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初三英語上冊知識點歸納

時間: 舒淇4599 分享

學(xué)習(xí)時要集中精力,養(yǎng)成良好學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,是節(jié)省學(xué)習(xí)時間和提高學(xué)習(xí)效率的最為基本的方法。下面小編為大家?guī)沓跞⒄Z上冊知識點歸納,希望對您有所幫助!

初三英語上冊知識點歸納

初三英語上冊知識點歸納

1.介詞的功能

介詞是一種虛詞,用來表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語句中其它詞的關(guān)系,不能單獨使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語可在句中作定語,狀語,表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:

The boy over there is John’s brother. (定語)

The girl will be back in two hours. (狀語)

Our English teacher is from Australia. (表語)

Help yourself to some fish. (賓語補(bǔ)足語)

2.常用介詞的用法辨析

(1)表時間的介詞

at, in on

表示時間點用at。例如:at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個世紀(jì),某年,某月,某個季節(jié)以及早晨,上午,下午,晚上時,用in。例如:in the ninettenth century, in 2022, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午,下午,晚上時,用on。例如:on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。

since, after

由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過去某一點開始的時段,但since詞組表示的時段一直延續(xù)到說話的時刻,因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。而after詞組所表示的時段純系過去,因而要與一般過去時連用。例如:

I haven’t heard from him since last summer.

After five days the boy came back.

in, after

in與將來時態(tài)連用時,表示“過多長時間以后”的意思,后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。After與將來時態(tài)連用時,后面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。After與過去時態(tài)連用時,后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。例如:

He will be back in two months.

He will arrive after four o’clock.

He returned after a month.

(2)表示地點的介詞

at, in, on

at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi);on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。例如:

He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.

They arrived at a small village before dark.

There is a big hole in the wall.

The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

over, above, on

over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”,但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物,在某物的正上方,其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物,但不一定在正上方,其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸,一個在另一的上面。例如:

There is a bridge over the river.

We flew above the clouds.

They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

across, through

across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”,但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān),表示動作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān),表示動作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如:

The dog ran across the grass.

The boy swam across the river.

They walked through the forest.

I pushed through the crowds.

in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”,在某個范圍以外;in the front of 表示“在……的前部”,在某個范圍以內(nèi)。例如:

There are some tall trees in front of the building.

The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

3.介詞的固定搭配

介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系,才能正確使用介詞。

(1)介詞與動詞的搭配

listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。

(2)介詞與名詞的搭配

on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。

(3)介詞與形容詞的搭配

be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

動詞篇:

1.短語動詞的分類

(1)動詞+介詞

常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動詞的`賓語只能放在介詞后。如:

Don’t laugh at others.

Tom asked his parents for a bike.

(2)動詞+副詞

常見的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:

You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.

Please don’t forget to hand it in.

(3)動詞+副詞+介詞

常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:

Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.

After a short rest, he went on with his research work.

(4)動詞+名詞+介詞

常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:

You should pay attention to your handwriting.

We should make full use of our time.

(5)動詞+形容詞

常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:

The prisoners were set free.

He cut it open.

(6)動詞+名詞

常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:

This story took place three years ago.

I make friends with a lot of people.

初三英語上冊期中知識點

動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語

1. 后面能接to不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。

The teacher told us to do Exercise 1. 老師要我們做練習(xí)一。

I want both of you to go. 我要你們倆去。

We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我們幫助她修理自行車。

2. 使役動詞let, have, make及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。

Let’s have a rest. 我們休息一會吧。

I saw him come in. 我看見他進(jìn)來了。

感官動詞后既可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ),也可跟v-ing作賓補(bǔ),前者表示動作的全部過程已結(jié)束;后者表示動作正在進(jìn)行。

I saw him come downstairs.我看見他下了樓。(說明他下樓了這件事)

I saw him coming downstairs.我看見他在下樓。(說明他下樓時的情景)

動詞不定式作狀語

Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他離開家到不同的城市工作。

He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比賽了。

In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.

為了趕上其他同學(xué),我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。

九年級英語上學(xué)期知識點

動詞不定式作賓語

后面能接不定式作賓語的動詞有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。

1、We hope to get there before dark. 我們希望天黑以前到那兒。

2、The man decided to do it herself. 那個男人決定自己做那件事。

動詞不定式作賓語的注意事項(2點)

1. 有些動詞既可跟不定式作賓語,也可跟動名詞作賓語,但含義不同:

remember to do 記住要做某事

remember doing 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事

forget to do忘記要做某事

forget doing 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事

stop to do 停下來去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事

go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來在做的事

2. 不定式作賓語時,如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式賓語,構(gòu)成“主語+動詞+it+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞、名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。

如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。

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