中考補(bǔ)全對(duì)話題解題方法和技巧
“補(bǔ)全對(duì)話”通常是在某個(gè)情景交際場(chǎng)景中,補(bǔ)全對(duì)上句問題的回答或者是補(bǔ)全下句所回答問題的提問。常見的考查類型有:填寫單詞補(bǔ)全對(duì)話;填寫句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話;選單詞或短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話;選句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。下面就是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的中考補(bǔ)全對(duì)話題解題方法和技巧,希望大家喜歡!
(一)填寫單詞補(bǔ)全對(duì)話
中考實(shí)例:
(2015年南寧卷)請(qǐng)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容,在下面的空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~,使對(duì)話完整與正確。每空一詞。
A: Wake up, Mum! Smoke! There is a fire in the kitchen.
B: Oh, my God! 81 the fire station right now.
A: What should we do 82 the firemen arrive?
B: Stay calm. Wet a towel (毛巾) and 83
your mouth with it. And keep 84 of the fires.
A: OK! Can we take a lift?
B: Of course 85 , baby! Come on! This way, downstairs!
A: Look, Mum! Here come the firemen! Were safe now.
試題解析:
通讀全文可以了解,本段對(duì)話考查的交際項(xiàng)目是“火災(zāi)消防”。其中設(shè)空處都與“火災(zāi)中怎樣自救”有關(guān)。
81. 根據(jù)句意可知此處是祈使句。根據(jù)上句“There is a fire in the kitchen.”的語(yǔ)境可知,此處應(yīng)該是立刻打電話報(bào)警。答案為Call。
82. 此句是特殊疑問句。句意為:在消防員到來(lái)之前我們應(yīng)該做什么?答案為before。
83. 此處用的是祈使句。句意為:保持冷靜,把毛巾弄濕,用它把嘴捂上。答案為cover。
84. 短語(yǔ)keep out of ... 意為“使不進(jìn)入,置身……之外,躲開”。答案為out。
85. 根據(jù)上文“This way, downstairs!”得知,這里指“當(dāng)然不要(乘電梯)”。答案為not。
(二)填寫句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話
中考實(shí)例:
(2015年長(zhǎng)沙卷)情景交際 閱讀下面的對(duì)話,根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)全對(duì)話內(nèi)容。
A: Hey, Frank! 71. _______________?
B: Pretty good.
A: Did you have fun last weekend?
B: 72. _______________. I went to the old peoples house with my friends and had a good time.
A: Wow! What did you do there?
B: We helped the old clean their houses and chatted with them. How about you?
A: I just read a science magazine.
B: Oh, really? 73. _________________?
A: Hum ... it is about the main causes of smog (霧霾) and ways to beat it.
B: Great! But 74. __________________?
A: We can live a greener life by using cleaner energy to solve the problem, I think.
B: You do?
A: Yes, natural gas is a good choice. By the way, 75. ___________________?
B: Its 7:45 now.
A: Oh, God. Hurry up or well be late.
B: OK.
試題解析:
通讀全文可知,本段對(duì)話考查的內(nèi)容側(cè)重學(xué)習(xí)生活、時(shí)事的討論,其場(chǎng)景貼近生活實(shí)際,體現(xiàn)了中考英語(yǔ)越來(lái)越注重考查實(shí)際運(yùn)用能力的趨勢(shì)。
71. 根據(jù)下文“Pretty good!”可知,此空應(yīng)是詢問對(duì)方最近的情況。答案為How is it going。
72. 上文是一般疑問句,詢問“你上個(gè)周末玩得高興嗎”,根據(jù)下文had a good time可知,此處為肯定回答。答案為Yes (, I did)。
73. 根據(jù)上文“I just read a science magazine.”和下文“... it is about the main causes of smog (霧霾)”可知,此空格提問的內(nèi)容是“這本科學(xué)雜志是關(guān)于哪方面的”。答案為What is it about。
74. 根據(jù)答句“We can live a greener life by ...”可知,此處應(yīng)該填一個(gè)由how引導(dǎo)的詢問方式的特殊疑問句。答案為how can we live a greener life或how to live a greener life。
75. 根據(jù)答句“Its 7:45 now.”可知,此題是在詢問時(shí)間,故答案為what time is it now或whats the time now。
(三)選擇單詞和短語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話
中考實(shí)例:
(2015年南京卷)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容,從下面方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空,使對(duì)話內(nèi)容完整正確。
[why hottest each other washing away
similar to ]
A: Guess what? Im going to Chiang Mai next week.
B: Wow, sounds like fun! But I believe that April is the 51 month of the year there.
A: Yes, thats true. But theres a water festival there from April 13th to 15th.
B: I wonder if its 52 the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province.
A: Yes, I think so. This is the time of the Thai New Year. People go on the streets to throw water at 53 .
B: Cool! But 54 do they do that?
A: Because the new year is a time for cleaning and 55 bad things. Then youll have good luck in the new year.
試題解析:
通讀全文,該段對(duì)話以“潑水節(jié)”為話題。題目共設(shè)有5個(gè)空格,備選詞語(yǔ)也剛好5組。只要我們能讀懂大意,做這道題不會(huì)太難。
51. 對(duì)話開頭談到“下星期我要到(泰國(guó))清邁去”,此空前面是定冠詞the,后面的單詞month是名詞。句意為:但我相信四月是那里一年中最熱的月份。故答案為hottest。
52. 句意為:我想知道這與云南傣族的潑水節(jié)是否相似。答案為similar to,意為“與……相似”。
53. 句意為:人們走在街上互相潑水。答案為each other,意為“彼此、互相”。
54. 此句是特殊疑問句,根據(jù)下文“Because the new year is ...”可知,答案為why。
55. and前后是并列關(guān)系,根據(jù)cleaning 可知,答案為washing away。句意為:因?yàn)樾履晔谴驋吆拖此⒌舨缓玫臇|西的時(shí)機(jī)。
(四)選擇句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話
選擇句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話一般是7選5,即對(duì)話內(nèi)容設(shè)5個(gè)空,對(duì)話后的方框中給出7個(gè)選項(xiàng),其中有2個(gè)選項(xiàng)是多余的。有的試卷中這種題型采用“5選5”的模式(如2015年婁底卷);也有的采用“10選8”的模式(如2015年哈爾濱卷)。
中考實(shí)例:
(2015年安徽卷)根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容,從方框內(nèi)的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),其中有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
A: It is such a lovely day. I love sunshine.
