中考英語完型填空題的答題技巧
初中英語完型填空共10個(gè)空，高中共20個(gè)空。在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練時(shí)要求初中生必須10個(gè)空全部正確，高中生必須只能錯(cuò)2個(gè)空。只有這樣才能保證分?jǐn)?shù)在120分以上。那么怎么才能做到這樣的要求呢，下面請看小編為大家進(jìn)行解答。
中考英語完型填空題的答題技巧
一、解題策略指導(dǎo)
完形填空(Cloze test)是初中英語試題中必考題型。完形填空主要測試學(xué)生在具體語言環(huán)境中對文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、中心思想、推理判斷、詞語辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求，及對所學(xué)英語的綜合運(yùn)用能力、快速閱讀理解能力及邏輯推理判斷能力等。
這種題型歸納起來有如下特點(diǎn)：
1.在整份試卷中所占的分值較重，占10—15%，短文長度一般在130—200個(gè)單詞左右。
2.降低了對單詞本身的考查要求，重點(diǎn)考查考生對短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，情理分析及推理判斷能力。
3.針對初中學(xué)生的實(shí)際水平，一般采用故事類、說明類短文，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或論文體。近年來出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主、語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢。
完形填空有多種形式，但它在基本設(shè)計(jì)原則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干個(gè)詞或短語，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或短語，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個(gè)答案(其中包括一個(gè)正確答案)，讓考生選出正確的答案;從所給的單詞中，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空;也可以給出單詞首字母作提示將短文補(bǔ)全;也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生對文章的理解和現(xiàn)有的語言能力完成。最常見的還是選擇型的完形填空。
抽詞的辦法可以是有針對性地抽取，也可以是隨機(jī)地抽取。但目前比較流行的是對文章理解能力的考查，而不是單純對語法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查。
完形填空要求考生不僅要會(huì)運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個(gè)單句，理解語義，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填上，使文章完整與通順。
完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞;名詞和介詞;根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞;同義詞、近義詞等易混詞。考查以實(shí)詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。難點(diǎn)主要集中在根據(jù)上下文作正確判斷的詞的用法上。
在做完形填空題時(shí)，通常先弄清語境，并依據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行合理的分析、判斷，才能作出恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x擇。具體可分為以下三步：
1. 通覽全文，了解大意
答題時(shí)，應(yīng)先越過空檔，通讀全文，理順題意，找出信息詞。這是做好完形填空題的關(guān)鍵。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁盏奶攸c(diǎn)是著眼于整體理解。我們?nèi)绻讯涛谋茸鳝h(huán)環(huán)相扣的鏈條，那么由于空格的設(shè)置，“鏈條”從第二句起有些地方就脫節(jié)了。有些同學(xué)習(xí)慣于提筆就填或邊讀邊填，急于求成，然而，欲速則不達(dá)，結(jié)果往往由于“只見樹木不見森林”而事倍功半。因此我們應(yīng)該依據(jù)首句給的啟示，通過邏輯思維，借助短文中關(guān)鍵詞所提供的信息，越過空檔，盡快把全文讀完，建立語言的整體感，幫助我們了解短文大意。
2. 綜合考慮，先易后難
通覽全文后，認(rèn)真觀察選項(xiàng)，瞻前顧后，仔細(xì)推敲，逐項(xiàng)選定。經(jīng)過通讀全文，對短文有了整體印象。在此基礎(chǔ)上，可以根據(jù)全文大意，展開邏輯思維，分析這一空格處在句中的地位，前后的關(guān)系和它所起的作用，確定最佳答案。遇到困難，暫放一邊，先易后難，這是解題之道。當(dāng)遇到難以判斷的空檔時(shí)，不妨先放一邊，繼續(xù)往下做。因?yàn)橛行┐鸢甘潜仨毻ㄟ^下文的理解后才能作出斷定的。有時(shí)，前后信息之間還有相互提示作用。因此，當(dāng)我們遇到難題時(shí)，不能久久停留于此，這樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)不必要的時(shí)間。
3. 復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)，消除疏漏
完成所有空檔后，還要再次通讀全文，看看這時(shí)的短文行文是否流暢，意義是否連貫，邏輯關(guān)系是否合理。復(fù)查時(shí)，可從語法入手，檢查一下句子的時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致、代詞的性、數(shù)、格以及詞語的搭配等是否正確。凡遇疑點(diǎn)，必須根據(jù)文章的中心思想，從意義、語法的角度來仔細(xì)權(quán)衡，加以改正，彌補(bǔ)疏漏。
二、范例解析引路
例一：
Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life.
