馬云在IT領(lǐng)袖峰會上的演講

　　馬云是是聞名國際的優(yōu)秀商人，阿里巴巴集團主要創(chuàng)始人，現(xiàn)擔(dān)任阿里巴巴集團董事局主席、日本軟銀董事，同時也關(guān)注國內(nèi)的教育事業(yè)，很有前瞻目光。下面小編來分享一些馬云的優(yōu)秀演講稿，希望能對小伙伴們有用。

　　馬云IT領(lǐng)袖峰會上不談AI：未來都是MI

　　過去九年，深圳的IT領(lǐng)袖峰會給業(yè)界很多的思考，其實我是一個老師出身，所以我“胡說八道”的時間多一點，機會多一點，我的職責(zé)，因為我不是技術(shù)人員，我也不是商業(yè)人員，我的職責(zé)是利用我過去所有的思考、經(jīng)歷和資源，把所有問題跟大家分享一下。

　　我的講話不一定是對，但是只希望給大家一些思考，這些觀點，我在2000年到2005年，在廣東至少做兩百場的交流，請了很多小企業(yè)家，包括很多零售行業(yè)，講了電子商務(wù)對零售行業(yè)的沖擊，那時候我覺得相信我們的人并不多，當(dāng)時零售行業(yè)的人笑話我們，覺得不可能被沖擊掉的。人工智能、大數(shù)據(jù)，不管怎么暢想，人類想象力都是有限的，你覺得未來是這個樣子，其實未來并不是這個樣子。我在這兒講一些我一直堅信的觀點，未來二十年是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的時代，未來三十年將會成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的時代，社會的變革，各行各業(yè)的速度，變革的速度會越來越快。不管你高興也好、罵人也好，喜歡也好，未來的三十年變化遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過大家想象。

　　現(xiàn)在大家罵實體經(jīng)濟，都在罵經(jīng)濟不好，其實實體經(jīng)濟從來沒有好過，說企業(yè)難做，企業(yè)從來沒有好做過，十年以前也不太好做，實體經(jīng)濟都在講由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)沖擊，其實也只有中國絕大部分的實體經(jīng)濟，或者說絕大部分的制造業(yè)都在罵互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，在美國、歐洲，大家所有做得不好的企業(yè)，都在問自己這個問題。大家思考一下，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不是替罪羊，不應(yīng)該成為替罪羊，大家都應(yīng)該思考，如何應(yīng)該利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，把這些東西做得更好。前兩天我聽見線上線下不公平，需要線上線下征稅一樣，其實線上線下征稅公平不公平，這是一個偽命題，本質(zhì)上是大企業(yè)和小企業(yè)。我從來沒有看見一家線上的大企業(yè)不交稅，只要做到一定程度都征稅，今天不要盯上這些小企業(yè)交了多少稅，而是應(yīng)該盯上這些小企業(yè)有沒有賺錢，有沒有利潤，有沒有活下來，今天不要看互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對你這個行業(yè)有多大的沖擊，而是要思考，你如何運用好互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

　　未來在十年以內(nèi)，會加速五個行業(yè)的變革，有人說我“胡說八道”，我反正一直“胡說八道”，再說一遍也無所謂。

　　第一零售變成為新零售，新零售是線上線下物流的變革，以前你講電子商務(wù)多么重要，現(xiàn)在怎么又不講電子商務(wù)不重要，電子商務(wù)在未來五年內(nèi)依舊高速增長，但是我們要思考十年以后會怎么樣。其實我花很多時間去思考一個問題，我創(chuàng)業(yè)的時候在想，我沒有積累，我爸也沒錢，我爸沒官，我也沒有一個有銀行工作的舅舅，我也沒有今天所謂的資源。既沒有積累，也沒有資源，你唯一思考就是對未來的判斷，大家判斷十年以后會怎么樣，誰對未來的判斷越準(zhǔn)確，然后你按照這條路走下去，才有贏的可能性。

　　我們做企業(yè)到今天為止思考，五年以內(nèi)電商會很好，十年以后呢，純電商會很艱難，線下零售也會很艱難，所以新零售實際上要把線上線下物流整合一起思考，要考慮的問題，以后的零售不是思考學(xué)會怎么賣東西，而是學(xué)會怎么去服務(wù)好你的客戶。其實在美國的傳統(tǒng)零售做得不錯的，絕大部分都是學(xué)會如何去服務(wù)好你的客戶，而不是學(xué)會賣東西。我們在過去的十年以內(nèi)，傳統(tǒng)零售各種各樣的促銷的想的任何方法，就是怎么賣東西。所以從賣東西走向服務(wù)別人是巨大的變革。

　　新制造，未來的制造行業(yè)已經(jīng)不是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)模化，而是定制化和智能化。在廣東我可以這么講，廣東制造業(yè)在未來十年十五年，會受到的沖擊遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過長江三角洲，因為這兒一直以來以加工、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、定制化、流水線，這要引起高度重視。我前幾年就在上海講，上海的淮海路、南京路的零售行業(yè)一定要面臨未來的挑戰(zhàn)，零售行業(yè)的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　今天廣東的制造業(yè)一定會面臨未來的新制造的挑戰(zhàn)，也就是個性化、定制化、智慧化成為未來的時候，你原來的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、流水線、集裝箱，一切都會成為麻煩。所以大家知道這個智慧化有一個很重要的一點，以前手機本來就是打電話，裝上操作系統(tǒng)以后，手機打電話的功能不到20%，那么假設(shè)汽車裝進了操作系統(tǒng)，交通的作用也到不了20%。

