高一英語定語從句考點匯總，高一英語學習有方法
高一英語定語從句考點匯總，高一英語學習有方法
定語從句作為英語語法，在學習過程中屬于中較難理解與掌握的部分，也正是由于其復雜程度較高、邏輯性較強、理解難度很大，屢屢讓童鞋們在考試中丟分數(shù)、失信心、喪斗志!接下來小編為大家整理了高一英語學習的內(nèi)容，一起來看看吧!
高一英語定語從句考點匯總
概念
定語可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式以及介詞短語等來擔任，也可以由一個句子來充當，充當定語功能的句子稱為定語從句。
定語從句“三要素”
1.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
?、僦溉说南刃性~
②指物的先行詞
★ 先行詞還可以是前面整個句子所敘述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 先行詞
2.關(guān)系詞：引導定語的詞
(1)關(guān)系詞的作用
?、偬娲懊娴南刃性~(替代作用)
?、谶B接主句和定語從句(連接作用)
③在定語從句中作句子成分(成分作用)
(2)關(guān)系詞的分類
?、贅藴剩焊鶕?jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類
②關(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)
?、坳P(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(When/where/why)
3.定語從句：用來做定語，修飾限定先行詞的句子
定語從句的分類
1.限制性定語從句：對先行詞起限定修飾作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.
2.非限制性定語從句：對先行詞起補充說明作用(先行詞與定語從句之間有逗號隔開)
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.
比較：
He has two sons, who work in the same company.
(He has only two sons.)
He has two sons who work in the same company.
(Perhaps he has two more sons)
定語從句的10個難點
1.關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語從句)
(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語
She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)
(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語
He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)
(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，介詞在從句句尾時可以省略
Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.
比較：
Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此時只能用which且不能省略)
2.先行詞是人(that/who的區(qū)別)
(1)用that的情況
?、僖砸蓡栐~who開頭的句子中
Who is the man that is shouting there?
?、陉P(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時
She is not the girl that she used to be.
③先行詞被the very, the right, the only修飾
This is the very person that we are looking for.
(2)用who的情況
①先行詞是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
?、诰渥又杏袃蓚€定語從句,一個用了that,另外一個用who
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
?、墼趖here be 結(jié)構(gòu)中
There are many young men who are against him.
④在非限定性定語從句當中
Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
3.先行詞是物(that / which的區(qū)別)
(1)用which的情況
?、僭诜窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ從句中
She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
②關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語
The pen with which you write is Jack’s.
③先行詞是that或定語從句中套定語從句,一個關(guān)系詞用that,另一個用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
(2)用that的情況
?、傧刃性~是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等
She did all that she could to help us.
②先行詞被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時
This is the very book that I want.
③先行詞中既有人又有物時
She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.
?、芟刃性~前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時
This is the best book that I have ever read.
This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.
⑤定語從句中套定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系詞以用which, 另外一個用that
He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
⑥當主句的主語是疑問詞which,另一個用that
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
4.As引導定語從句用法
(1)As 既可以引導限制性定語從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當主語，賓語，表語等。
常用于以下句型當中：Such/so….. as…. 像…..一樣 the same …. as… 和…...同樣的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
He is not the same man as he was.
(2)引導非限制性定語從句，此時譯為“正如，像”等。 可以放在句首，句中或句末。
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引導定語從句的區(qū)別
This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. (同類事物)
5.關(guān)系副詞的運用
(1)When 在定語從句中做時間狀語，先行詞為表示時間的time, day等
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)
(2)Where 在定語從句中做地點狀語，先行詞為表地點的place, spot等
Can you tell me the office where he works?
(where = in which)
(3)Why 在定語從句中做原因狀語，先行詞只有reason.
I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent.
(why = for which)
★ 關(guān)系副詞 = 相應的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞
★ Where引導的定語從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point(地步)等
What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?
在哪些情況下身體語言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時where = in which)
6.幾個特殊的先行詞
(1)way在定語從句中做狀語時的三種引導方式 that / in which / 不填
The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.
比較：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.
★way在定語中作tell的賓語
(2)先行詞time
time表示“次數(shù)”時，用關(guān)系代詞that引導定語從句
This is the first time that the president has visited the country.
time作“一段時間” 講時，應用關(guān)系副詞when
This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets
★此時when = during which 在..期間
(3)先行詞reason當在定語從句中作狀語時，定語從句的4種引導方式 why/for which/that/不填
This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.
比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.
★reason 在定語從句中做explain的賓語
7.介詞+關(guān)系代詞
★該結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which(指物) 介詞+whom(指人)
★該結(jié)構(gòu)介詞的選用原則：
(1)根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習慣搭配
This is the book on which I spent $ 8.
This is the book for which I paid $ 8.
(2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習慣
I remember the days during which I lived there.
I remember the day on which I graduated from university.
(3)根據(jù)整個句子所表達的意思來決定
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
(4)英語中為了強調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關(guān)系代詞。
Here is the money with which to buy the piano.
She is the right person on whom to depend
注意：
?、偃绻樵~后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略
The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.
?、谟行┖薪樵~的動詞短語介詞不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等
This is the baby that you will look after.
8.定語從句的主謂一致
(1)當先行詞是 one of + 復數(shù)名詞，定語從句的位于動詞要用復數(shù)形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
(2)當先行詞是 the only + one of +復數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
(3)先行詞如果是整個句子，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
9.定語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化
定語從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 –ing或-ed形式
The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan.
I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway.
The man (who stands) standing there is my friend.
10. 定語從句的解題方法
(1)判斷從句是否為定語從句 (先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語從句)
(2)準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞
注意：
?、訇P(guān)系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語從句中做定語。
當先行詞是人： whose = the + 名詞 + of whom
當先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which
Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?