1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other
2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese
3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice
4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects
5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased
6. A. for B. of C. to D. from
7. A. in B. with C. at D. of
8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read
9. A. go B. work C. like D. come
10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful
解題思路：首先，通覽全文。通過通覽全文，便知本文講述許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語。學(xué)習(xí)英語的人年齡不同，目的各異。其次，本著先易后難的原則開始填空，先根據(jù)上下文和自己的語感，推測部分空格的可能答案。然后，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)逐一敲定。
1. 選B。some...other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(泛指)”; some...the other(s)...意思是“一些……另一些(特指)”。由語境可知，在學(xué)英語的學(xué)生中，除一部分是孩子外，剩余的是青年人(特指)。
2. 選A。根據(jù)上下文可知是English。
3. 選B。由文章內(nèi)容來看，人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的原因多種多樣，因此回答為什么那么多人學(xué)習(xí)英語這個(gè)問題并不容易。
4. 選D。由常識可知，English是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的科目(subject)之一。
5. 選B。根據(jù)前后文意可知許多人學(xué)習(xí)英語，那是因?yàn)镋nglish在他們的工作中很有用(useful)。
6. 選A。本題屬于介詞用法辨析。介詞for在此可表示目的、原因。
7. 選A。in English是習(xí)慣搭配。
8. 選D?！白x報(bào)”英語習(xí)慣說read newspapers。
9. 選B。根據(jù)語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，有些人學(xué)習(xí)英語或想出國(go to a country)或想在這些國家工作(work in a country)。
10. 選D。末句點(diǎn)題，"英語在我們生活中是很有幫助的(helpful)"。
最后，復(fù)讀檢驗(yàn)。將所有答案代入空格后，重新將短文復(fù)讀一遍，如果語句通順，語意清楚，便結(jié)束本題，轉(zhuǎn)做其它試題。
最后須提醒大家一點(diǎn)，做好完形填空題并非一日之功。我們應(yīng)從平日學(xué)習(xí)中做起，多積累，勤學(xué)苦練，方可成功!
例二：
parent, tell, call, celebrate, together, why, start, after, shop, newspaper
Most people buy lots of presents just before Christmas. But some people think we buy too much. They have started a special day (1) _______ Buy Nothing Day. They don’t want anyone to go (2) _______ on that day. Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It is (3) _______ Thanksgiving. Often, before Christmas we see many ads in (4) _______ and on TV (5) _________ us to “buy, buy, buy!” The idea for Buy Nothing Day (6) _______ in Vancouver, Canada. Now people all over the world (7) _______ Buy Nothing Day. In California, the US, (8) _________ and children get (9) _______ to read stories, sing songs, and draw pictures. The children talk about (10) _______ they don’t need a lot of toys.?