　　新金融，金融沖擊也會越來越大，傳統(tǒng)金融解決的是二八問題，傳統(tǒng)金融在中國特別明顯，金融機構(gòu)只要服務(wù)好20%的大企業(yè)、國有企業(yè)、外資企業(yè)就行了，所以80%的消費者、小企業(yè)，第一他也不需要去管理，做也不一定做得好，因為要技術(shù)。新金融解決八二問題，也就是解決80%消費者和中小企業(yè)，如何能夠解決我們經(jīng)常在討論的小企業(yè)拿不到錢，我覺得今天在印度，我們用了我們的螞蟻金服的技術(shù)，在短短的一兩年內(nèi)，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有兩億的印度人用手機開始開設(shè)了賬戶，進行支付，今天在中國也一樣，支付寶和微信支付對整個中國支付行業(yè)的沖擊是非常之大，創(chuàng)新也非常之大。所以新金融會越來越大。

　　第四是新技術(shù)，核心技術(shù)未來將不會圍繞以PC為主的芯片也好、PC的操作系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)庫，都會重新顛覆，我一直覺得我們不應(yīng)該彎道超車，而是換道超車，彎道超車十超九翻，你要想在彎道超車的可能性真不是太大，我要在前面你想超，沒機會，只有在另外的道上超車才有可能，根據(jù)大數(shù)據(jù)、移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，在整個未來的云計算、移動操作系統(tǒng)，移動的所有智能芯片，人工智能上面，中國是有機會的。但PC領(lǐng)域里面，我認(rèn)為還是很有難度。

　　最后是新能源，第一次技術(shù)革命的能源是煤，第二次技術(shù)革命的能源是石油，第三次技術(shù)革命的能源主要是數(shù)據(jù)。所以社會的變革會越來越大，每一次技術(shù)的變革都是就業(yè)的變革，所以大家知道，前幾天這個不是笑話，杭州有兩個搶劫犯，連搶三個超市，最后只搶到1800塊錢人民幣，還被抓起來了，杭州大家支付都是用支付寶，沒有人在商場、超市里面這么用現(xiàn)金。在龍翔橋門口的一個乞丐

　　放了一個二維碼，可以用二維碼給錢，要飯都要用二維碼了。對于新技術(shù)的漠視、無視，會搶奪了你的就業(yè)，技術(shù)創(chuàng)造無數(shù)就業(yè)。

　　上一次技術(shù)革命1870年，在美國的農(nóng)民占50%，大家知道一百年過去了，現(xiàn)在美國的農(nóng)民只占2%，中國房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)，大家知道發(fā)展，雇傭了成千上萬的農(nóng)民工，但是最近你們發(fā)現(xiàn)這兩年，我們以前老是擔(dān)心城里農(nóng)民工怎么辦，房地產(chǎn)沒了，農(nóng)民工去了哪里，去了快遞。

　　所以解決了社會巨大的問題，深圳也一樣，深圳發(fā)展過程中，每個城市都有民工很多，地產(chǎn)突然沒有，這幫人沒有回到農(nóng)村去，他們?nèi)チ丝爝f，當(dāng)然也有回去的。

　　另外一點，很多的技術(shù)活，很多你認(rèn)為真是絕活、技術(shù)活，很多的白領(lǐng)都沒有了，大家都在講哎呀，大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算，那數(shù)據(jù)分析師將來是不是很有活，我告訴大家，十年以后沒有數(shù)據(jù)分析師這個職業(yè)了。我也這么覺得，我在五年前跟公司內(nèi)部，我們啟動了一個項目叫ET項目，我們認(rèn)為未來的機器會比人越來越聰明，三十年以后，時代雜志封面本年度最佳CEO是一個機器人。這個你信也好，不信也好，它都會開始起來的。如果你的技術(shù)不能讓這個世界更加普惠、更加公平，如果你的公司的技術(shù)不能讓你的這個社會的經(jīng)濟能夠更加持久，如果你的技術(shù)不能讓人類更加快樂、更加健康，我認(rèn)為你的技術(shù)沒有多大意義。

　　以前我們創(chuàng)業(yè)要靠資源，要有錢，要有關(guān)系，未來你要創(chuàng)業(yè)，是問你有沒有技術(shù)、你有沒有數(shù)據(jù)、你有沒有創(chuàng)新，所以這是我的看法。另外一點，在座所有企業(yè)家，要記住，其實王健林跟我打過一個賭，線上多還是線下多，現(xiàn)在我覺得這個賭沒有多大意義。因為過去我們把企業(yè)家稱為entrepreneurs，未來我們稱企業(yè)家為nentrepreneurs，沒有任何一個企業(yè)可以完全脫離互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，過去我們說電是高科技，誰說電是高科技，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以后不是高科技，這是所有的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，所有行業(yè)必須要用的。所以與其你今天還嘮嘮叨叨罵這個東西，還不如調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)槍頭，趕緊讓員工多花點時間在這兒。未來三十年，這個世界不屬于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司，而是屬于那些用好互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的公司。

　　過去如果是BAT，BAT不能把技術(shù)、資源、能力、人才普惠化，BAT會越來越小，只有把自己的技術(shù)變成一種普惠的技術(shù)，才有可能起來，所以我還是想未來的三十年，不是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的時代，而是用好互聯(lián)網(wǎng)公司的時代。網(wǎng)商也一樣，它不是一種形態(tài)的改變，而是一種思想的深化，大家知道未來你服務(wù)的客戶絕大部分都在網(wǎng)上，今天網(wǎng)上80%的消費者都是八零后，再過幾年，九零后、二零零零后基本上都是在網(wǎng)上。所以你已經(jīng)沒有可能，我們現(xiàn)在還有一大波的人都是在線下的，五十歲、六十歲以上的人，有一個領(lǐng)導(dǎo)以前跟我講，我從來不上網(wǎng)、從來不購物，我說這不是什么時髦的事情，更不是什么時尚的事情。我以前講只有平下中農(nóng)、沒有文化的人才可以當(dāng)黨支部書記一樣，這沒有什么驕傲的，必須學(xué)習(xí)，再過二十年三十年，我們面對所有的客戶出生下來就是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。

