常考初三的英語語法知識點
初三的英語學習是單詞和語法的綜合，你必須要把單詞和語法一起拿下，考試的時候才能獲得一個好分數(shù)。下面小編為大家?guī)沓？汲跞挠⒄Z語法知識點，希望大家喜歡!
初三英語語法知識點
被動語態(tài)的動詞
主動語態(tài)比被動語態(tài)直接而有力，多用主動語態(tài)，可以使文章充滿朝氣，呈現(xiàn)活力。在下列兩組句子中， (b)比(a)有力：
(1) a.My first visit to New Zealand will always be remembered by me.
b. I will always remember my first visit to New Zealand.
(2) a.The crowing of cocks could be heard at dawn.
b. The cocks' crow came with dawn.
雖然如此，在某些情況下，非用被動語態(tài)不可。前此已提過這事，這里不再重述。這里只有指出其中一點，就是有些動詞，如 "base, schedule, expect, suppose" 等，通常以被動語態(tài)形式出現(xiàn)。
例如：
(1)This survey was based on facts.
(2)The last train is scheduled to leave at 9pm.
(3)You are expected to come on time.
(4)All are supposed to work hard.
除了上述這些動詞之外，還有十種，幾乎都以被動式出現(xiàn)。
(一)有關“疾病”的動詞，如：
(1)Helen's left lung is infected.
(2)He is confined to the house by illness.
(3)The old man was seized with sudden chest pains.
(二)有關“疲乏”的動詞，如：
(4) I am completely exhausted after the game.
(5)Tom was done up after the race.
(三)有關“喜樂”的動詞，如：
(6)The children were fascinated by the toys.
(7)We were delighted to hear the good news.
(8) I am very pleased to see you here.
(四)有關“延遲”或“障礙”的動詞，如：
(9)The workers were held up by the heavy rain.
(10)The road was blocked by ice.
(11)The train was delayed by 30 minutes.
(五)有關“慣性動作”的動詞，如：
(12)Tom is addicted to smoking.
(13)Foreign workers are quite used to hard work.
(六)有關“煩惱”或“焦急”的動詞，如：
(14)Who was upset by John?
(15)Mother was annoyed to know this.
(七)有關“驚奇”或“震驚”的動詞，如：
(16) I was surprised to see him here.
(17)All were shocked to hear the bad news.
(八)有關“包圍”的動詞，如：
(18)The troops were surrounded.
(19)Troy was besieged.
(九)有關“沾污”或“污化”的動詞，如：
(20)Judy's reputation is tarnished.
(21)The water was contaminated with oil.
(十)有關“害怕”或“混亂”的動詞，如：
(22)All were frightened out of their wits.
(23)He was puzzled about what to do next.
要注意的一點是，上面這十類動詞有些已漸漸失去了動詞力量，轉(zhuǎn)化為慣用語。
初三英語?？嫉恼Z法知識點
所謂垂懸結構(The Dangling Construction)就是一個句子成分，如分詞短語，不定式動詞短語等，找不到被修飾的主語或被修飾的對象不合邏輯。垂懸結構是種錯誤的句法，應該避免。
下面是三種常見的垂懸結構及其改正方法：
⒈垂懸分詞或分詞短語，如：
① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.
這句子里的現(xiàn)在分詞短語(present participial phrase)修飾主語“several boars”是錯的;改正方法有二：
(a)確定是邏輯主語，使句子變成“Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.”
(b)把現(xiàn)在分詞短語擴大為副詞分句(也稱狀語從句)：“When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.”
⒉垂懸副詞短語，如：
② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
這句的副詞短語(adverb phrase)和主語“the fish”有什么邏輯關系呢?真正的邏輯主語應該是“the fisherman”或“the angler”才對。改正方法和例①同：
(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
⒊垂懸不定式動詞短語，如：
③ To write well, a lot of practice is needed.
④ To be a loyal employee, a sense of belonging is a must.
這兩個句子的不定式動詞短語(infinitive phrases)并不能修飾“practice”和“a sense of belonging”，真正的主語必須是“ 人”，如：
(a) To write well, one needs a lot of practice/a person has to practise a lot.
(b) To be a loyal employee, he or she must have a sense of belonging.