本文是向考生介紹一個(gè)特殊的日子——Buy Nothing Day，因此第1空應(yīng)填called。既然是Buy Nothing Day，那就應(yīng)該是不讓人們“購物 (go shopping)”。第3空考查常識，Buy Nothing Day的日期是November 29，應(yīng)該在Thanksgiving之后，故此空白處應(yīng)填after。“看見廣告”通常應(yīng)在報(bào)紙上或電視上，因此第4空白處應(yīng)填newspapers。結(jié)合文意可知第5空白處應(yīng)填寫一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，并且能用動(dòng)詞不定式作復(fù)合賓語，此動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是tell，此處應(yīng)用“動(dòng)詞-ing”形式，即telling。 第6空白處所在的句子是介紹Buy Nothing Day的起源，是過去的事情，應(yīng)用started?，F(xiàn)在，世界各地也像慶祝其他節(jié)日一樣來慶祝Buy Nothing Day，因此第7個(gè)空白處應(yīng)填寫celebrate (慶祝)。第8空白處應(yīng)填parents與children對應(yīng)。第9空白處應(yīng)填together與動(dòng)詞get構(gòu)成get together短語，意思是“團(tuán)聚”。第10空白處應(yīng)填why來澄清“they don’t need a lot of toys”的原因。
完形填空實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)帶答案
完形填空(一)
The purpose(目的)of students 1 come to school is to study. But 2 needs right way or we would waste the time or the money. The followings are ways for studying.
The 3 time for reading is morning. Because in the morning, the air is fresh and our minds are clear. For that reason, we can get good results.
When we study we must be patient(有耐性的). If we don’t understand a text well, we must read it again. We should not read the next 4 we have learned the first one well.
When we are studying, we must put our hearts 5 the book. We cannot read absent-mindedly(心不在焉地), or we could get 6 from the book while we are reading.
We must always ask “why”. If it is not 7 understood, write it down and ask our teachers or parents, brothers or friends, in 8 possible way. We must know it completely and then our knowledge can 9 well.
Though there are many ways for studying, 10 , the above mentioned(提到的)will be quite enough if we can keep them in heart.
| ( )1.A.who | B. whose | C. which | D. they |
| ( )2.A.studies | B. be studying | C. to study | D.studied |
| ( )3.A.good | B. better | C. best | D.bad |
| ( )4.A.as | B. until | C.after | D.if |
| ( )5.A.in | B. into | C.to | D.on |
| ( )6.A.something | B. anything | C.everything | D.nothing |
| ( )7.A.well | B. good | C.nice | D.true |
| ( )8.A.some | B. any | C.a | D.many |
| ( )9.A.use | B. used | C.been use | D.be used |
| ( )10.A.but | B. however | C.how | D.still |
(二)
Mr Brown was a rich shopkeeper. He 1 a lot of money to his son Jim when he was dying. The young man often 2 his friends to dinner and several years later he spent all the money on the 3 food. Now he got into trouble and nobody came to him. It made him 4 and he went to ask a clever old man for advice.
“My money has 5 and my friends have gone,” said the young man. “What will happen to me now?”
“Don,t 6 , young man,” answered the old man. “Everything will soon be all right again. 7 and you will soon feel much happier.” 8 this, the young man was very glad. He asked, “Am I going to be 9 again if I don’t like working?”
“No,”said the old man.“I 10 you will soon get used to being poor and having no friends.”
| ( )1.A.lent | B.left | C.borrowed | D.got |
| ( )2.A.made | B.hoped | C.asked | D.pulled |
| ( )3.A.common | B.cheap | C.terrible | D.delicious |
| ( )4. A.sad | B.happy | C.polite | D.careful |
| ( )5.A.begun | B.been used up | C.hurried | D.flown |
| ( )6. A.worry | B.say | C.smile | D.sing |
| ( )7. A.Stand | B.Study | C.Work | D.Wait |
| ( )8. A.Seeing | B.Touching | C.Hearing | D.Feeling |
| ( )9. A.safe | B.dangerous | C.rich | D.poor |
| ( )10.A.think | B.wish | C.understand | D.surprise |
(三)
There was a robbery near Harry’s home one night. Harry was looking out of his window 1 .He saw a robber run out of a shop and he saw the robber 2 his mask(面具).He saw his face.
Harry told his father what he had seen. When the police came, Harry and his 3 went to talk to them.“I saw the robber,” Harry told the police.“I can recognize(認(rèn)出) him.He was about 4 . He 5 a big red nose. His ears were big. He was quite tall and thin. There is 6 wrong with his right leg.”
“ 7 do you know that?”one of the policemen asked.