　　我們公司提到的兩句話，一切業(yè)務(wù)數(shù)據(jù)化，第二句話是一切數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)化，一切業(yè)務(wù)不是基于數(shù)據(jù)的，忘掉，別做了，所有數(shù)據(jù)必須業(yè)務(wù)化，一切數(shù)據(jù)必須業(yè)務(wù)化，只有這樣才能迎接這個時代，我們比任何一家公司都擔(dān)驚受怕，如履薄冰，我們必須強迫改變昨天成功的模式。所以未來的企業(yè)家是一種開放的胸懷，必須要有利他的精神，還有責(zé)任感，更要有全球化眼光。其實現(xiàn)在國內(nèi)全球化和國際化也搞糊涂了，國際化是一種能力，全球化是一種格局，國際化不是在國外開了兩個工廠，你會講幾句英文就有國際化視野了，國際化是一種能力，全球化是一種格局，全球化你要為當(dāng)?shù)貏?chuàng)造價值，你到當(dāng)?shù)厝?，不是因為他有便宜的勞動力，不是因為他?dāng)?shù)赜斜阋说馁Y源，而是去當(dāng)?shù)貏?chuàng)造獨特的價值，使當(dāng)?shù)貏?chuàng)造了更多的就業(yè)機會和稅收，只有這樣的企業(yè)，才稱之為全球化的企業(yè)。

　　未來希望大家高度關(guān)注，未來的三十年，高度關(guān)注那些低于三十名員工的公司，高度關(guān)注三十歲以下的年齡人，因為他們將成為未來三十年整個社會進步的象征。最后我們講講AI人工智能，我自己這么覺得我有不同的看法，允許我有不同看法，對不對，去年IT領(lǐng)袖峰會，我晚上參加研討會，大家把Alpha Go說得天花亂墜，很恐怖的樣子，我個人覺得So What。機器比人跑得快，大家都承認(rèn)，機器比人聰明，大家承不承認(rèn)，我覺得我們?nèi)祟惵斆鳠o非幾個，這個人背書屬于特別好，過目不忘，計算機比你厲害多了，這個人算數(shù)算得很快，計算機算得不知道比你多少快，計算機還沒有情緒。我們下圍棋本來的樂趣就是對方下一步臭棋，搞一把，結(jié)果對方臭棋也不下了，有什么意思呢。機器如果做人能夠做好的事情，不算什么，圍棋打敗了人，只是侮辱了一下人而已，機器要做的是人類做不到的事情，這才叫本事。

　　不叫artificial intelligence，應(yīng)該是Machine intelligence，機器要有自己的思考，機器要有自己的方法，汽車也是機器，但是汽車仿造人，兩條腿走路的話，永遠(yuǎn)不會跑得很快，它是通過兩條輪胎。未來的二十年、三十年，要思考怎么樣用機器的固定的一種intelligence。我在美國看了這個行業(yè)很久，我看很多學(xué)者專家，大腦神經(jīng)外科專家進入了artificial intelligence，進入了人工智能，我覺得這個有點玄乎了，我們?nèi)祟悓τ谧约捍竽X的認(rèn)識都不到3%，我們讓機器學(xué)3%。

　　我覺得人做得好的事情，機器做得好，只會讓人越來越沮喪，我們要讓機器做人做不好的事情，人創(chuàng)造不了的事情，這是我認(rèn)為在Machine intelligence上面，大家想一想，其實前景還是有很多的。所以過去人類的一百年，我們把人變成了機器，未來的一百年，我們將會把機器變成人，而這個人跟我們想象中的人是不一樣的。就像有人說外星人，外星是生物，不是人，人太自大了，覺得外星人應(yīng)該長得像我們一樣，瞎扯嘛。如果我們多花點時間在Machine intelligence上，我們真正讓機器成為人最好的Partner，而不是人最大的對手，只有這樣，人類有責(zé)任和擔(dān)當(dāng)讓機器成為人的合伙人，成為人的合作伙伴，而不是讓機器來取代，這是我們這一代的人。

　　今天是我們十五年以前人類的決定，我今天的位置是十五年以前的今天的努力，才有今天的，我們的今天，影響十五年以后、二十年以后的自己，社會也一樣發(fā)展。二十一世紀(jì)最大的能力，核心能力就是服務(wù)別人的能力，IT時代一切以強化自己為主，而DT時代是強化別人、賦能別人，讓別人越來越強大，這是DT時代。我大概是三四年前講的DT時代，前兩天美國人說你怎么那么聰明，你怎么知道DT，他們說DT是Donald Trump，我說是Data 這是兩個詞，人類進入DT時代，不是Donald Trump時代。戰(zhàn)略考慮兩個方面，一個考慮自己，一個是考慮別人，只考慮自己的不是好戰(zhàn)略，你只考慮自己，做不成拉倒，做成了，要思考別人怎么看。阿里巴巴怎么不做物流快遞，其實物流快遞我們在做，但是菜鳥只有兩千號人。

　　你想如果我們要招聘一百萬、兩百萬的快遞人員，第一真給我們招來一兩百萬快遞人員，我們公司可能管理也垮下了，第二真把別人的飯碗砸了，你說我們干嘛呢，你說聘請幾個快遞人員管理是真正的獨特的技術(shù)嗎?不是技術(shù)，獨特的服務(wù)技能應(yīng)該留給別人去干，如果你把所有的工作都干了，你做成的那一天也是你滅亡的一天。所以我覺得大家做戰(zhàn)略的時候，要準(zhǔn)備好，做不成功怎么辦，做成功了又怎么辦。未來三十年已經(jīng)不是力量的競爭、肌肉的競爭，甚至不是知識的競爭，而是服務(wù)別人能力的競爭，而是體驗的競爭，所以女人在未來的三十年將會蓬勃起來。以前我們是肌肉競爭，后來是知識競爭，現(xiàn)在是體驗競爭、感受競爭，男人和女人有差別的，男人關(guān)心自己的權(quán)力、地位、升職、加薪，女人要考慮孩子、丈夫、老公、工作，一大堆，還要把工作做好，阿里巴巴有47%的員工是女性。

