英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句與必背英語(yǔ)句型
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句與必背英語(yǔ)句型
如何輕松搞定長(zhǎng)難句? 想必各位同學(xué)都聽(tīng)過(guò) 長(zhǎng)難句 , 也深知長(zhǎng)難句是寫作高分亮點(diǎn), 如何學(xué)好英語(yǔ)?小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，快來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)吧!
英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句分析之基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法
名詞性從句之名詞性從句
主語(yǔ)從句可以按其引導(dǎo)詞的不同分為三類：
第一類,用從屬連詞that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,例如：
That we shall be late is certain.
That the driver could not control his car was obvious.
這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是對(duì)that 從句的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),屬正式文體,連詞that 不可以省略;但是在一般情況下,往往使用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu),即用it 作形式主語(yǔ),而把that 從句放到后面,這時(shí),在口語(yǔ)中,連詞that 有時(shí)則可以省略.所以上述兩句可以改為：
It is certain that we shall be late.
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
如果整個(gè)句子是疑問(wèn)形式,就只能用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu),例如：
Is it true that he would take the risk?
Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?
常使用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu),用that 從句作主語(yǔ)的句子有下列幾個(gè)句型：
1、It + be + 形容詞+ that 從句：
It is clear that he was telling the truth.
It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.
2、It + be + 名詞詞組+ that 從句：
It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.
3、It + 及物動(dòng)詞+ 賓語(yǔ)+ that 從句：
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.
It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.
4、It + be + 過(guò)去分詞+ that 從句：
It is said that he has been there many times.
5、It + seem/happen/appear 等不及物動(dòng)詞+ that 從句：
It seems that he has lost something.
注意：
在上述第1 和第2 兩種句型中,that 從句前置與使用先行it,that 從句后置在意義上沒(méi)有什么差異;但使用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu)較為常見(jiàn).
在第3 種句型中,that 從句前置在語(yǔ)法上是可能的,但實(shí)際上并不常見(jiàn),通?？偸鞘褂孟刃衖t 結(jié)構(gòu).
第4 種句型實(shí)質(zhì)上是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),由于that 從句不可以位于句首作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ),所以只能使用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu).
第5 種句型已經(jīng)形成了固定的搭配關(guān)系,that 從句不能前置,只能使用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu),不過(guò),這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為帶有不定式的簡(jiǎn)單句,例如：
It happened that I had no money with me that day.
→ I happened to have no money with me that day.
第二類,用連接代詞who、whose、which、what,連接副詞when、where、how、why,以及連詞whether(或if)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,例如：
Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.
→ It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.
What he did is not yet known.
→ It is not yet known what he did.
Whether it is true remains a problem.
→ It remains a problem whether / if it is true.
從以上例句可以看出,這類主語(yǔ)從句可以直接放在句首作主語(yǔ),也可以使用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu),把主語(yǔ)從句放在后面,兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可以互換,意義上無(wú)差異,但用if 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能采取先行it 結(jié)構(gòu),也就是說(shuō)if 不可以引導(dǎo)置于句首的主語(yǔ)從句.
第三類,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever 等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,例如：
What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.
Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.
這類從句一般相當(dāng)于帶有定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞詞組,即在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞加上一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,例如：
What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.
→ The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.
Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.
→ Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished.
切記,這類主語(yǔ)從句不可以使用先行it 結(jié)構(gòu).
上述第二類主語(yǔ)從句與第三類主語(yǔ)從句盡管在形式上十分相似,但實(shí)際上是不同的.第二類結(jié)構(gòu)中用連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的從句系由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),以whether/if 引導(dǎo)的從句系由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),自然含有疑問(wèn)的意味,例如：
When they will have the sports meet is still a question.
→ When will they have the sports meet?
Who he is doesn’t concern me.
→ Who is he?
Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.
→ Will he join us?
而第三類結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句則沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)的意味.
試比較下列各句：
?、?What caused the accident is a complete mystery.
?、?What caused the accident was a broken bottle.
?、?What she looks like doesn’t matter.
?、?What she’d like is a digital watch.
上述各句中盡管都有一個(gè)以what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,但其意義不盡相同;第①和③句中的主語(yǔ)從句系由“What caused
the accident?”和“What does she look like?”轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),所以可以改成：
It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.
It doesn’t matter what she looks like.
第②④句中的主語(yǔ)從句含義分別為“The thing that caused the accident”和“The thing which she’d like”,所以不含疑問(wèn)意味,因此不可以說(shuō)：
It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.
It is a digital watch what she’d like.
但是可以說(shuō)：
It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.
It is a digital watch that she’d like.
