英語介詞for的用法歸納總結(jié)
在英語的學(xué)習(xí)中,for是很常見的詞匯,那么對(duì)于for的用法你都了解嗎,下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的一些關(guān)于介詞for的用法總結(jié),以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
用法1:(介詞for表目的)為了
They went out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。
What did you do that for? 你干嗎這樣做?
That’s what we’re here for. 這正是我們來的目的。
What’s she gone for this time? 她這次去干什么去了?
He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽車。
【用法說明】在通常情況下,英語不用 for doing sth 來表示目的
他去那兒看他叔叔。
誤:He went there for seeing his uncle.
正:He went there to see his uncle.
但是,若一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞已名詞化,則可與 for 連用表目的
He went there for swimming. 他去那兒游泳。(swimming 已名詞化)
注意:若不是表目的,而是表原因、用途等,則其后可接動(dòng)名詞。(見下面的有關(guān)用法)
用法2:(介詞for表利益)為,為了
What can I do for you? 你想要我什么?
We study hard for our motherland. 我們?yōu)樽鎳?guó)努力學(xué)習(xí)。
Would you please carry this for me? 請(qǐng)你替我提這個(gè)東西好嗎?
Do more exercise for the good of your health. 為了健康你要多運(yùn)動(dòng)。
【用法說明】(1) 有些后接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等),當(dāng)雙賓語易位時(shí),通常用 for 來引出間接賓語,表示間接賓語為受益者
She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她為她女兒做了件連衣裙。
He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他為我們煮了些土豆。
注意,類似下面這樣的句子必須用 for:
He bought a new chair for the office. 他為辦公室買了張新辦公椅。
(2) 注意不要按漢語字面意思,在一些及物動(dòng)詞后誤加介詞 for:
他們決定在電視上為他們的新產(chǎn)品打廣告。
誤:They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.
正:They decided to advertise their new product on TV.
注:advertise 可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞,但含義不同:advertise sth=為賣出某物而打廣告;advertise for sth=為尋找某物而打廣告advertise for a job=登廣告求職。由于受漢語“為”的影響,而此處誤加了介詞 for。類似地,漢語中的“為人民服務(wù)”,說成英語是 serve the people,而不是 serve for the people,“為某人的死報(bào)仇”,說成英語是 avenge sb’s death,而不是 avenge for sb’s death,等等。
用法3:(介詞for表用途)用于,用來
Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用來切東西的。
This knife is for cutting bread. 這把小刀是用于切面包的。
It’s a machine for slicing bread. 這是切面包的機(jī)器。
The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 醫(yī)生給了她一些感冒藥。
用法4:為得到,為拿到,為取得
He went home for his book. 他回家拿書。
He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友請(qǐng)教。
She often asked her parents for money. 她經(jīng)常向父母要錢。
We all hope for success. 我們都盼望成功。
Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要進(jìn)來喝點(diǎn)茶?
用法5:介詞for表給(某人),供(某人)用
That’s for you. 這是給你的。
Here is a letter for you. 這是你的信。
Have you room for me there? 你那邊能給我騰出點(diǎn)地方嗎?
用法6:(介詞for表原因、理由)因?yàn)椋捎?/strong>
I am sorry for it. 對(duì)不起。
Thank you for coming to see me. 謝謝你來看我。
You can’t see the wood for the trees. 你只見樹木,不見森林。
He is famous for his poems. 他因?yàn)樗脑姵雒?/p>
He was sent to prison for robbery. 他因?yàn)閾尳俣巍?/p>
I couldn’t speak for laughing. 我笑得說不出話來。
He couldn’t sleep for joy. 他高興得不能入睡。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于種種原因,我寧愿不見她。
【用法說明】有些表原因的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)不宜用介詞 for 來引出,而用其他介詞
他由于努力工作而加了工資。
誤:For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
正:As a [the] result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.
注:as a [the] result of 是習(xí)語,意為“由于……的結(jié)果”。
因?yàn)槟赣H不在家,她只好自己做飯。
誤:For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
正:With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.
注:“with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”可用來表示原因,此時(shí)的 with 不能換成 for。類似地,下例中的 with 也不能換成 for:
With all this work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out. 有這么多工作要做,我不知是否有時(shí)間出去。
我們祝賀你的成功。
誤:We congratulate you for your success.
正:We congratulate you on your success.
注:congratulate 后習(xí)慣上接介詞 on 表示原因。
用法7:(介詞for表目標(biāo)、去向)去
Is this bus for Chicago? 這輛公共汽車開往芝加哥嗎?
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動(dòng)身去北京。
They set off for the shops. 他們買東西去了。
Is this the train for Shanghai? 這是開往上海的火車嗎?
Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必須在北京換車。
【用法說明】比較 for 與 to,兩者均可表示目的地,注意以下區(qū)別:
for 通常與 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等動(dòng)詞連用,而 to 則通常與 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等動(dòng)詞連用
We departed for London at 10 am. 我們上午10點(diǎn)動(dòng)身去倫敦。
Then we drove to the station. 然后我們就開車去了車站。
有時(shí),同一個(gè)動(dòng)詞(如 sail)兩者均可連用,但含義稍有差別:用 for 通常只表示向著某目的地那個(gè)方向,并不強(qiáng)調(diào)到達(dá)的意思;而 to 含有到達(dá)某目的地的意思
They sailed for Shanghai. 他們開船駛往廣州。
若與名詞連用,也有類似區(qū)別
There will be a train for Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(僅表示向武漢方向,但在武漢未必是??空?
There will be a train to Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(開往武漢方向,且在武漢???(R56)
順便說一句,也有的辭書持幾乎相反的觀點(diǎn),認(rèn)為 for 與 to 表示目的地時(shí),for 表示的是預(yù)定目的地,而to 表示的是假設(shè)將會(huì)到達(dá)的目的地。