　　實體虛擬經(jīng)濟之爭，全中國把互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟稱之為虛擬經(jīng)濟的，虛擬經(jīng)濟的主要主體是銀行、金融界，中國人不敢罵銀行金融界，因為一罵，你貸款就貸不到了，所以大家就罵互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，事實上虛擬經(jīng)濟的主體是金融界，另外互聯(lián)網(wǎng)不是虛擬經(jīng)濟，它是虛實結(jié)合的經(jīng)濟，因為只有這樣，才能夠讓互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟持久發(fā)展，實體經(jīng)濟還是虛擬經(jīng)濟，本來就不應(yīng)該對立的，實體經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)在難，我現(xiàn)在告訴大家，全世界都難，虛擬經(jīng)濟強，其實虛擬經(jīng)濟中垃圾也很多，實體經(jīng)濟中垃圾也很多，現(xiàn)在說不能淘汰，我覺得該淘汰的必須淘汰，不能嘰嘰歪歪，為了保護那些快死掉的，一個很大的實體經(jīng)濟，如果在二三十年，過去二三十年，居然沒有去把握互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，把握未來的時代，把握市場的變革，該死的就應(yīng)該讓它死，這些企業(yè)不死，將來的大企業(yè)死的還會多。

　　我們不能一方面說轉(zhuǎn)型升級，一方面還要對落后產(chǎn)業(yè)進行保護，這是不靠譜的。包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟也未必，我告訴大家，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟活的也不好，除了BAT以外，請大家告訴我有哪幾家企業(yè)利潤很好的，BAT為什么利潤好，不僅僅因為他們走得早，不僅僅因為他們專注，而是每家企業(yè)都有自己的核心競爭力，核心的技術(shù)，騰訊的技術(shù)，百度的技術(shù)，阿里的技術(shù)，技術(shù)才是未來真正的紅利。如果你沒有獨特的技術(shù)，靠規(guī)模、靠低成本，不管你是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)還是實體經(jīng)濟，都會倒掉。今天去思考一下，倒下去的實體經(jīng)濟，中國的實體經(jīng)濟好的也不少。實體經(jīng)濟中做得好的非常多，做得不好的也一大批，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)濟也一樣，所以我們不能怪一個行業(yè)，怪一個企業(yè)，只能是怪自己。

　　沒有利潤的企業(yè)不可能冒險，不冒險不可能做出未來的戰(zhàn)略，不冒風(fēng)險不可能起來的。還有一個，由于各種行業(yè)的變化，監(jiān)管也會變，小型企業(yè)創(chuàng)新是靠產(chǎn)品，中型企業(yè)創(chuàng)新靠技術(shù)，大型企業(yè)創(chuàng)新靠制度，一個國家，剛才朱民講了，整個國家的發(fā)展必須考慮制度的變革，任何一次創(chuàng)新，最后都必須是監(jiān)管的創(chuàng)新，必須是制度的創(chuàng)新，前兩年我去了一個世界籃球協(xié)會，籃球協(xié)會的人跟我講講是挺逗的事情，最早的時候是籃筐，球扔進去，梯子一放，拿出來，然后比賽，基本這么一干，干了很多年，十八年以后，有一個人說籃子底下的底剪掉不是很好嗎，底剪掉，球速度就快了，籃球比賽好看多了，反對的人是誰?拿梯子的人，我工作沒了，那不行，必須改革。其實籃球這個創(chuàng)新很簡單，創(chuàng)新其實沒那么復(fù)雜，但是就是把這個底剪掉花了十幾年，剪掉以后真正變成制度，那就更長了。

　　告訴大家，任何一個創(chuàng)新背后付出的代價很多，大家知道另外是1865年，英國曾經(jīng)出過一個很有意思的法案，叫做機動車法案，后來稱之為紅旗法案，就是1865年，英國的汽車出來了，所有上街砸汽車的都是馬車夫，那時候馬車夫是白領(lǐng)工人，是技術(shù)活，工作特別多，汽車出來，那還了得，必須毀了，最后通過一個機動車法案，機動車法案很重要的一條，汽車不許開得比馬車快，很重要的一點，每一個汽車?yán)锩姹仨氂腥齻€人，車?yán)锩孀鴥蓚€人，有一個人必須在五十米以外，拿一個紅旗招一下，不能超過紅旗的速度。那時候的汽車速度是6.4公里每小時，跟人跑走路差不多，目的是保護馬車的利益，然后活活的一個汽車行業(yè)被這個法案拖了下來。結(jié)果德國起來，美國干脆花了三十年時間，全力往這兒走，美國成為車輪上的國家，把握住了由汽車向石油能源的轉(zhuǎn)變。

　　大家記住，在1895年，整整三十年以后取消了這個機動車法案，今天的中國、今天的世界，有多少紅旗法案在制定中或者在醞釀之中，而且會越來越多。所以我希望人算不如天算，天算就是云計算。監(jiān)管要從人算變成計算，要更加科學(xué)、要更加著眼未來。教育也會發(fā)生巨大的變化，人工智能出現(xiàn)以后，請大家記住，教育的方法，你要去跟機器未來比誰算得快、誰算得準(zhǔn)，我們讓孩子們?nèi)ケ常覕?shù)學(xué)以前其實還是不錯的。后來我是什么數(shù)學(xué)公式，到今天都沒有用過，徹底糊涂掉了。我們未來的教育，一定要重新思考，重新思考我們的教育，以前是說服老年人，就搞定了年輕人，今天是搞定年輕人就可以搞定老年人。未來的社會不是知識的競爭，而是智慧的競爭，是體驗的競爭。智慧的競爭，我們一定要想明白讓孩子們必須去學(xué)習(xí)音樂、體育、運動、美術(shù)。音樂讓人有智慧通靈，體育運動讓人懂得團隊精神，我們讓孩子學(xué)會畫畫，有想象力，我們讓孩子懂得很多知識以外的事情。郊外的重點，未來不僅知識的傳授，重點是想象力、創(chuàng)造力和團隊精神。我們國家的教育體系在未來三十年，將會遇到重大的沖擊。