上述三類垂懸結構中，第一類發(fā)生的頻率最高，必須注意。但是在下列三種情況下，分詞短語是對的，它們并非垂懸結構：
第一，獨立結構(The Absolute Construction，見3月7日《中英合談》)中的分詞短語有自己的主語，所以不是垂懸結構。例如：
① Such being the case, we can go home now./……it is not wrong to call it a day.
第二，當分詞含有介詞或連詞性質(zhì)時，它不需要邏輯主語，所以沒有垂懸問題存在。例如：
② Owing to a lack of funds, the project has to be discontinued.
③ Provided that there is sufficient time, everyone can do the job better.
第三，當分詞短語是用來表示說話者的態(tài)度或意見時，也不需要邏輯主語，因此也不存在著垂懸問題。例如：
④ Judging from his facial look, the news must have been terrible.
⑤ Taken as a whole, there is nothing wrong with the logic behind that idea.
初三英語語法知識點總結歸納
下面這則廣告中的形容詞“irresistable”里的后綴( suffix)不對，應該把“-able”改為“-ible”：
“We offer: competitive monthly salary, weekly incentives, attractive transport allowance, incentive trips and irresistable performance bonus.”
到底是“-able”，還是“-ible”?這兩者有何不同?
現(xiàn)在先從形容詞的其他后綴談起。
形容詞后綴分兩大類。一類是加到名詞上的;另一類是加到動詞上的。
㈠加到名詞上的主要有：① -y，如：bloody, dirty, healthy, juicy, muddy; ② -ly，如：costly, friendly, lovely, orderly, timely;③ -ful，如：careful, faithful, helpful, peaceful, useful;④ -less，如：careless, harmless, noiseless, senseless, useless;⑤ -ous/-ious，如：dangerous; courageous, envious, mysterious;⑥ -al/-tal/-ial/-tial，如：accidental, horizontal, colonial, influential;⑦ -ic/-etic/-atic，如：artistic, sympathetic, systematic;⑧ -ish，如：childish, foolish, selfish;⑨ -like，如： life-like, business-like, war-like;⑩ -ed/-en，如：skilled, horned, golden, wooden.
㈡加到動詞上的有：① -ent/-ant，如：dependent, different, observant, pleasant;② -able/-ible，如： agreeable, comfortable, defensible, sensible;③ -ive/-tive/-ative/-itive，如：active, attentive, imaginative, sensitive;④ -ed/-en，如：advanced, noted, stolen, swollen;⑤ -ing，如：annoying, disgusting, entertaining.
-able/ible 出現(xiàn)在第二類后綴中，“-able”后綴的形容詞屬英語體系的字：“-ible”后綴的形容詞則來自拉丁體系。前者數(shù)量大，后者數(shù)量少，主要的是下面這些，可以特別留意：
accessible, apprehensible, audible, compatible, contemptible, convertible, corrigible, destructible, digestible, divisible, defensible, edible, eligible, exhaustible, fallible, feasible, flexible, forcible, horrible, illegible, intelligible, negligible, perceptible, possible, responsible, resistible, sensible, suspectible, tangible, terrible, visible.
現(xiàn)在順便把名詞、動詞和副詞主要后綴提出，作為參考：
⑴名詞后綴
-ment, -t, -ture, -ion/-ition, -al, -ance, -ent, -er, -ant 等。這些名詞后綴都要加到適當?shù)膭釉~上，如：arrangement, restraint, fixture, celebration, extension, competition, renewal, assistance, resident, exporter, attendant.
-ness, -y/-ty/-ity, -th, -ce/-cy 等，可以加到適當?shù)男稳菰~上如：darkness, kindness, honesty, loyalty, simplicity, truth, warmth, importance, absence, ungency, efficiency.
⑵動詞后綴：
加到名詞上的有 -en, -ise/-ize, -fy, -ate，如：frighten, apologise, beautify, motivate.
加到形容詞上的有 -ise/-ize, -en，如：modernise, realise, brighten, weaken.
⑶副詞后綴：
-ly，可以加到形容詞和某些名詞上，如：beautifully, clearly, leisurely, weekly.
每個后綴都有一定的意思，但不能脫離詞根獨立生存，這點要特別注意，以免犯錯。
?？汲跞挠⒄Z語法知識點相關文章：
?？汲跞挠⒄Z語法知識點