B: 66
A: I hope it stays like this.
B: 67
A: Is the weather usually like this here?
B: A bit hotter than today.
A: 68
B: Its pretty cold and it often snows in winter. 69
A: A lot like the weather here, not too hot or cold.
B: I heard it rains a lot. 70
A: Mmm, yes. It rains but not any more than other places.
[A. I hope so, too.
B. Whats the weather like in winter?
C. Is that true?
D. I dont think so.
E. Thank you for your kindness.
F. Yes, its really a nice and bright day.
G. What about your hometown?]
試題解析:
通讀全文可知,此段對(duì)話是以“天氣”為話題展開交流。
66. 根據(jù)上文句意“多好的天氣!我喜歡陽(yáng)光”可知,答案為F。句意為:是的,這真是美好而晴朗的一天。
67. 根據(jù)上文句意“我希望天氣一直這樣”可知答案為A。句意為:我也希望如此。
68. 根據(jù)下文“冬天相當(dāng)冷,經(jīng)常下雪”可知,上文需要選擇一個(gè)詢問“冬天天氣情況”的疑問句,答案為B。句意為:冬天的天氣怎么樣?
69. 根據(jù)后文句意“很像這里的天氣,既不太冷也不太熱”可知,這一句應(yīng)該是詢問對(duì)方家鄉(xiāng)的天氣情況,答案為G。句意為:你的家鄉(xiāng)天氣怎么樣呢?
70. 根據(jù)后文“Mmm, yes.”可知,這一句是一般疑問句,結(jié)合前一句“我聽說(shuō)經(jīng)常下雨”可知答案為C。句意為:是真的嗎?
〈〈〈返回目錄
(一)通覽全文,確定話題
首先通讀對(duì)話,了解對(duì)話的基本內(nèi)容和交際情景,確定此題目屬于哪一類交流話題,如打電話、問路、購(gòu)物、看病、邀請(qǐng)、約會(huì)、就餐、談?wù)撓埠玫?,這些不同的場(chǎng)景有其特定的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式和慣用句式。做題時(shí)應(yīng)該運(yùn)用相關(guān)的常用句式,這樣才會(huì)得心應(yīng)手。
(二)結(jié)合語(yǔ)境,逐句推敲
在弄清楚話題的基礎(chǔ)上,要細(xì)讀對(duì)話,充分利用已知的有效信息,摸清對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、人物的身份等。要注意對(duì)話中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)(如問號(hào)、句號(hào)、省略號(hào)、感嘆號(hào)等)暗示的意思,由易到難,逐層深入,先將有把握的答案確定下來(lái),暫時(shí)放下不能確定下來(lái)的答案,然后回過頭來(lái)再解決難題。如果是選擇題,則在選擇過程中注意把已選出的選項(xiàng)劃去,避免重復(fù)選擇帶來(lái)的錯(cuò)誤。
(三)瞻前顧后,通盤考慮
要從整體理解對(duì)話出發(fā),依照上下文的關(guān)系來(lái)考慮補(bǔ)缺單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。因此一定要注意前后照應(yīng),密切關(guān)注上下文之間的關(guān)系。如在看病時(shí),上句問“Whats the matter with you?”或“Whats wrong with you?”,下句就應(yīng)該是“I have got a cough / headache / cold ...”等,這樣前后對(duì)照,才能使上下文相呼應(yīng)。
(四)復(fù)讀對(duì)話,核對(duì)答案
做完之后,再將整段對(duì)話通讀一遍,看看對(duì)話是否通順、流暢、自然,單詞的拼寫是否有誤,語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)搭配是否正確,全篇對(duì)話是否連貫、流暢,內(nèi)容是否清晰,前后意思是否矛盾,書寫是否工整、規(guī)范。
三、備考建議
補(bǔ)全對(duì)話是近年來(lái)中考考查的熱點(diǎn),其考查的內(nèi)容和形式越來(lái)越豐富,試題的綜合性明顯增強(qiáng),涉及的知識(shí)面也越來(lái)越廣,包括西方國(guó)家的風(fēng)土人情、文化等。建議同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)過程中做好以下幾點(diǎn):
(一)重溫課本
牢固掌握初中英語(yǔ)教材中出現(xiàn)的30個(gè)交流項(xiàng)目以及它們各自特定的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式和慣用句型。如對(duì)購(gòu)物、打電話、問路、看病等有關(guān)話題要反復(fù)練習(xí)。
(二)掌握固定句式和用法
熟練掌握常見句式,最好能完全背誦下來(lái),雖然試題中的補(bǔ)全對(duì)話有變化,但基本上都不會(huì)脫離課文中對(duì)話的原形。
(三)加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練
在掌握話題與句式的基礎(chǔ)上,同學(xué)們要有針對(duì)性地做一些練習(xí)題,靈活應(yīng)用所學(xué)句式來(lái)解決實(shí)際問題,不斷提高語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用的能力。
〈〈〈返回目錄
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