　　剛才講的朱民的這張圖如果實現(xiàn)的話，有多少人會哇哇叫，因為我們的教育方法、教育體系訓(xùn)練的是工業(yè)時代，所以教和育是兩回事，教是知識，育培養(yǎng)文化，我希望大家多去思考，我們國家在教育改革上面面對未來的大數(shù)據(jù)、云計算時代，大家講改革開放，中國促進改革開放的紅利就是來自于知識就是力量，鄧小平恢復(fù)高考，讓有知識的人先富起來，這個其實很關(guān)鍵。未來的三十年，什么是我們這個國家、這個時代所需要的，我們今天就要對孩子們進行重新培養(yǎng)。學(xué)和習(xí)也是兩個概念，學(xué)校里面學(xué)的是知識，習(xí)是不斷去想，是想象力，是文化。

　　最后有一點爭議的話題跟大家探討，我們覺得人是看得出這個營養(yǎng)不良的人，就像我一樣，看起來瘦不拉幾，非洲難民一樣，當(dāng)年稱之為東亞病夫，但是人到今天為止，我們?nèi)ニ伎歼^沒有，如果你的知識結(jié)構(gòu)不良，你的智慧不良，你的整個文化體系不良，其實是很可怕的。這才是稱之為網(wǎng)絡(luò)病夫，我們這個國家現(xiàn)在在網(wǎng)上的人越來越多了，但是體現(xiàn)出來的網(wǎng)絡(luò)病夫越來越多，網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力，不懂裝懂，水軍很多。如果我們不對這些重新補充我們的營養(yǎng)，很多重要的企業(yè)、很多重要的崗位，很多重要的位置上，如果這些人你能夠把這張圖畫出來，非洲難民，這是營養(yǎng)不良，如果你把這個人的知識文化營養(yǎng)不良的話，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們這個國家還有很多事情要做。

　　現(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力已經(jīng)變成這個狀態(tài)，但是我們在迎接走向未來的時候，我們該做一些什么，網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司該做一些什么，教育體系該做一些什么，人類的價值觀體系該做一些什么，我覺得這個可能是我想思考，也希望帶給大家的話題。也許未來二十年，我們不是網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)，因為網(wǎng)絡(luò)會把很多問題公開化，擴大化，這也把我們這個民族在過去幾十年下來，知識、文化的不平衡和缺陷所造成的東西出現(xiàn)的越來越多。

　　馬云內(nèi)羅畢大學(xué)演講稿

　　Good evening, well it's my great honor, Chancellor Minister and doctor Cucuy and the students and professors.

　　I ,I've been expecting this day to come to Africa for a long long time and this is my first day and this day inspired me a lot , and I ,I had its high expectation before I came to Africa, but even that the resulting for a whole day today is better than I expected and especially when I am a very lucky person in the past 18 years in my apartment.

　　I talked to 18 young people like me that we want to build up a company using Internet to help doing business easier to using Internet support every small business support every young people, every woman that if they have a dream , if they have some ideas , it will enable them to make the dream true and sell things sell their products all of the world that was the ninth that was year2 1999 in my apartment. Well, very few people believe that but we made it happen in only 18 years.

　　I'm a very very lucky person and people say have you ever learned business before, have you done business before? have you learned they like MBA'? now I have never learned any knowledge about how to do business,I never got even one day of training of computer,I stood out stood even to today,I don't know how computer works a lot of people challenge me, how can you run such a big ecommerce company without knowing, without knowing the anything about the knowledge without anything about the financing and marketing and I say this is because I know what people want, I know what people don't want and this is crooked where I learned that, I learned my experience of working with people.

　　when I was a student in the university, I was not a good student, that's why I really don't like a lot of a good students,I'm always like in the middle like fifteen, i never be got the number one number two in my class from primary school to university ,I filled three times for the universities and finally I got into the university ,I still tell myself, I should spend them all time not try to be the number one but try to be the number one person that can help and work with people .

　　I was elected as the chairman of the Students Union of my University and later become the students unit chairman of the students unit of whole our city, our city has over a hundred thousand students and I was the chairman of that universe of that Union, my job is to work with the people listen to the students do what I can do , this I learned how to work with people,because at that time , we don't have any money.

　　All right.

　　The only thing you want to win the respect is by supporting other people and when I graduate I learned a lot from my job my first a job, I was trained to be a high school teacher and because I was supposed to be one of the best of students in the school .so I was assigned to teaching University for six years, and I know one of the secret of being a good teacher is always a finished class five minutes earlier, no matter how wonderful your teach.

　　if you have five more minutes teaching students don't like you, if you finish here efficient and teach students and share with the students how to learn instead of putting all the knowledge in their mind writing all the all the things on the blackboard you'll never be popular.

　　I was selected as one of the best teachers in the university but one thing I learned from teachers later become a CEO is that a good teacher always expect his students to better than him, the teacher want his students be good, I want this student be a banker, that be a mayer, that be a scientist, you don't want your students ,this one bankrupted that one in jail .you always expect your students be better, this is what I learn when I become an entrepreneur, I always want to hire the good people who are smart than I am and always making sure that they are better than I am.

　　they always hope that they better than expected and if you want them better training them discipling them supporting them, so I learn a lot, the thing I learned most is being a teacher, so I call myself CEO, Chief Education Officer of the company, so in my life, I'm telling people my age I'm 53 ,in my past years and I'm always a good student, keep on learning you don't have to be the best ,but you have to know who is better than you are, and work with him and always be a good teacher a good teacher share the knowledge and expect the other people better than you are.

　　so these the two qualities that I learned and to be a CEO, so go back to this campus is always what I want, I remember 1994 ,the day when I decided to leave this College, go to do a business . my president said why you want to go do something that called Internet .there is no Internet in China at that time.

