常用英文翻譯技巧
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選3篇)
英譯漢是運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)把英語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的思想準(zhǔn)確而完整地重新表達(dá)出來(lái)的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng),那么有關(guān)常用英文翻譯技巧有哪些內(nèi)容呢?下面小編給大家分享常用英文翻譯技巧,希望能夠幫助大家!
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選篇1)
一、增譯法
指根據(jù)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言不同的思維方式、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式,在翻譯時(shí)增添一些詞、短句或句子,以便更準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出原文所包含的意義。這種方式多半用在漢譯英里。漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句較多,而英語(yǔ)句子一般都要有主語(yǔ),所以在翻譯漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句的時(shí)候,除了少數(shù)可用英語(yǔ)無(wú)主句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或“There be…”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)翻譯以外,一般都要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境補(bǔ)出主語(yǔ),使句子完整。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞和冠詞的使用方法上也存在很大差別。英語(yǔ)中代詞使用頻率較高,凡說(shuō)到人的器官和歸某人所有的或與某人有關(guān)的事物時(shí),必須在前面加上物主代詞。因此,在漢譯英時(shí)需要增補(bǔ)物主代詞,而在英譯漢時(shí)又需要根據(jù)情況適當(dāng)?shù)貏h減。英語(yǔ)詞與詞、詞組與詞組以及句子與句子的邏輯關(guān)系一般用連詞來(lái)表示,而漢語(yǔ)則往往通過(guò)上下文和語(yǔ)序來(lái)表示這種關(guān)系。因此,在漢譯英時(shí)常常需要增補(bǔ)連詞。英語(yǔ)句子離不開(kāi)介詞和冠詞。另外,在漢譯英時(shí)還要注意增補(bǔ)一些原文中暗含而沒(méi)有明言的詞語(yǔ)和一些概括性、注釋性的詞語(yǔ),以確保譯文意思的完整。總之,通過(guò)增譯,一是保證譯文語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的完整,二是保證譯文意思的明確。如:
①、What about calling him right away?
馬上給他打個(gè)電話,你覺(jué)得如何? (增譯主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ))
②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四個(gè)現(xiàn)代化實(shí)現(xiàn)該有多好啊!(增譯主句)
③、Indeed, the reverse is true.
實(shí)際情況恰好相反。(增譯名詞)
④、就是法西斯國(guó)家本國(guó)的人民也被剝奪了人權(quán)。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增譯物主代詞)
⑤、只許州官放火,不許百姓點(diǎn)燈。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增譯連詞)
⑥、這是我們兩國(guó)人民的又一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增譯介詞)
⑦、在人權(quán)領(lǐng)域,中國(guó)反對(duì)以大欺小、以強(qiáng)凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增譯暗含詞語(yǔ))
⑧、三個(gè)臭皮匠,合成一個(gè)諸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增譯注釋性詞語(yǔ))
二、省譯法
這是與增譯法相對(duì)應(yīng)的一種翻譯方法,即刪去不符合目標(biāo)語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣、語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣和表達(dá)方式的詞,以避免譯文累贅。增譯法的例句反之即可。又如:
①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京訪問(wèn)期間就住在這家飯店里。(省譯物主代詞)
②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.
希望您在這兒過(guò)得愉快。(省譯物主代詞)
③、中國(guó)政府歷來(lái)重視環(huán)境保護(hù)工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省譯名詞)
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選篇2)
1、倒裝句
英語(yǔ)倒裝句,無(wú)論是完全倒裝,還是部分倒裝,都與漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序有差異,翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)尊重漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,將句子理順。
例:Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.鐵錘一落,火星四濺。(原句為完全倒裝。)
2、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
翻譯好強(qiáng)調(diào)句的關(guān)鍵在于掌握好強(qiáng)調(diào)句型(It is…that/who/which/…)。應(yīng)注意該句型與主語(yǔ)從句意義上的差異。例:
1)It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress or who can spend money on others as he spends on himself.
只有不同尋常的人才能遠(yuǎn)離經(jīng)濟(jì)重壓,才能把錢(qián)花在別人身上就像花在自己身上一樣。(該句強(qiáng)調(diào)an unusual person,在譯文中用"只有"兩字體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。)
試比較主語(yǔ)從句:We had a lot of fun at the beach.It was really a fly in the ointment that George cut his foot on a piece of glass.我們?cè)诤┥贤娴煤荛_(kāi)心,美中不足的是喬治的腳被一塊玻璃割破了。(句中的It為形式主語(yǔ),代替that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。a fly in the ointment油膏里有一只蒼蠅,喻美中不足。)
3、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使用比較多,尤其是科技論文中特別突出,這與漢語(yǔ)形成鮮明的對(duì)照。在漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)中,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)比被運(yùn)語(yǔ)態(tài)用得更普遍些。因此,在進(jìn)行英譯漢時(shí),最好能尊重漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,將英文被動(dòng)句轉(zhuǎn)換在漢語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句。翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)注意運(yùn)用以下技巧:
1)英語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)
有些被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)只能用漢語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句來(lái)翻譯時(shí),可以將英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)闈h語(yǔ)主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ),以便突出談?wù)摰氖挛?,不需要表明的行為主體可以省略。
例:The present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness.絕不可用那些已經(jīng)無(wú)用的習(xí)俗來(lái)束縛現(xiàn)在的手腳。
2)用"被"等詞提示行為的主體
譯文必須表示出被動(dòng)時(shí),可以用"被"、"為……所"、"受到"、"叫"、"讓"、"靠"、"遭到"、"挨"、"將"、"是(由)……的"等詞來(lái)表示,這樣更能引人注目。
例:The earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete.曼哈頓地區(qū)的地層表面是由堅(jiān)硬的混凝土構(gòu)成的。
常用英文翻譯技巧(精選篇3)
What impresses me most in Beijing is the Great Wall which is one of the greatest projects in the world. It's not only the cultural heritage, but also a symbol of China. "It's glorious." I think. It looks like a big dragon running across the mountainous area. It starts Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west. It's so long that nobody can walk from the beginning to the end.
在北京給我印象最深的是長(zhǎng)城,是世界上項(xiàng)目之一。它不僅是文化遺產(chǎn),也是中國(guó)的象征?!蔽矣X(jué)得“它很輝煌"。它就像一條巨龍穿越山區(qū)。從東面的山海關(guān)開(kāi)始一直延伸到西邊的嘉峪關(guān)。太長(zhǎng)了以至于沒(méi)有人能從走到尾。
It was firstly built in Qin Dynasty and prolonged in Ming and Qing dynasties. It was used to protect the enemies from invading in the past, but now it has become the place of interest which attracts so many tourists both at home and abroad.
它始建于秦朝,一直延期到明清時(shí)期。在過(guò)去它是用來(lái)防止敵人的入侵,但現(xiàn)在它已成為名勝古跡,吸引了很多國(guó)內(nèi)外游客。
When I was standing on the top of the Great Wall, I felt as if I were in ancient days. I could see many laborers working very hard. How could they finish this extremely difficult task by hand?
當(dāng)我站在長(zhǎng)城上時(shí),我感覺(jué)我像是在古代一樣。我可以看到很多勞動(dòng)者努力工作。他們?cè)趺茨苡檬止ね瓿蛇@個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)?