Fish were a vital commodity in growing towns and cities, where food supplies were a constant concern.(C8P47L16)
分析：有些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同行，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式一樣。同樣的詞還有people和sheep。
4. How effectively biological control can be pressed into service is proved by the following examples.(C8P94L13)
分析：這句話有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，分別是be和is，一句話不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞，有的話說明里面嵌入了一個(gè)從句。這句話里，從how到service整個(gè)從句在整句話中充當(dāng)主語，因此是主語從句，我們把主語從句看成單數(shù)，因此用了is。
5. Not only we but also he has seen it.(由于劍橋和九分達(dá)人里沒有，我們引用了《中考一本解決方案》中的句子。P89)
分析：not only…but also…遵循就近原則，即動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)看離它最近的主語，這里he是離動(dòng)詞最近的主語，所以要用單數(shù)，所以不是have seen，而是用has seen。
高考必背的英語短語
101. by chance(=accidentally， by accident)偶然
102. for a change換換環(huán)境(花樣等)
103. charge sb. with …控告某人犯有…
104. in charge of (=responsible for) 負(fù)責(zé)(某事) in the charge of …由…管
105. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for)負(fù)責(zé)管理(照顧)
106. charge…for 因…索取(費(fèi)用) ， charge sb. with sth. 控告某人犯有…
107. round the clock(=all day and all night， usually without stopping) 晝夜不停地
108. comment on 評論
109. commit oneself to 使自己承擔(dān)… commit sb. to prison把某人送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄;commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法寫下來;commit a matter to a committee 把某事交給委員會(huì)討論
110. in common (和…)有共同之處，共用。be common to sb. 是與某人所共有的
111. keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和…要好。
112. compare…with … 把…與…比較
113. compare…to… 把…比作…
114. by comparison 比較起來
115. in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和…比起來
116. compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 補(bǔ)償， 賠償，彌補(bǔ) compensate sb. for sth. 賠償，彌補(bǔ)
117. complain of (or about)抱怨;訴苦;控告;complain about 抱怨某人或事情;complain to sb. about sth. (or sb.) 向某人抱怨…;complain (抱怨);complement (補(bǔ)充);compliment (恭維)
118. comply with (=act in accordance with a demand， order， rule etc.) 遵守， 依從
119. conceive of (think of， imagine， consider) 想象，設(shè)想
120. concentrate on (or upon) 集中，專心
121. be concerned with (=about) 與…有關(guān)
122. concern oneself about with 關(guān)心
123. in conclusion(=as the last thing)最后一點(diǎn);at the conclusion of 當(dāng)…結(jié)束時(shí);
124. condemn sb. to 判決
125. on condition that (=if)以…為條件， 假如。in that = because因?yàn)?now that = since既然 for all that = although 盡管
126. in out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit not fit) 健康狀況好不好 . in good (bad) condition處于良好(壞)狀態(tài)
127. confess(to)(=admit a fault， crime， or sth. wrong)承認(rèn)， 供認(rèn);confess to a crime 承認(rèn)罪行。
128. confide in (=to talk freely to sb. about one's secret) 對…講真心話， 依賴
129. in confidence 推心置腹地;with confidence 滿懷信心地;have confidence in 對…有信心
130. confidence in sb. sth. 對…的信賴
131. be confident of 有信心;confidential 機(jī)密的
132. confine…to… 把…限制在某范圍內(nèi)
133. confirm sb. in 使某人更堅(jiān)定(信念等)
134. conform to (=be in agreement with， comply with) 符合，遵照，遵守;1)obey 服從;2) observe;3)comply with照…辦;4)keep to遵循;5)abide by服從;6)stick to按……做
135. be confronted with(=be brought face to face with) 面對， 面臨
136. congratulate sb. on 祝賀
137. in connection with(=with regard to)關(guān)于
138. be conscious of(=be aware of)覺察，知道
139. consent to(=give agreement to permission)同意
140. in consequence (=as a result) 結(jié)果
141. in consequence of (=as a consequence of)由于…的結(jié)果
142. under consideration 在考慮中
143. in consideration of (=in return for， on account of， because of )由于
144. on no consideration(in no case)無論如何也不
145.take…into consideration (=take account of， take…into account)考慮到， 把 …考慮進(jìn)去
146. considerate (=thoughtful of the needs) 體貼的， 考慮他人需要的， considerable相當(dāng)大的，值得考慮的
147. consist of(=be composed of)由…組成的。consist in主要在于。consist with符合，與…一致
148. be consistent with(=be in agreement with)與…一致。be consistent in一貫的
149. consult sb. on about sth. 向…征求…方面的意見， 就…向…請教
150. to one's heart's content盡情地，痛痛快快
主謂一致高中英語語法與短語相關(guān)文章：
1.高中英語語法大全