　　I've been elected as the best teachers for university for three years, everything I told my students are the things I learn from books , so if I go and build up something and then go back I can be a better teacher. this is my original thinking ,I never thought I would be rich, I asked my wife when I started my business ,I said do you want your husband to be a rich person, or to be a person that be respected she said you will never be rich.

　　she's right because nobody thought my father my parents never thought I would be rich because I don't have a gene of being rich， so even to today. Because it's true, my schoolmates my classmates my teachers my parents, nobody thought I would be rich,this guy has been failed for so many times,how can you be rich , I never thought I would be rich ,even till today people say Jack, you are one of the richest of people in China in the world ,I think this is not my money, I think, to me just I'm living the dream.

　　We have a 1 million that's your money, we have 20 million that's the problem ,you have to think about the valuationm,where should I put the money invest in the real asset or buy stocks or invest the VC , most of them they were gone,we have more than 1 billion dollars,that's the money belong to the society and people in the society trusted you can spend the money better than government ,so they give you the money and do better.

　　So I thought I have the responsibility to spend the money better more efficient ,this is this is what I did, so my wife said be a person that can be respected not be a person that be rich and this is always I want to do and I am sharing a lot of ideas for young people,how can you be successful and how not to fail and the third how can we be respected, I'm not a that person that respected a lot of people in China don't like me,because they say I've destroyed their business.

　　I never destroy anybody business ,they, normally people destroy themselves, if you want to be successful you should have a high EQ, you know IQ EQ and there's another called LQ the Q of love,if you want to be successful, you shouldn must have a high EQ, because that a person with a high EQ knows how to work with the people.

　　How to understand the people how to support people, if you do not want to fail, now a lot of people get rich quickly, and losing money quickly, because they don't have IQ, IQ is intellectual knowledge you learn when you have a good knowledge ,you know where the knowledge. I will always pursue knowledge to protect your business, protect your people and when you have high IQ but the world is very fair.most people have a high EQ normally have a low IQ ,they don't want to learn , Because they are smart. They strict smart. They don't want to be academic right.But a lot of people very academic high IQ. But they have a terrible EQ. We have seen a lot of in the university, any movie universe in the world.

　　Right?

　　The top one top one students normally have high IQ. But terrible EQ. But they never feel they got disappointed. But even if you have a high EQ and IQ. You made a lot of money,you made a fortune, or you'll be successful it become a government soup person or whatever. But you may not be respected.

　　Because you don't have a high LQ. The LQ is careful others, love the others, respect the future,respect the young people.So these are three choose that I think you will need have. So when you're a student, spend them all time taking care of the other people, joining the activities that helping people. And start spend time on learning. I think this is this is very very critical.

　　And I would say that people like me. I'm from nobody. My father was pretty poor. My mother my father and mother did the pay when I was young. They're paid put together a six dollars a month. Six no more than the late best times eight dollars.

　　They have to feed four people. My grandfather,no job, me,my brother and my sister. It was tough. And even if I failed so many times. But one thing I want to tell that share with you is that failure does never stopped me and I've trained me.

　　A lot of people failure. And then they complain oh my god nobody helped me. I don't have this.Why though people don't help me? Why I don't cannot give all of money from the banks?Why I'm not to born in a Bill Gates family? People have a lot of stupid complaints.

　　I have this stupid complain all the complaints today young people have I have done.I hated them. I complained Bill Gates. I complain Microsoft Oracle all these companies taking all of our jobs. Because we don't have chance. And later find complaint that's not a work. I learn from Mr. why people should help you, Who are you?Why people should help you?

　　Nobody help you,that is very common. People help you,that is uncommon. Those people give you the help, think about this is the trust. This is how you did well in your EQ. You because you care for people. Because you have something good. Then people start to help you.

　　I was rejected for so many times as I said this morning. over over 30 jobs apply for,rejected. I applied for a KFC. 24 people classmates went that together. 23 accepted.I was rejected. Five people went for employ,out for a job employees. Four people accepted I was failed.

　　And my cousin and I waited for two hours long queue to be the waiter of the four-star hotel in my city In a very very hot day, my cousin's score was much lower than I than mine. He was accepted and I wasl rejected. So is that a fun?No,not a fun at all.It's very painful. But I get used to it. Everybody,remember you have to get used to failure. If you cannot get used to failure. Just like a boxing, If you cannotbe get used to be hit.how can you win? So I get used to that.

　　And today I'm surely experienced with a lot of entrepreneurs. I've got a Hupan University training entrepreneurs. The thing we teach the entrepreneurs are different from Harvard MBA. The MBA teaching everybody successful stories. When you read to many successful stories. People got crazy.

　　You think I can be successful. When you share a lot of famous stories. You learn. So I when I start Alibaba. I give famous stories cases to every of our cup my colleagues. Let them read it. Let them discuss it.

　　No matter how smart you are in your business. In your way,you will make the same mistake again again. The way we teach share the failure story, not one to you to avoid mistakes, is teach you how to face the mistakes when you're in trouble.

　　So as young people,in our life there's always opportunity. There is always chance,there is always a failure. The thing is how you survive from failures. When you're rejected,how you survive from that. This is I learned.

　　I even to today, People say, Jack,you are probably one of the most influential people. Anything you want to do,you can do it. No,not of support cannot do a lot of things.

　　I feel and I worry much more than I was nineteen ninety five. Or very much more when I 1999 when I build up my company. Because at that time I only worry,take care for eighteen people. Today we have fifty six thousand people in our company Today .

　　When we start to do business, I tell you this the the interesting story. People say how can I do ecommerce. Because nobody 1999 year 2000. While for nobody believed that they can buy and sell things online.

　　Nobody trusted it.You don't have our money.You don't have a credit rating system.You don't have a payment. you don't have a logistic. You don't have the internet. The internet speed was so slow.

　　But look at the Kenya when I arrived yesterday. the speed,oh my god,I have never seen such a lecture speed. But rather than America. But I bet a lot of people still complain to speed.

　　Right?