I’d like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.
②That引導定語從句，名詞性從句 和 強調(diào)句型的區(qū)別:
定語從句中的that: 關(guān)系代詞，在后面的定語從句中做句子成分。
名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。
強調(diào)句中的that, 運用于it is/was…that..結(jié)構(gòu);判斷標準：去掉強調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，成分仍然完整。
比較：
This is the book that I am looking for.
(that 引導定語從句)
It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.
(that和前面的it is構(gòu)成強調(diào)句型)
The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.
(that 引導名詞性從句--同位語從句)
That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.
(that引導名詞性從句--主語從句)
We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.
(that引導名詞性從句--賓語從句)
The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.
(that 引導名詞性從句--表語從句)
高一英語學習有方法
1注意學習動力的培養(yǎng)
學習動力的培養(yǎng)包括學習需要、動機、興趣、效力和情感等非智力因素的開發(fā)。
隨著中國加入WTO，大部分學生已意識到英語的重要性，認為學習英語很有必要，學生有這樣的學習動機，教師應正確引導，培養(yǎng)學生克服困難的信心和毅力，充分調(diào)動學生的主觀能動性。而且，高一大部分學生喜歡英語，認為英語非常有趣。興趣是最好的老師，教師應充分利用這一優(yōu)勢，開展形式多樣的教學活動，如英語角、英語演講比賽、英語詩歌朗誦會、英語歌曲等，使學生的興趣得以長期保持，從而主動、積極地學習英語、學好英語。
2注重對學習方法的指導
學習方法的指導包括引導學生掌握預習、聽課、課堂筆記、課堂小結(jié)、完成作業(yè)、復習、參看課外資料等正確的學習方法。
1)預習
預習是學習方法的問題，也是學習習慣的問題。課前預習是聽好課的基礎(chǔ)，也是培養(yǎng)學生自主學習能力的有效方法之一。高一大部分學生沒有養(yǎng)成自覺預習習慣。有的學生是老師要求預習就預習和想起來就預習，而且預習的方法大都是把新課內(nèi)容看一遍，而通過預習找出重點和疑難點的學生卻比較少。預習時優(yōu)等生經(jīng)常采取找問題的方法。中等生和學習困難生基本上采用把新課內(nèi)容看一遍的預習方法，而且只停留于完成老師布置的任務，學習主動性較差。還有的學生根本不預習，可見，預習是高一學生英語學習過程中相當薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。因此，要逐漸培養(yǎng)學生的自主預習的良好習慣。預習的內(nèi)容很多，如：運用拼讀規(guī)則和音標學習生詞;預習新課內(nèi)容，了解大意，回答有關(guān)問題;找出難點并做上標記;聽錄音、模仿跟讀等。
2)聽課
聽課是學習過程中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)，聽課效率高的學生往往能夠在課堂上掌握老師講授的大部分內(nèi)容。學生聽課要主動、積極，跟上老師的思維，堅持做到：緊跟各個教學環(huán)節(jié)，如復習、引入、呈現(xiàn)、練習、和鞏固;要集中精力，聽懂老師的講解;積極參與課堂教學活動，如回答問題、參與對話、角色表演、復述等。
3)課堂筆記
做課堂筆記是掌握知識過程中的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)，但大部分高一學生卻不會做課堂筆記。做課堂筆記一定要有取舍，切忌抄板書，應在聽懂老師講解的基礎(chǔ)上，擇其重點邊聽邊記，努力提高聽課效率，力爭在課堂上解決知識問題。
4)課堂小結(jié)
課堂小結(jié)有助于回顧和整理課堂所學的重要內(nèi)容。進行課堂小結(jié)時，老師常采用自我小結(jié)、做練習、聽老師小結(jié)和重溫課本等多種方式。在進行課堂小結(jié)時，應積極加入老師組織的各種活動中，充分發(fā)揮自己的自主性。進一步與老師和同學分析討論，以深化對問題的認識，在互動、探究式的學習氛圍梳理好每一節(jié)課的內(nèi)容。
5)作業(yè)
課外作業(yè)是鞏固、應用知識和提高能力的一種手段，也是課堂教學的必要補充，必須獨立完成，引導學生一定要認真對待作業(yè)，態(tài)度端正，方法正確，一般學生采用先做再看書，很少采用先看書再做的方式，而且，有一部分學生仍有抄別人作業(yè)的行為，這說明這些學生還沒有形成基本的學習習慣。從教學的連貫性來看，一般應在完成作業(yè)前先看書，待比較清晰地掌握了所學的知識后，再通過完成作業(yè)來自檢學習情況，強化對有關(guān)內(nèi)容的記憶。英語作業(yè)分為口頭作業(yè)和筆頭作業(yè)，對語言學習來說，朗讀、記憶、背誦等口頭作業(yè)十分重要。
6)復習
復習是加深對所學知識系統(tǒng)理解和鞏固的過程，是提高語言應用能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。復習應根據(jù)自己的知識、缺漏和學習特點選擇合適的方法，作到事半功倍的效果。復習分為常規(guī)復習和考前復習。要讓學生堅持常規(guī)復習，每天抽出一定的時間，對當天所學的內(nèi)容進行及時的消化與鞏固，如有不懂的，應及時地請教同學和老師，絕不能不懂裝懂，此外還應注意收集錯題，尤其是帶有知識性錯誤的題目，定期再做，自己做好查漏補缺;考前復習一定要有針對性，采取針對自己知識缺漏的情況，在老師的指導下自我選題進行自測。
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