不過(guò),這已不是主語(yǔ)從句,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)了.
學(xué)好初中英語(yǔ)的必背句型
句型31：keep sb. / sth. +adj/doing/介詞短語(yǔ)/adv
You must keep your room clean.
你們必須保持房間干凈。
Sorry to have kept you waiting.
對(duì)不起，讓你久等。
Can you keep her in the room ?
你能讓她在這個(gè)房里嗎?
Keep them there.
讓她們?cè)谀莾捍糁?/p>
句型32：find +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)
He finds it very hard to travel around the big city .
他發(fā)現(xiàn)要環(huán)游這個(gè)大城市是很難的。
句型33：... not ... any more/ longer
The old man doesn't travel any more.
這位老人不再旅行了。
He isn't a thief any longer.
他不再是個(gè)賊。
句型34：What’s the weather like...?
What's the weather like in spring in your hometown ?
你們家鄉(xiāng)春天天氣怎么樣?
句型35：There is no time to do sth;sb have no time to do sth
There was no time to think.
沒(méi)有時(shí)間思考。
I have no time to go home for lunch.
我沒(méi)有時(shí)間回家吃午飯。
句型36：Help oneself to...
Help yourself to some fish.
吃魚(yú)吧!
句型37：used to do sth
I used to read this kind of story books.
我過(guò)去常讀這種故事書。
句型38：borrow ... from...
I borrowed an English book from him.
我從他那借了一本英語(yǔ)書。
句型39：lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.
He lent me a story book=He lent a story book to me.
他借我一本故事書。
句型40：have been to...
Have you ever been to CHINA?
你曾去過(guò)中國(guó)嗎?
句型41：have gone to...
Where's he?He's gone to China.
他在哪兒?他去中國(guó)了。
句型42：be famous for...
Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.
夏威夷以它美麗的海灘而出名。
句型43：No matter +疑問(wèn)句+主句
No matter when you come，you are welcomed.
無(wú)論你們什么時(shí)候來(lái)，都受歡迎。
句型44：be afraid of / to do / that...
I'm afraid not.
恐怕不能。
Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.
當(dāng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)不要害怕犯錯(cuò)誤。
句型45：... as ... as possible;... as ... as sb can
I hope to see him as soon as possible.
我希望能盡快見(jiàn)到他。
He ran here as fast as he could.
他盡最大努力跑到這兒。
句型46：practise / enjoy / finish doing
A young man practised speaking English with Mr Brown.
一個(gè)年青人和布朗先生練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。
Tom enjoys playing football very much.
湯姆很喜歡踢足球。
He finished reading the story book.
他看完了那本故事書。
句型47：It’s said that ...
It’s said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.
據(jù)說(shuō)最危險(xiǎn)的鯊魚(yú)之一是大白鯊。
句型48：Not all / everyone ...
Not all birds are alike.
并不是所有的鳥(niǎo)都一樣。
句型49：be based on
His argument is based on facts.
他的論斷是以事實(shí)為根據(jù)的。
句型50：... so that ...
They got up early so that they could catch the eraly bus.
為了能趕上早班車，她們?cè)缭缇推鸫擦恕?/p>
句型51：be+num. +metres / kilometres / years...+long / wide / deep / high / old...
The Great Green Wall is 7，000 kilometres long.
綠色長(zhǎng)城長(zhǎng)7000公里。
The river is about 2 metres deep.
這條河大約有2米深。
The boy is about 12 years old .
這個(gè)男孩約12歲。
句型52：keep ... from doing
The heavy rain kept us from starting out.
大雨阻止了我們出發(fā)。
句型53：with one’s help...
With your help，I've come to Nanjing to study further. 在你的幫助下，我來(lái)南京深造。
句型54：I don’t think ...
I don't think any of them is important.
我不認(rèn)為他們中任何一個(gè)是重要的。
句型55：What’s the population of ...?
What's the population of Nanjing ?
南京人口有多少?
句型56：prefer to do … rather than do
They prefer to buy a new one rather than repair it.
他們更喜歡買一輛新車，而不愿去修理它。
句型57：be worth (doing) …
This book is worth reading.
這本書值得讀。
句型58：regard … as...
We regard him as a real friends of us.
我們把他看做一位真正的朋友。
句型59：be confident of
He is confident of getting the first place.
他對(duì)拿第一有信心。
句型60：be angry with / about / at(doing)
We are all very angry with ourselves.
我們都很生自己的氣。
I was angry about his decision to build a factory here.
我很生氣他決定把工廠建在這兒。
I was angry at being kept waiting.
這樣一直等我很生氣。
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