　　Because those people love to complain, They complain all their lives. The speed back,nothing. the government is not ready and Dunkel sometimes ,not sometimes, most of the times, if the government did not know what's going on ,it's the opportunity ,if you're people around you does not agree with you , that's the opportunity. if everybody loved it, if everyone wanted to do it. there's no opportunity for you , because the other people smarter than you are.

　　So I would say nobody using trust internet, and I told 18 founders, I say I believe Internet will be the future, I believe China will have ecommerce, because they say then there is no payment ,we say let's build a payment and there's no logistics .let's build logisitics and there's no government support. Let's say it's good they will support us someday ,When we launch the Tmall Taobao year in 2003,very interesting I have a seven people I say guys tomorrow we're going to launch the taobao but we don't have anything to sell. Can you go back home and search for something, so we can list on our site and with the people to come to buy it ,Everybody came back seven people ,we gathered 21 products , we list on the website, We waited there for 72 hours, nobody come to buy it so we buy by ourselves.

　　Testing the products and then I'll I got several weeks later, somebody comes to sell , because nobody want to buy it, people come to sell listed something ,we buy all the things, for the first two weeks ,we bought two months we bought are all full of the garbage Because we want to making sure something that you can buy yourself.

　　From that day to last year, we sold five hundred fifty billion US dollars that is ranking 21 countries GDP wise in the world ,we are little bit bigger than Argentina.

　　we created more than 33 million jobs for China, By the way ,we have delivered over 65 million packages per day, 65 million packages per day all over China and world, This thing nobody believed it , we did not believe I start internet would be big ,but I never thought it would be that big let's say guys it was big compared to yesterday, but compared to tomorrow's future it is tiny, I believe 80% to 90% of the business in the future will be online.

　　Today we call people entrepreneurs, few many years later we call Netra premiers ,because everybody has to be online , entrepreneurs today you can only sell ,your goods in Nairobi here, but in the future ,if you cannot sell your product all of Africa. if you cannot sell things across the countries, you're not successful business people, The world is changing very fast and I'm not scarring you guys I worry about the new technology, This is the third technology revolution that a human being face the first technology revolution takes about 50 years.

　　Second 50 years, this is 50 years We're going to have another 30 years, which is very important.

　　The first technology revolution caused World War one, Second technology revolution caused World War two and this is the third technology revolution: the search first the technology revolution reduce the humans energy so we know human are not as strong as machine, The second technology of rushing released the distance speed of human beings so we know we can never run faster than plane and trains This technology revolution release the human brains, so don't be scared machine will be smarter than we are and imagine past 20 years.

　　We will make people like a machine in the future we will make machine like people and data internet artificial intelligence machine intelligence ,all the things coming up the world is facing big challenges ,A lot of jobs that you are thinking great, five years later, it's going to disappear and this is the challenge to the world but this is also the opportunity of the world I think change is the best opportunity come people complaining is the best opportunity. A company if you want to be successful it's not how much money you have because we see so many companies have so much money they are not necessary to survive it's what problem you can solve for the world.

　　One of the things I want to share with you that my special energy my speciality of become CEO of the company I think about the future I think about what the what the world will look like what China will look like what my neighbors would look like what's the problem they would have in five or ten years,If this is a problem,is going to happen to China.

　　If this is a problem,is going to happen to my customers. If this is a problem to my neighbors. If I can fix that.If I can start to prepare now. Five years later I will be successful person.Think about the future. Do not think about I,if I do this. I will be very successful.No. If I do this.I can solve a lot of problems at that time. That is the value,that will bring.

　　The world is challenging, A lot of people complained where is the opportunity. Opportunity always exists in the place where people complain. When people complain. Think about it,how can I solve it. If I can solve it.I have the chance. And where's the opportunity? Where change comes,that's the opportunity. If there's no change. Big business,rich people,powerful people always there. Think about how internet can solve Kenya problem. How internet can solve the African problems. Without internet, I don't think, any small business,any young people in Africa. You have a few opportunity to sell your things across the other country. Only big companies have. So I think this is the greatest opportunity we have.

　　And I think, as I said,people hate globalization. People don't like global trade. I like globalization. I'm a strong believer of globalization. But unfortunately,last 20 years. Globalization was controlled by 60,000 big companies. Most of the young people,small business,women. They don't. Developing countries don't have this chance. But internet comes, this will change. This is what I believe, using Internet to power empower everybody.

　　So I would say that we are lucky people. we are lucky because we're entering into a very very interesting period. and I would say that Africa has the boat. I'm not coming here trying to inspire you.

　　I'm coming here to tell the truth that This morning I found Africa as much more opportunity. Because you have a young,you have. That the whole world today is worried. I don't know why everybody's worried. The whole world today is puzzled. But Africa I see people have a passion. And people have ideas. People say this is the future.

　　Because I think we are we have nothing to lose. Europe has a lot to lose. America has a lot of world rules. Those countries worry about losing. They are a lot of puzzle. But Africa I don't think you have anything to lose. And I heard a lot a lot of Africa,there are so many opportunities. So many complains,so many problems.

　　That is the opportunity. If you want to be big company,solve big problems. If you want to be a small company, solve small problems,complains. All the people are lucky enough.

　　I traveling around the world. I see so many successful people. Politician,business people,scientists,artists. I found one quality that it all the successful. For sure they never complain. They are always optimistic. And a second,they always partner with good people. So this is something we are entering into a very interesting time.

　　And Africa, this is you are the youngest continent in the world. The average age I hear is only 19 years old. I was amazing. That the future. I am calling on every country pay special attention to next to 30 years.

　　Every technology, the first 20 years is about technology company. In the past 20 years, Internet companies. Google,Facebook,Alibaba,right?Amazon. These ompanies control. These companies,very successful. Next 30 years,may not as necessary these companies.

　　For sure, It's not the Internet company will win next to 30 years. If those companies,those young people using the Internet well will win.