“He limped(跛行),”Harry said.
“What was he wearing?”the other policeman asked.
“He was wearing black trousers and a shirt,” Harry said. “His mask was a lady,s stocking. His shoes were white sports shoes.”
“You are a very clever boy,” the policeman said.”“ 8 ! Now we can send out a description of the robber.”
The police did this and the next day they caught him. They put him in a line 9 some other men. They asked Harry to point him out. Harry did this 10 .The police arrested(逮捕)the man at once. Then Harry went home with his father happily.
| ( )1. A.at that time | B.at this moment | C.at last | D.at the beginning |
| ( )2. A.put on | B.put off | C.take out | D.take off |
| ( )3. A.policeman | B.mother | C.father | D.brother |
| ( )4. A.fifty years old | B.fifty-years-old | C.fiftieth years old | D.fiftieth-years-old |
| ( )5. A.wore | B.had | C.took | D.put |
| ( )6. A.nothing | B.everything | C.anything | D.something |
| ( )7. A.How | B.What | C.Why | D.When |
| ( )8. A.I,m afraid | B.Of course | C.Well done | D.It doesn,t matter |
| ( )9. A.on | B.for | C.with | D.after |
| ( )10.A.easily | B.badly | C.sadly | D.suddenly |
(四)
Happiness is for everyone, and you don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses 1 large gardens and swimming pools or those 2 have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel 3 and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are 4 at school, your friends will help you; when you study at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your 5 ; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do 6 , people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice those things, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not 7 as money; it is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t 8 with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor or you have bad luck. 9 the saying goes: Life is like a revolving(轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的)door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and 10 person.
| ( )1.A.have | B.has | C.with | D.without |
| ( )2.A.who | B.whom | C.which | D.whose |
| ( )3.A.lone | B.alone | C.lonely | D.happy |
| ( )4.A.happy | B.in trouble | C.free | D.trouble |
| ( )5.A.health | B.healthy | C.study | D.knowledge |
| ( )6.wrong anything | B.anything wrong | C.wrong something | D.something wrong |
| ( )7.same | B.the same | C.different | D.difference |
| ( )8.buy | B.bought | C.be bought | D.to be bought |
| ( )9.As | B.Which | C.For | D.To |
| ( )10.A.luck | B.lucky | C.luckily | D.luckly |
(五)
Every summer, not only boys and men but also girls and women try to swim fromEnglandtoFranceor fromFrancetoEngland. The distance(距離)at the 1 point is about 20 miles, but because the waves are very 2 , the distance that swimmers must 3 is usually more than twice as far.
Captain Web was the first man to cross the English Channel betweenEnglandandFrance. That was in August 1875. The Englishman stepped into the water from a 4 at Dover inEngland. He 5 21hours in crossing the English Channel and at last 6 the French mainland. Since then many swimmers have crossed the English Channel and made time much 7 . In 1960 a Canadian crossed in 10 hours and 23 minutes.
Because the sea is usually 8 , swimmers cover their bodies with grease(動(dòng)物油脂).This helps them to keep the cold out. They can also 9 something, because some men go with them in small 10 .
( )1.A.nearest B.fastest C.tallest D.highest
( )2.A.smal B.strong C.short D.good
l( )3.A.ride B.run C.walk D.swim
( )4.A.beach B.house C.train D.room
( )5.A.took B.spent C.finished D.paid
( )6.A.got B.arrived C.left D.reached
( )7.A.longer B.shorter C.easier D.faster
( )8.A.warm B.hot C.cold D.dark
( )9.A.buy B.eat C.sell D.borrow
( )10.A.trains B.cars C.buses D.boats
答案：
完形填空(一)1—5 ACCBB 6—10 DABDB
完形填空(二) 1—5 BCDAB 6—10 ACCCA
完形填空(三) 1—5 ADCAB 6—10 DACCA
完形填空(四) 1—5 CACBA 6—10 DBCAB
完形填空(五)1—5 ABDAB 6—10 DBCBD
1.