　　Car was not invented in America. But American people using car best. Electricity was not invented in America. But American using electricity best. So Africa we have a terrible, People say we have a terrible internet infrastructure. But I think this is the chance. Why ecommerces grow in China,grow bad in America? Because we don't have sophisticate to take it, ecommerce infrastructure like America.

　　In America there are supermarkets and walls and everything's so good, China, no. We don't have such a great payment system. We don't have a credit rating system because we don't have that so restart of high job.

　　China, when I started the e-commerce, people say even Chinese don't have a telephone, why is it believed the internet will happen.

　　Yeah we don't have a telephone there, we have a mobile phones. Nobody expect mobile phone grow so fast. Africa today I think more than 60% of the people in Africa have a mobile phone.

　　The mobile phone today is much more powerful than the PC. Unluckily, I did not study PC. With the mobile phone, you connect to the world.

　　Right? So this is what I feel that Africa that the poor infrastructure may giving you the opportunity that you never you never even imagined. So the thing that also I'll say, I heard so much about Kenyan, Africa is that, you know, the forest, the animals.

　　You are guys a living in the paradise. Think about the China. China is the kitchen of the world, very dirty now, the air pollutions. So Africa develop, you don't have to follow the other countries model. Africa should be Africa, using the new technology protect the environment, protect the animals. It's easy to build buildings, but it is difficult to call the animal backs. It's impossible, right? Tell me where in this world you can see so many elephants and lions from still walking around.

　　Africa.

　　Tell me where in this way you can still smell the real optimist of the blue air. That's what now I understand when I arriving. Why so many people come to Africa every year and go on or not.

　　There's no business here, but you have a business to leverage that. And think about if you want dude of a manufacturer base, think in a different way, it's impossible to copy China, and even if you copy China, you have no future. Because the world manufacturing is shifting from B to C to C to B. Normal way is business, think about something and sell to the consumers. In the future because the data technology every manufacturer should be C to B, consumer to business.

　　The manager has to make their products smart, tailor-made not large skill. China grow in the period of large container, massive, assembly line. Future, assembly line is not how many t-shirts we can make for what assembling with one hour. In the future is how many different t-shirts you can make, how many talent made t-shirts you can make.

　　So this is something the world is changing. Africa have to think about the way that Africa is good at.And I would say I would do anything to change if I can be young. Tell you one thing, year 1999, I'm lucky enough to find one of the early founders of Yahoo. It was number 40 employees of Yahoo. They joined us, become the CTO of the company. And I asked him what do you want is a jack. Uh, you guys are young,I would spend 1 million dollars to buy one year. I say, I sell all my age to you. Today I realized that, young age is something that is the best opportunity.

　　Don't be scared of failure. My asset is so many failure stories. There are a lot of stories about us, about me, but none of the books I read about me. Someday I may write a book. The books name is Alibaba 1001 mistakes.This is the best assets that when you have.

　　Learn from the mistakes, learn from other mistakes, not because you want avoid the mistakes, because when you face these mistakes you know how to face it, how to challenge it, and this is critical.

　　So I want to share with all the young people here, students, never give up. There's always opportunity there. It's easy to give up. Keep the hope. The world is challenging, but this is opportunity for young people. Ecommerce, internet is the opportunity for country like us, Kenya, China, Africa.The best of people say, well ecommerce, China's The best place in the world for e-commerce. where, tell me. I think Europe, you have everything. But why Europe it has no good Internet companies or e-commerce company? They worry too much. They worry about privacy, security, laws, government predators, government already that when you worry too much, you're scared to move forward. Don't worry.

　　If you make mistake, try again and find the good people, Innovation is not from the government. Innovation is from your customer, from the market. And finally I give. If you want to be entrepreneurs. I will give you device: always remember custom number one, employee number two, share for number three. This is different from America: sell for the number one. I believe customer number one.If you make your customer happy, they will pay the money. If you make your employees happy,they will be creative innovative.If your customer in probably happy, the shareholder will be happy. Do not spend a lot of time on you're talking to your shareholders.Spend more time to talking your customers, spend more time talking to your employees，and making sure it's the employee share the vision, making sure they're great and also making sure where your hire employees, find the good people, find the people who smart then you are.Find the people who can be your boss. You think this guy would be my boss in five years. Hire him.

　　This is the secret and also that last secret is making sure high enough women on the internet type. This is, this is the,one of the secret source of success for Alibaba.We have 47 percent of the women.47 to 48 percent of the colleagues in our company of women.33 percent of the senior management of our company women.Not because we want to keep women.we find women can do much better job on the Internet time,on the e-commerce. When I set a business I say e-commerce is not a bad computer to talk to computers.

　　E-commerce is about a people talk to people. But computer is just a proxy to the front aged.Women take care of the others better than men.

　　Women understand, women have much high EQ than men.We have IQ, have to care about the others. See, when you're online, the engineers, I got a lot of engineers. They have a high IQ, they make good program but they never care where the program is user-friendly or not. But women make them very user-friendly, and women really care about the customers behind it. This make our cut. People like I may have no background of Technology.The only thing I want to do is make my customer happy.How can I make custom happy? We got a lot of people and we have a women engineers,women CFO, women CEO, women president.So keep on that. Remember this is so evil. This is why we have seen so many women presidents,women Primeminister, women CEOs. In the future I think we're going to have a woman Secretary General of your nations.

　　And we need that, I know a woman Chesser. So that is something I want to share with you.I'm not a politician on the business people. As a business people we're resulted driven. Where efficiency driven, we're fed driven. why result driven. because you have to get result. Otherwise you only talk. no results, you die. And for a device I give it to Kenya Africa is speed up. You know what I'm saying. For one day, I get some feeling. We have a vision, but you have to get the things down,and with speed. And the second is efficiency driven.And the third affair, business people can never force people to do business with me. It's about a fair trade, So I would to say let's move up. Africa will be the next driving source or driving energy of the world after today's Asia. And this is what I truly believe and I come here, I don't want to sell anything to you guys. I want to help you to sell your great step to the world using Internet.

　　Thank you.